Political Violence and Mass Society

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Mass Society ◽  
Cultural Violence ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Mass Politics ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Key Aspects

This chapter examines political violence in a new age of mass politics, looking in particular at ideas of a ‘European civil war’. Civil war, however, requires more than ideological division and was a discrete and unusual circumstance. The chapter problematizes binary understandings of Left and Right, looking instead at struggles for public space, youth, and masculinity as key aspects of the political and cultural violence of the interwar period. The chapter also argues that the role of the state is an important explanatory variable in explaining differences in the level and type of violence found across Europe during this period.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Tir ◽  
Johannes Karreth
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Intergovernmental Organizations ◽  
State Fragility ◽  
International Environment

After summarizing the theoretical arguments and findings of this book, we discuss key lessons learned from our study. The international environment has a significant influence on civil war development and prevention. Amplifying their conflict-preventing influence on member-states, highly structured intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) often coordinate their activities, especially in the area of political violence and state fragility. We then identify a number of tangible, economic incentives as the main pathways of this influence. Overall, this book suggests that the economic benefits of peace provide a potent temptation—for both governments and rebels—to settle low-level armed conflict before it can escalate to full-scale civil war. With these lessons learned, we also identify suggestions for both the research into and practice of conflict management. The chapter closes by pointing to opportunities for making use of our findings to further capitalize on the role of highly structured IGOs in civil war prevention.

scholarly journals Francisco Gutierrez and Gerd Schonwalder (eds.) Economic Liberalisation and Political Violence—Utopia or Dystopia? 2010. International Development Research Centre Canada (IDRC). Canada: Pluto Press. 355 pages. US$35.00.

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-263
Author(s):  
Laila Sohail
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
First Century ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
International Development Research Centre ◽  
The One

No debate is as engaging in the twenty-first century, as the one surrounding the phenomenon of globalisation. Economists, political scientists public policy experts, and specialists from a range of diverse disciplines are attracted to analyse this phenomenon and apply it to the world around them. The analysts are generally divided in two camps—those who praise globalisation as an evolutionary process leading to peace and prosperity, and those for whom globalisation is a curse instigating violence and conflict by undermining the role of the State and adversely affecting democracy.

La sinistra e la destra nella Francia politica

2013 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Vincent Duclert
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Future ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Republic

The recent presidential elections in 2012 have shown that left-right cleavage was still dominant in France. The redistribution of political forces, strongly awaited by the center (but also by the extremes) did not take place. At the same time, the major issues, such the European unification, the future of the nation, the future of the Republic, the role of the state, continue to cross left and right fields, revealing other cleavages that meet other historical or philosophical contingencies. However, the left-right opposition in France structured contemporary political life, organizing political families, determining the meaning and practice of institutions. Thence, the question is to understand what defines these two political fields and what history brings to their knowledge since the French Revolution, or they are implemented

scholarly journals Under the Banner of the Prophet? Terek and Dagestan in the Flames of the Civil War

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10 (108)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Julia Biryukova
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
The North ◽  
Key Aspects

The review is devoted to Vladimir Borisovich Lobanov's monograph “Terek and Dagestan in the Flames of Civil War: Religious, military-political and ideological Confrontation in the 1917—1920s”, which touches on all the most important aspects of life in the North Caucasus in the era of revolution and Civil War. There is a serious source base of the study, which has absorbed, perhaps, a critical mass of documents on the problem, which allowed us to draw convincing conclusions. Lobanov highlighted the key aspects of the chosen topic: the development of autonomous self-government institutions in the North Caucasus against the background of the collapse of statehood, the Islamic factor in the Civil War, the emergence and activity of the spectrum of anti-Bolshevik forces, the role of the Cossacks and the Volunteer Army in military-political processes in the region. He also pays attention to the revolutionaries who played a significant role in the establishment of Soviet power in the region, analyzes the reasons for the victory of the Bolsheviks in the North Caucasus.

scholarly journals BIROKRATISASI PENEGAKAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA PASCA REFORMASI MELALUI PEMBENTUKAN KEMENTERIAN URUSAN HAM DAN PENGUATAN KOMNAS HAM

Yurispruden ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Arasy Pradana A Azis
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Space ◽  
The State ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
National Human ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
Executive Body

ABSTRACTThe Reformation then became a momentum for improving the issues of upholding human rights in Indonesia, where human rights matters formally entered into the division of power. On the one hand, for the first time, a ministry was formed specifically to deal with human rights matters. While outside the executive body, Law No. 39 of 1999 strengthens the position of the National Commission of Human Rights which has actually been established since 1993. This phenomenon then raises a problem statement, on how bureaucratization of human rights after Reformation is manifested through the establishment of the National Human Rights Commission and the Ministry of Human Rights. It was found that each institution gained legitimacy from political dynamics in a more democratic public space. Between the state ministries for human rights and the National Commission of Human Rights, the principle of check and balances was carried out in their role as an organ of the Indonesian bureaucracy. On the one hand, the state minister for human rights is an extension of the executive's hand in managing human rights matters. As a counterweight, the National Human Rights Commission carries out the role of the state auxiliary bodies to monitor the government’s human rights work.Keywords:    Politic of Law, Bureaucratization, Human Rigths, Ministry of Law and Human Rights Affairs, National Commission of Human Rights. ABSTRAKPeristiwa Reformasi menjadi momentum perbaikan urusan penegakan HAM di Indonesia, di mana urusan HAM secara formal masuk ke dalam pembagian kekuasaan negara. Di satu sisi, untuk pertama kalinya dibentuk satu kementerian yang secara khusus menangani urusan HAM. Sementara di luar lembaga eksekutif, Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 menguatkan kedudukan Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia yang sejatinya telah terbentuk sejak tahun 1993. Fenomena ini kemudian menimbulkan satu rumusan permasalahan, yaitu bagaimana birokratisasi urusan HAM pasca reformasi termanifestasi melalui pembentukan Komnas HAM dan kementerian urusan HAM. Ditemukan bahwa masing-masing lembaga memperoleh legitimasi dari dinamika politik di ruang publik yang lebih demokratis. Antara kementerian negara urusan HAM dan Komnas HAM kemudian menjalankan prinsip check and balances dalam menjalankan perannya sebagai organ birokrasi Indonesia. Di satu sisi, kementerian negara urusan HAM merupakan perpanjangan tangan eksekutif untuk mengurus urusan HAM. Sebagai penyeimbang, Komnas HAM menjalankan peran sebagai state auxiliary bodies guna mengawasi kinerja HAM pemerintah.Kata Kunci: Politik Hukum, Birokratisasi, Hak Asasi Manusia, Kementerian Urusan HAM, Komnas HAM.

Criminal Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Meccarelli
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Law System ◽  
Historical Turn ◽  
State Monopoly ◽  
Key Aspects

This chapter aims to study features and development of criminal law in the medieval and modern ages. The emergence, at the end of the eighteenth century, of the state monopoly on punishment, connected with the establishment of the statutory law as an ordering factor, represents a historical turn. Before, criminal law—much more than to the exercise of a right to punish—is related to the problem of determining justice in order to produce a public space substitute for revenge. The chapter, considering this different foundation, analyses the ordering factors structuring the criminal law system. It then focuses on peculiar features of the criminal trial and on key aspects such as the role of the judge, the sanctions regimes, the taxonomy of the crimes, and the regimes of proof. Some cursory remarks, as to how the criminal legal order turns into a system under a state monopoly, serve as a conclusion.

scholarly journals Political Culture and Citizen Participation: Transiting from Political Space

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-157
Author(s):  
Judith Josefina Hernandez ◽  
Edgar Cordoba ◽  
Ana Cecilia Chumaceiro
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Political Space ◽  
Democratic Culture ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Participation Mechanisms

Societies build their interpretation and representation on the different phenomena in their social, historical and political processes, so also the political culture contains a set of beliefs, ideas, myths, norms, which give it identity, values, and ends. Consequently, from the democratic culture, the citizen is encouraged to move in the public space, determined by actions, and practices. As a result of these relationships, participation mechanisms are institutionalized for the emancipation or defense of citizens against the role of the State that is domination. Characterizing the aspects that involve political culture, participation and citizen action in the democratic political space, is the central object of this dissertation. The systematic review, bibliographic, documentary, and critical analysis, facilitate the method and the achievement of results, it is concluded that democracy as a system of government is characterized by its factual expression of representation and participation, this implies a global interaction with negotiation of the scheme of interests between rulers and ruled.

scholarly journals Diderot e a educação como projeto de Estado

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (69) ◽  
pp. 1401-1432
Author(s):  
Fabiana Tamizari
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Administrative Structure ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Unrestricted Access ◽  
Key Aspects

* Doutora em Educação, Arte e História da Cultura pela Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie (MACKENZIE). Servidora na Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo. Colaboradora da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal. Diderot e a educação como projeto de Estado Resumo: O Iluminismo, além de movimento intelectual, também se traduziu em intensa atividade política, sendo uma das faces desta ação o despotismo esclarecido: fruto da aliança entre filósofos, que buscavam divulgar seus ideais, e monarcas absolutistas, empenhados em melhorar a sua imagem pública. A aproximação do filósofo Diderot com a imperatriz russa Catarina II, produziu reflexões sobre vários temas, um deles aqui explorado: o papel do Estado na educação pública, apresentado na obra Plano de Uma Universidade (1783). Em nosso artigo, partimos da apresentação do despotismo esclarecido, com foco na relação de Diderot com a imperatriz russa. Em seguida, discorremos sobre as bases da educação pública no século XVIII, e finalizamos com a proposta diderotiana sobre o papel do Estado no fomento da educação pública, enfatizando três propostas elementares, que, segundo o autor, promoveriam essa aliança: o acesso irrestrito à educação, a presença do Estado na estrutura administrativa e organizacional, e a atualização curricular.Palavras-Chave: Iluminismo; Diderot; Educação. Diderot and education as State project Abstract: The Enlightenment was not only an intellectual movement, but was also expressed in politics, such as in enlightened despotism. This was the result of an alliance between philosophers in search to spread their ideas and absolutist monarchs trying to enhance their public figures. Here we explore one among many fruits of the association between Diderot and Catherine the II, Empress of Russia: the role of the State in public education, as presented in The Plan of a University (1783). We start from a general presentation of enlightened despotism, focusing on Diderot and Catherine the Great’s relation; next, we explore the basis of public education on the XVIII century, and finally we present Diderot’s plan itself, in which the State has the role of fostering education, relying on three key aspects: unrestricted access to education, the presence of the State in the organizational and administrative structure, and the update of the curriculum.Keywords: Enlightenment; Diderot; Education. Diderot y la educación como proyecto de Estado Resumen: El Iluminismo, además de movimiento intelectual, también se tradujo en intensa actividad política, siendo una de las caras de esta acción el despotismo ilustrado: fruto de la alianza entre filósofos, que buscaban divulgar sus ideales, y monarcas absolutistas, empeñados en mejorar su imagen pública. La aproximación del filósofo Diderot con la emperatriz rusa Catalina II, produjo reflexiones sobre varios temas, uno de ellos aquí explotado: el rol del Estado en la educación pública, presentado en la obra Plan de una Universidad (1783). En nuestro artículo, partimos de la presentación del despotismo ilustrado, teniendo em cuenta la relación de Diderot con la emperatriz rusa. A continuación, discordamos sobre las bases de la educación pública en el siglo XVIII, y finalizamos con la propuesta diderotiana sobre el rol del Estado en el fomento de la educación pública, enfatizando tres propuestas elementales que, según el autor, promoverían esa alianza: el acceso irrestricto a la educación, la presencia del Estado en la estructura administrativa y organizativa, y la actualización curricular.Palabras Clave: Iluminismo; Diderot; Educación. Data de registro: 08/02/2019 Data de aceite: 30/10/2019

scholarly journals Vector of development of international legal regulation in the sphere of public-private partnership

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Svetlana Valentinovna Maslova
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Key Aspects

The subject of this research is the prospects for the development of international legal regulation of public-private partnership. The question is raised on the diminishing role of the state in regulation of international and transboundary relations in the sphere of public-private partnership. The author indicates a quite noticeable replacement of traditional regulatory processes, the key role in which is played by the states, with informal processes of international rule-making, in which the lead is taken by non-state actors. It is substantiated that the absence of international convention on public-private partnership negatively affects the regulation of relations in the sphere of public-private partnership. Leaning on the domestic and foreign scientific literature, the author outlines the vector of development of international law in the sphere of public-private partnership, as well as substantiates the need for adopting the international framework convention on public-private partnership. Analysis is conducted on the special forms of interaction between international law and national law in the sphere of public-private partnership, as well as on correlation between international law and non-legal regulators of public-private partnership. The article describes the key aspects of the content of the international framework convention on public-private partnership. The novelty of consists in establishment of the vector of development of international legal regulation of public-private partnership. Based on the “clash” of private law and public law approaches towards regulation of international investment relations, the author substantiates the comprehensive approach towards regulation of public-private partnership.

The State, Public Order, and Local Theater in South China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing Chung Ng
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
South China ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
The State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Cantonese Opera ◽  
The Many ◽  
A Site ◽  
Nationalist Government

This chapter explores the theater as a site of chaos and unruly behavior, and examines the role of the state in managing the Cantonese opera theater as a public space. It considers the many scars of physical violence borne by the opera community, some inflicted from the outside, and others occasioned by eruptions of factionalism. The division from within became chronic especially in the mid-1920s when politics in Guangzhou took a radical turn. This development was no small irony in an age of state-building when different government authorities—including the British in colonial Hong Kong, the successive warlord regimes in control of South China, and the Chinese Nationalist government after 1927—all, to various degrees, sought to police the theater and assert control in the interest of mobilization, discipline, and order.

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