Galen and His System of Medicine

2018 ◽  
pp. 764-788
Author(s):  
Ian Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The Body ◽  
Comprehensive System ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Basic Medical

The chapter treats the life and work of the physician Galen; his own works are the primary source for his life. He established a comprehensive system of medical practice based on a systematic theoretical foundation, which included all the basic medical sciences, as well as the relevant areas of philosophy, and endured with minor alterations until the mid-nineteenth century. He made important anatomical discoveries and carried out illuminating physiological experiments. He insisted that doctors must have a solid grounding in philosophy, and intervened in the debate between the contending medical sects of his era. Galen valued the works of Hippocrates and Plato and attempted to ground his work in their ideas. Galen adhered to the theory that four qualities (hot/cold and wet/dry) composed the body; he advocated teleology as an explanatory principle for all phenomena, and he understood the soul to have three parts as in Plato’s Timaeus.

Oxford Handbook of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation

2010 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Laboratory Investigation ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Investigative Techniques ◽  
Modern Medical Practice ◽  
Basic Medical

This invaluable reference is a compendium of investigations relevant to modern medical practice. It provides a synopsis of most of the investigative techniques used in the basic medical sciences and the major clinical specialties. In addition there are sections devoted to imaging tests including radiology and nuclear medicine.

Electricity and the body: a precollege demonstration laboratory.

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (6) ◽  
pp. S6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R G Carroll
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
School Students ◽  
Professional Schools ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
One Step ◽  
The One ◽  
Basic Medical

The active recruitment of students to scientific careers is essential to the continued health of the basic medical sciences. One step in this process involves an early exposure to the practice and possibilities of scientific investigation. Physiology faculty of colleges and professional schools are uniquely poised to demonstrate the importance of science to younger students. This report describes a laboratory demonstration that is designed for groups of middle-school and high-school students as a part of a medical school tour. With appropriate modifications, a similar approach can be used to demonstrate the principles of scientific investigation to students at any level. Subsequent discussions can be used to illustrate the potential benefits of medical research. Presentations such as the one contained in this paper may aid in the recruitment of future physiologists and physicians.

A checklist to help students analyze published articles in basic medical sciences.

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. S21 ◽  
Author(s):  
P K Rangachari ◽  
S Mierson
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Student Responses ◽  
Life Long Learning ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Reading Textbooks ◽  
Scientific Life ◽  
Basic Medical

Because critical analysis of published information is an essential component of scientific life, it is important that students be trained in its practice. Undergraduate students who are more accustomed to reading textbooks and taking lecture notes find it difficult to appreciate primary publications. To help such students, we have developed a checklist that helps them analyze different components of a research article in basic biomedical sciences. Students used the checklist to analyze critically a published article. The students were assigned an article and asked to write a paper (maximum 2 pages of single-spaced type) assessing it. This assignment has been found useful to both undergraduate and graduate students in pharmacology and physiology. Student responses to a questionnaire were highly favorable; students thought the exercise provided them with some of the essential skills for life-long learning.

Effectiveness of instructional computers in teaching basic medical sciences

1979 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIANE L. ESSEX ◽  
W. E. SORLIE
Keyword(s):  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Basic Medical

“The Blackness of Darkness”

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-22
Author(s):  
Lara Langer Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
White Writers ◽  
The World ◽  
Newspaper Articles ◽  
Travel Accounts

Abstract This article considers Kentucky’s Mammoth Cave as an unexpected site for nineteenth-century theorizations of racialized Blackness. Mammoth Cave became a major tourist attraction in the 1840s, generating a host of guidebooks, travel accounts, magazine illustrations, panoramas, newspaper articles, and fiction. Crucial to its fame was the fact that the guides who led visitors through the cave were enslaved men. This article argues that white writers responded to the guides’ knowledge of the cave by reframing it as affinity. In doing so, they transformed Mammoth Cave’s subterranean darkness into a manifestation of racialized Blackness. But the writers’ racialization of Mammoth Cave also had a tendency to slip out of their control. As they associated its spatial darkness with racialized Blackness, the literal underground of Mammoth Cave flickered into an underground that was more than literal—a mysterious Black formation, of unguessed dimensions and certain danger, beneath the world as they knew it. Finally, the article asks what we can glean from the literature of Mammoth Cave about the body of Black thought it sought to disavow: the alternative relations between race and the underground that the guides theorized through their own subterranean explorations.

Simple vacuum cup to identify the primary myofascial restriction: the root cause of pain elsewhere

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e240214
Author(s):  
Lenny Thinagaran Vasanthan ◽  
Manigandan Chockalingam
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The Body ◽  
Detailed History ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Cause Of Pain ◽  
Musculoskeletal Examination ◽  
Gold Standards

Identification of the primary source of pain determines the success of musculoskeletal pain management. A detailed history and physical examination are the current gold standards for identifying musculoskeletal pain source in day-to-day clinical practice. This process, at times, may potentially result in inadequate/inappropriate identification of the pain source. In this case report, we present the usefulness of a simple and inexpensive vacuum cup. We found that this accurately identified the primary pain source, distant from and unrelated to the site of pain presentation in a 30-year-old man with back pain. Routine use of this simple technique in conjunction with the regular musculoskeletal examination may better identify primary restrictions in the body tissues. Based on our experience, we propose that this approach has the potential to offer better outcomes in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain in the future.

scholarly journals Zingerone Ameliorates Hepatotoxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julietpoornamathy J ◽  
Parameswari C.S.
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Group 1

In medical sciences, toxicity is an area wherein extensive studies have been carried to improve the diseases as well as to prevent. So, there is a high requirement for novel and improved alternative therapeutic strategies to manage diseases. The liver is the largest gland in the body, which executes several important mechanisms; it stores minerals and vitamins and releases them in periods of need. The main aim of this study was to give a closer insight into potent non- toxic compounds that is capable of modifying the responses. Animals were divided into five equal groups viz control (Group 1), administered with food and water ad libitum, (Group 2) administered with olive oil, (Group 3) administered with zingerone, (Group 4) administered with concanavalin A, (Group 5) administered with cyclosporine A followed by zingerone. Our results revealed significant changes in liver marker enzymes and liver histology of zingerone treated rats when compared to control rats.  A corollary, zingerone has no toxic effect on hepatocytes and was found to be safe at a dose of 10mg/kg b wt and also ameliorates hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Measuring the brain-gut axis in Psychological Sciences: a necessary challenge

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Palacios-Garcia ◽  
Francisco J. Parada
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
4E Cognition ◽  
The Brain

Cognitive process and associated states such as wellbeing are embodied, in a process of phylogenetic and ontogenic interdependencies, encompassing an organism’s both internal and external environments. Diurnal mammals’ physiology has been enslaved by the day/night cycle, imposed to planet Earth from the cosmos. Mammals’ physiology is furthermore entangled to the micro-dynamics of small organisms, imposed onto the body through the development of a symbiotic relationship unfolding throughout ontogeny and phylogeny. Therefore, adequate scientific study of human behavior will include as many levels as possible: socio-cultural, psychological, microbiological, etc. The brain-gut-microbiota topic represents a fascinating opportunity to expand our knowledge about cognition, mental health, and life in general. It is important to frame this research topic from multiple perspectives including biological/medical sciences, public policy, architecture, urbanism, and psychology. Furthermore, recent philosophical and epistemological advances, under the 4E-cognition framework, will help the integration of evidence, providing new insights and novel hypotheses.

scholarly journals Shaping Toronto: female economy and agency in the corset industry, 1871-1914

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alanna M. M. McKnight
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fashion History ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Female Consumers ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Female Bodies ◽  
The Relationship

In amplifying the contours of the body, the corset is an historical site that fashions femininity even as it constricts women’s bodies. This study sits at the intersection of three histories: of commodity consumption, of labour, and of embodiment and subjectivity, arguing that women were active participants in the making, selling, purchasing and wearing of corsets in Toronto, a city that has largely been ignored in fashion history. Between 1871 and 1914 many women worked in large urban factories, and in small, independent manufacturing shops. Toronto’s corset manufacturers were instrumental in the urbanization of Canadian industry, and created employment in which women earned a wage. The women who bought their wares were consumers making informed purchases, enacting agency in consumption and aesthetics; by choosing the style or size of a corset, female consumers were able to control to varying degrees, the shape of their bodies. As a staple in the wardrobe of most nineteenth-century women, the corset complicates the study of conspicuous consumption, as it was a garment that was not meant to be seen, but created a highly visible shape, blurring the lines between private and public viewing of the female body. Marxist analysis of the commodity fetish informs this study, and by acknowledging the ways in which the corset became a fetishized object itself, both signaling the shapeliness of femininity while in fact augmenting and diminishing female bodies. This study will address critical theory regarding the gaze and subjectivity, fashion, and modernity, exploring the relationship women had with corsets through media and advertising. A material culture analysis of extant corsets helps understand how corsets were constructed in Toronto, how the women of Toronto wore them, and to what extent they actually shaped their bodies. Ultimately, it is the aim of this dissertation to eschew common misconceptions about the practice of corsetry and showcase the hidden manner in which women produced goods, labour, and their own bodies in the nineteenth century, within the Canadian context.

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