Self-Regulation and Decision Making

2016 ◽  
pp. 462-478
Author(s):  
Kristen Anderson ◽  
Kristen E. L Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Reward Sensitivity ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Cognitive Systems ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use

Adolescence involves a complex interplay of biological, cognitive, emotional, and psychosocial changes when normative transitions in self-regulation, reward sensitivity, and decision making occur. As behavioral and cognitive systems mature at differing rates in adolescence, teens may be more vulnerable to the emergence of emotional and behavioral problems in the context of greater autonomy, independence, and responsibility. Youth develop more complex association networks pertaining to alcohol and other drug use across childhood and adolescence in concert with the development of more nuanced decision-making capabilities. As such, self-regulation of alcohol and other drug use behaviors may be particularly challenging for teens. In this chapter, we review the literature on the growth of self-regulation and decision-making abilities, their influence on the initiation and maintenance of alcohol and drug use in adolescence, and potential implications for prevention and intervention.

Effects of lifetime tobacco, alcohol and drug use on psychological and behavioral problems among 10th grade students in Istanbul

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuneyt Evren ◽  
Bilge Evren ◽  
Muge Bozkurt ◽  
Arzu Ciftci-Demirci
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
10Th Grade ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables

Abstract Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of life-time tobacco, alcohol, and substance use on psychological and behavioral variables among 10th grade students in Istanbul/Turkey. Materials and methods: This study employed a cross-sectional online self-report survey conducted in 45 schools from the 15 districts in Istanbul. The questionnaire featured a section about use of substances, including tobacco, alcohol, and drugs. The depression, anxiety, anger, assertiveness, sensation seeking and impulsiveness subscales of the Psychological Screening Test for Adolescents (PSTA) were used. The analyses were conducted based on 4957 subjects. Results: Logistic regression analyses were conducted with each school with the related and behavioral variables as the dependent variables. Gender, tobacco, alcohol, and drug use being the independent variables. All four independent variables predicted the dependent variables. Lifetime tobacco and drug use had significant effects on all the subscale score, whereas lifetime alcohol use had significant effects on all the subscale scores other than lack of assertiveness, and male gender was a significant covariant for all the subscale scores. Drug use showed the highest effect on dependent variables. Interaction was found between effects of tobacco and alcohol on anxiety, whereas interactions were found between effects of tobacco and drugs on lack of assertiveness and impulsiveness. Conclusion: The findings suggested that male students with lifetime tobacco, alcohol or drug use have particularly high risk of psychological and behavioral problems. The unique effects of substance clusters on these problems may be useful in developing secondary preventive practices for substance use and abuse problems in Istanbul.

scholarly journals Gateways for Transformation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitice Saremi
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Depth Psychology ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Polyvagal Theory

Big life transitions, typically resulting from loss, can cause physical, emotional, and behavioral problems. Using a heuristic methodology, this article answers the question: Given polyvagal theory, how can yoga and depth psychology combine to support clients to make transitions more easily? Polyvagal theory hypothesizes that the vagus nerve, the longest cranial nerve, impacts impact many parts of the body related to physical and mental health. Breathing helps the vagus nerve function properly along with self-regulation, homeostasis, and the social engagement system. Yoga and depth psychology recognize the continuous cycles of life that exist in nature, the constancy of change, the aspects of the person that are unchanging, and the ability of both client and therapist to witness it all. To demonstrate the utility of combining yoga and depth psychology to heal the pain of transitions, a therapeutic program was developed and depicted graphically.

scholarly journals Προφορικός λόγος και ψυχοκοινωνική προσαρμογή σε παιδιά πρώτης σχολικής ηλικίας με διαφορετικά αναπτυξιακά γλωσσικά προφίλ

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Ασημίνα Μ. Ράλλη ◽  
Έλενα Καζάλη ◽  
Ελισσάβετ Καρατζά
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Oral Language ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Psychosocial Adaptation ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Psychosocial Competence ◽  
Psychosocial Skills

The role of language in children’s psychosocial competence is fundamental, as it contributes to the emotional and behavioral self-regulation as well as to the interpersonal relationships. In line, recent research evidence emphasizes that children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD), who have significant language deficiencies, often face psychosocial difficulties that challenge academic/school achievement. The aim of the present study is to provide the most detailed description of oral skills (phonology, semantics, morphology, pragmatics and narrative discourse) and psychosocial adaptation (social, school, emotional, and behavioral problems) as well as to investigate the interaction of the above skills, which has not yet been adequately studied in children with and without language deficits. Thirty-six children aged 6 years participated in the study. Half of the participants were children with DLD and half were typically developing children. All the children were evaluated on their non-verbal intelligence as well as on vocabulary, phonological awareness, morphology, pragmatic and narrative skills with the use of a standardized language assessment battery, LOGOMETRO. The children’s psychosocial competence was assessed with the Psychosocial Competence Test, which was completed by the teachers of the children who participated in the study. Mixed variance analysis was applied to test (a) the main effects of the group of children and the type of measurement as well as (b) the interaction of these two. The results showed statistically significant differences in the areas of oral language and psychosocial skills between and within the groups. In addition, there were significant correlations between the language performance and the psychosocial skills in children with DLD. The findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical and educational implications for early detection and intervention.

scholarly journals Self-regulation of the Dopaminergic Reward Circuit in Cocaine Users with Mental Imagery and Neurofeedback

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Kirschner ◽  
Ronald Sladky ◽  
Amelie Haugg ◽  
Philipp Stäempfli ◽  
Elisabeth Jehli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Reward Sensitivity ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Drug Reward ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Reward Responsiveness ◽  
Cocaine Users

AbstractBackground: Enhanced drug-related reward sensitivity accompanied by impaired sensitivity to non-drug related rewards in the mesolimbic dopamine system are thought to underlie the broad motivational deficits and dysfunctional decision-making frequently observed in cocaine use disorder (CUD). Effective approaches to modify this imbalance and reinstate non-drug reward responsiveness are urgently needed. Here we examine whether cocaine users (CU) can use mental imagery of non-drug rewards to self-regulate the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra (VTA/SN). We expected that compulsive and obsessive thoughts about cocaine consumption would hamper the ability to self-regulate the VTA/SN. Finally, we tested if self-regulation of the VTA/SN can be improved with real-time fMRI (rtfMRI) neurofeedback (NFB).Methods: Twenty-two CU and 28 healthy controls (HC) were asked to voluntarily up-regulate VTA/SN activity with rewarding non-drug imagery alone, or combined with rtfMRI NFB of VTA/SN activity. Obsessive-compulsive drug use was measured with the Obsessive Compulsive Cocaine Use Scale (OCCUS).Results: CU were able to induce activity in the dopaminergic midbrain and other reward regions with reward imagery. The ability to self-regulate the VTA/SN was reduced in those with more severe obsessive-compulsive drug use. NFB enhanced the effect of non-drug imagery.Conclusion: CU can voluntary activate their reward system through non-drug related imagery and improve this ability with rtfMRI NFB. Combining reward imagery and rtFMRI NFB has great potential for modifying the maladapted reward sensitivity and reinstating non-drug reward responsiveness. This motivates further work to examine the therapeutic potential of cognitive neurostimulation in CUD.

Social Management Training in Males With 47,XXY (Klinefelter Syndrome): A Pilot Study of a Neurocognitive-Behavioral Treatment Targeting Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Francien Martin ◽  
Sophie van Rijn ◽  
Marit Bierman ◽  
Hanna Swaab
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Klinefelter Syndrome ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Social Management

Abstract Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) is associated with problems in social interaction and behavioral adaptation. Sixteen adolescents and adult men with 47,XXY enrolled in a pilot-study evaluating the effectiveness of Social Management Training (SMT), a novel neurocognitive-behavioral treatment program targeted at improving social, emotional, and behavioral functioning. Participants reported improved emotional stability from pre- to post-test (5 months). Informants reported reductions in internalizing and externalizing symptoms, including improvement in self-regulation. Although informants did not report changes in autism-like symptoms, increased awareness of social challenges was found. SMT may improve emotional stability, self-regulation, and self-reflection in people males with Klinefelter syndrome. This potentially efficacious treatment approach may prove to be a promising psychosocial therapeutic intervention for this population.

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