Treating the Child and Adolescent in the Family and Social Context

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Lochman ◽  
Nicole Powell ◽  
Caroline Boxmeyer ◽  
Meghan L. Sallee ◽  
Casey Dillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
School Contexts ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Contextual Risk Factors

Conduct problems and depression are two commonly occurring mental health problems affecting youth. For both conduct problems and depression, risk factors in the family, peer, and school contexts can contribute to the development and maintenance of these disorders in young people. Addressing contextual risk factors can lead to improvements in conduct problems and symptoms of depression. This chapter provides an overview of contextual risk factors for conduct problems and depression, and it reviews several effective interventions for treating each disorder. Outcome results are summarized for these interventions, as well as some of the major activities and objectives. The role of family, peer, and school contexts in the treatment of conduct problems and depression is highlighted.

scholarly journals A multilevel analysis of contextual risk factors for intimate partner violence in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-78
Author(s):  
Nicholas Cofie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Spousal Violence ◽  
Contextual Risk

While extant research suggests that context, structural socioeconomic and cultural factors matter in intimate partner violence research, quantitative research on the subject in sub-Saharan Africa, and in particular Ghana, has disproportionately focused on prevalence and individual level correlates of spousal violence. This research has ignored the role of the structural socioeconomic and cultural factors and contexts in understanding the causes and consequences of spousal violence in a setting where family life is heavily influenced by traditional norms and beliefs. These norms and beliefs may lead to inadequate and ineffective interventions geared at preventing or reducing spousal violence and its consequences. Guided by an integrated theoretical approach, this study addresses these issues by estimating a multilevel logistic regression model where the effects of both individual and community level risk factors for spousal violence are assessed. Data for the study come from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey and the Ghana Population and Housing Census. The findings confirm the salient role of structural socioeconomic and cultural factors, such as patriarchal norms and residential instability, in the perpetration of spousal violence against women. Policy implications of these findings and directions for further research are discussed.

scholarly journals Associations of immunometabolic risk factors with symptoms of depression and anxiety: The role of cardiac vagal activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 493-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy X. Hu ◽  
Brenda W.J.H. Penninx ◽  
Eco J.C. de Geus ◽  
Femke Lamers ◽  
Dora C.-H. Kuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

Delinquency and the Pediatrician

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
Alan D. Woolf
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Double Jeopardy ◽  
Dental Pathology ◽  
The Family ◽  
Complete Health ◽  
Clustering Of Risk Factors ◽  
Hearing Difficulties

Adolescents may be predisposed to delinquency by a double-jeopardy situation of clustering of risk factors in physical health (eg, perinatal or nervous system trauma, naurodevelopmental or cognitive dysfunction, neglected health problems) and the environment (eg, poverty, disordered family dynamics, poor education). Pediatricians must be attentive to neglected or previously undiscovered health problems in this population, such as overlooked cosmetic or congential defects, nutritional problems, substance abuse, vision and hearing difficulties, dental pathology, and sex-related conditions and diseases. Delinquents, especially during the transition into detention, are at particular risk for injuries, depression, and suicidal behavior. The complete health assessment of the delinquent should include a neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and educational progress assessment. This will facilitate implementation of an appropriate individualized remediation program. The pediatrician, in the dual role of health care provider for the family and child advocate in the community, can accomplish much toward the primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of delinquency.

scholarly journals Severely Mentally Ill Women’s HIV Risk: The Influence of Social Support, Substance Use, and Contextual Risk Factors

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Randolph ◽  
Steven D. Pinkerton ◽  
Anton M. Somlai ◽  
Jeffrey A. Kelly ◽  
Timothy L. McAuliffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Severely Mentally Ill ◽  
Contextual Risk Factors

scholarly journals Causal Inference in Psychopathology: A Systematic Review of Mendelian Randomisation Studies Aiming to Identify Environmental Risk Factors for Psychopathology

2016 ◽  
Vol a4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Pingault ◽  
Charlotte A. M. Cecil ◽  
Joseph Murray ◽  
Marcus R Munafò ◽  
Essi Viding
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Causal Inference ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Effective Interventions

Psychopathology represents a leading cause of disability worldwide. Effective interventions need to target risk factors that are causally related to psychopathology. In order to distinguish between causal and spurious risk factors, it is critical to account for environmental and genetic confounding. Mendelian randomisation studies use genetic variants that are independent from environmental and genetic confounders in order to strengthen causal inference. We conducted a systematic review of studies (N = 19) using Mendelian randomisation to examine the causal role of putative risk factors for psychopathology-related outcomes including depression, anxiety, psychological distress, schizophrenia, substance abuse/antisocial behaviour, and smoking initiation. The most commonly examined risk factors in the reviewed Mendelian randomisation studies were smoking, alcohol use and body mass index. In most cases, risk factors were strongly associated with psychopathology-related outcomes in conventional analyses but Mendelian randomisation indicated that these associations were unlikely to be causal. However, Mendelian randomisation analyses showed that both smoking and homocysteine plasma levels may be causally linked with schizophrenia. We discuss possible reasons for these diverging results between conventional and Mendelian randomisation analyses and outline future directions for progressing research in ways that maximise the potential for identifying targets for intervention.

Patterns of service use, individual and contextual risk factors, and resilience among adolescents using multiple psychosocial services

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 150-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ungar ◽  
Linda Liebenberg ◽  
Peter Dudding ◽  
Mary Armstrong ◽  
Fons J.R. van de Vijver
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Psychosocial Services ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Contextual Risk Factors
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