Biological Markers of Aphasia Recovery after Stroke

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Meinzer ◽  
Lena Ulm ◽  
Robert Lindenberg
Keyword(s):  
Biological Markers ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
First Year ◽  
Structural Imaging ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Functional Reorganization ◽  
Language Recovery ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Aphasia Recovery

Language recovery after stroke is often incomplete and residual symptoms may persist for many years. However, there is ample evidence for structural and functional reorganization of language networks after stroke that mediate recovery. This chapter reviews studies that investigated biological markers of language recovery by means of functional and structural imaging techniques. In particular, we discuss neural signatures associated with spontaneous and treatment-induced language recovery across the first year poststroke and in the chronic stage of aphasia, studies that aimed at predicting recovery and treatment outcome as well as recent developments in brain stimulation that may be suited to enhance the potential for functional recovery.

scholarly journals Recent developments in functional and structural imaging of aphasia recovery after stroke

Aphasiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Meinzer ◽  
Stacy Harnish ◽  
Tim Conway ◽  
Bruce Crosson
Keyword(s):  
Structural Imaging ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Aphasia Recovery

Mass Spectrometry for Proteomics and Recent Developments in ESI, MALDI and other Ionization Methodologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-276
Author(s):  
Qurat ul Ain Farooq ◽  
Noor ul Haq ◽  
Abdul Aziz ◽  
Sara Aimen ◽  
Muhammad Inam ul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Electrospray Ionization ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Desorption Electrospray Ionization ◽  
High Throughput Analysis ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Way

Background: Mass spectrometry is a tool used in analytical chemistry to identify components in a chemical compound and it is of tremendous importance in the field of biology for high throughput analysis of biomolecules, among which protein is of great interest. Objective: Advancement in proteomics based on mass spectrometry has led the way to quantify multiple protein complexes, and proteins interactions with DNA/RNA or other chemical compounds which is a breakthrough in the field of bioinformatics. Methods: Many new technologies have been introduced in electrospray ionization (ESI) and Matrixassisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) techniques which have enhanced sensitivity, resolution and many other key features for the characterization of proteins. Results: The advent of ambient mass spectrometry and its different versions like Desorption Electrospray Ionization (DESI), DART and ELDI has brought a huge revolution in proteomics research. Different imaging techniques are also introduced in MS to map proteins and other significant biomolecules. These drastic developments have paved the way to analyze large proteins of >200kDa easily. Conclusion: Here, we discuss the recent advancement in mass spectrometry, which is of great importance and it could lead us to further deep analysis of the molecules from different perspectives and further advancement in these techniques will enable us to find better ways for prediction of molecules and their behavioral properties.

scholarly journals Imaging techniques in the assessment of endovascular infrarenal abdominal aortic repair

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Spasic ◽  
Viktor Till ◽  
Marijana Basta-Nikolic ◽  
Djordje Milosevic ◽  
Darka Hadnadjev-Simonji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
First Year ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Aortic Repair ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

Introduction. Imaging is essential in the assessment of endovascular infrarenal abdominal aortic repair results. Complications include endoleaks, graft migration, kinking and infolding, stenosis, occlusion, and secondary ruptures. Examination Modalities. Contemporary imaging strategies are based on using noninvasive imaging modalities. After endovascular infrarenal abdominal aortic repair, the standard evaluation modality is computed tomography angiography, whereas additional modalities include magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, and radiography. However, although an invasive imaging method, digital subtraction angiography is still performed in some patients. Computed tomography angiography provides excellent contrast, spatial resolution, and exact measurements of structures of interest, which is essential in the follow-up. Follow-up Protocol. Currently recommended follow-up protocol in the first year is contrast- enhanced computed tomography imaging at 1 and 12 months after the procedure. Conclusion. Due to its characteristics, reproducibility and availability, computed tomography angiography remains the cornerstone diagnostic modality of post-procedural assessment in patients with endovascular infrarenal abdominal aortic repair.

scholarly journals Neurological update: neuroimaging in dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 267 (11) ◽  
pp. 3429-3435
Author(s):  
Timothy Rittman
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Structural Imaging ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Remarkable Progress

Abstract Neuroimaging for dementia has made remarkable progress in recent years, shedding light on diagnostic subtypes of dementia, predicting prognosis and monitoring pathology. This review covers some updates in the understanding of dementia using structural imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), structural and functional connectivity, and using big data and artificial intelligence. Progress with neuroimaging methods allows neuropathology to be examined in vivo, providing a suite of biomarkers for understanding neurodegeneration and for application in clinical trials. In addition, we highlight quantitative susceptibility imaging as an exciting new technique that may prove to be a sensitive biomarker for a range of neurodegenerative diseases. There are challenges in translating novel imaging techniques to clinical practice, particularly in developing standard methodologies and overcoming regulatory issues. It is likely that clinicians will need to lead the way if these obstacles are to be overcome. Continued efforts applying neuroimaging to understand mechanisms of neurodegeneration and translating them to clinical practice will complete a revolution in neuroimaging.

scholarly journals Significance of 5-S-Cysteinyldopa as a Marker for Melanoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumasa Wakamatsu ◽  
Satoshi Fukushima ◽  
Akane Minagawa ◽  
Toshikazu Omodaka ◽  
Tokimasa Hida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Primary Melanoma ◽  
Urinary Biomarkers ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
New Applications

Melanoma is one of the most lethal and malignant cancers and its incidence is increasing worldwide, and Japan is not an exception. Although there are numerous therapeutic options for melanoma, the prognosis is still poor once it has metastasized. The main concern after removal of a primary melanoma is whether it has metastasized, and early detection of metastatic melanoma would be effective in improving the prognosis of patients. Thus, it is very important to identify reliable methods to detect metastases as early as possible. Although many prognostic biomarkers (mainly for metastases) of melanoma have been reported, there are very few effective for an early diagnosis. Serum and urinary biomarkers for melanoma diagnosis have especially received great interest because of the relative ease of sample collection and handling. Several serum and urinary biomarkers appear to have significant potential both as prognostic indicators and as targets for future therapeutic methods, but still there are no efficient serum and urinary biomarkers for early detection, accurate diagnosis and prognosis, efficient monitoring of the disease and reliable prediction of survival and recurrence. Levels of 5-S-cysteinyldopa (5SCD) in the serum or urine as biomarkers of melanoma have been found to be significantly elevated earlier and to reflect melanoma progression better than physical examinations, laboratory tests and imaging techniques, such as scintigraphy and echography. With recent developments in the treatment of melanoma, studies reporting combinations of 5SCD levels and new applications for the treatment of melanoma are gradually increasing. This review summarizes the usefulness of 5SCD, the most widely used and well-known melanoma marker in the serum and urine, compares 5SCD and other useful markers, and finally its application to other fields.

Raman Imaging of Small Biomolecules

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihui Shen ◽  
Fanghao Hu ◽  
Wei Min
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Raman Imaging ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Contrast Mechanisms ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Imaging Methodology ◽  
Small Biomolecules ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

Imaging techniques greatly facilitate the comprehensive knowledge of biological systems. Although imaging methodology for biomacromolecules such as protein and nucleic acids has been long established, microscopic techniques and contrast mechanisms are relatively limited for small biomolecules, which are equally important participants in biological processes. Recent developments in Raman imaging, including both microscopy and tailored vibrational tags, have created exciting opportunities for noninvasive imaging of small biomolecules in living cells, tissues, and organisms. Here, we summarize the principle and workflow of small-biomolecule imaging by Raman microscopy. Then, we review recent efforts in imaging, for example, lipids, metabolites, and drugs. The unique advantage of Raman imaging has been manifested in a variety of applications that have provided novel biological insights.

Magnetic resonance imaging comes of age

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Razavi ◽  
Edward Baker
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Great Vessels ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques ◽  
Made In

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE heart started in the 1970's, over the subsequent 25 years, enormous advances have been made in both the hardware and software of magnetic resonance imaging machines so that we can now obtain fast, detailed and accurate images of the heart and great vessels. In chronological terms, therefore, we can say that cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has come of age. In this article we will highlight some of the clinical applications of different magnetic resonance imaging techniques, as well as some recent developments. We will demonstrate that, in clinical investigation of congenital heart disease, magnetic resonance imaging has truly come of age.

Nanodomains in biological membranes

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanqing Ma ◽  
Elizabeth Hinde ◽  
Katharina Gaus
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Rafts ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Lipid Raft ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Lipid Protein Interactions ◽  
High Dynamics

Lipid rafts are defined as cholesterol- and sphingomyelin-enriched membrane domains in the plasma membrane of cells that are highly dynamic and cannot be resolved with conventional light microscopy. Membrane proteins that are embedded in the phospholipid matrix can be grouped into raft and non-raft proteins based on their association with detergent-resistant membranes in biochemical assays. Selective lipid–protein interactions not only produce heterogeneity in the membrane, but also cause the spatial compartmentalization of membrane reactions. It has been proposed that lipid rafts function as platforms during cell signalling transduction processes such as T-cell activation (see Chapter 13 (pages 165–175)). It has been proposed that raft association co-localizes specific signalling proteins that may yield the formation of the observed signalling microclusters at the immunological synapses. However, because of the nanometre size and high dynamics of lipid rafts, direct observations have been technically challenging, leading to an ongoing discussion of the lipid raft model and its alternatives. Recent developments in fluorescence imaging techniques have provided new opportunities to investigate the organization of cell membranes with unprecedented spatial resolution. In this chapter, we describe the concept of the lipid raft and alternative models and how new imaging technologies have advanced these concepts.

Computational fluid dynamics in a model of the total cavopulmonary connection reconstructed using magnetic resonance images

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (S3) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Socci ◽  
Francesca Gervaso ◽  
Francesco Migliavacca ◽  
Giancarlo Pennati ◽  
Gabriele Dubini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Total Cavopulmonary Connection ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Cavopulmonary Connection

The recent developments in imaging techniques have created new opportunities to give an accurate description of the three-dimensional morphology of vessels. Such three-dimensional reconstruction of anatomical structures from medical images has achieved importance in several applications, such as the reconstruction of human bones, spine portions, and vascular districts.

Irregular Migration, Human Smuggling, and the Eastern Enlargement of the European Union

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jandl
Keyword(s):  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Human Smuggling ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eastern Enlargement ◽  
Irregular Migration ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Long Term Trends

This article examines the consequences of the latest round of EU-Enlargement in May 2004 on irregular migration across Central and Eastern Europe. Drawing on a unique collection of both quantitative and qualitative data related to irregular migration and human smuggling, the article first presents some long-term trends in irregular migration across the region before taking up more recent developments in 2003 and 2004. While border apprehensions have broadly declined since about 2000 there is ample evidence for an increasing role of human smugglers in facilitating irregular migration. In addition, there are noticeable changes in the modus operandi of human smugglers.

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