Southeast Asia

2020 ◽  
pp. 594-627
Author(s):  
Alexander Wain
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Chinese Trade ◽  
Islamic Archaeology ◽  
Early Islamic

Southeast Asia’s Islamic archaeology remains unexplored and poorly understood. A perception even persists amongst some scholars that the region does not constitute fertile ground for the archaeologist, with its high humidity destroying valuable remains. This chapter, however, demonstrates that Southeast Asia is home to a fascinating array of early Islamic artifacts. Focusing on the sites of four early Southeast Asian Islamic kingdoms, namely Barus, Lambri, Samudera-Pasai, and Brunei, this chapter considers their archaeology in the context of recent claims that Muslims from China were involved in the region’s Islamization. Consonant with conversion, the chapter demonstrates that all four locations did indeed experience a connection of some sort with China. Most notably, all the sites (except Samudera-Pasai, for which no systematic ceramic evidence is available) yielded considerable amounts of Chinese pottery, pre-modern China’s principal export item. Three of the sites, Lambri, Samudera-Pasai, and Brunei, also witnessed the utilization of numerous Chinese artistic motifs in association with their earliest Islamic artifacts. Most strikingly, however, Brunei provides strong evidence not only of a much earlier sultanate than previously suspected but also of a direct connection with the major Chinese port of Quanzhou. While continually stressing that the presence of Chinese trade items and/or cultural influences does not establish a Chinese (Muslim or otherwise) presence at the examined locations, they do demonstrate that Southeast Asia’s first Muslim kingdoms emerged within an environment suffuse with Chinese trade goods and at a time when Chinese cultural influences were being freely adopted by the local Muslim population.

scholarly journals SPATIAL REGENERATION OF MUSLIM BURIAL PRACTICES IN THE METROPOLITAN AREAS OF KUALA LUMPUR AND JAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Reza Mohamed Afla
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
Burial Practice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Full Body

This article focuses on the subject of burial practices which are performed by the Muslim population and the management at public cemeteries within the metropolitan areas of Kuala Lumpur and Jakarta. This research examines specifically, the conventional way of burial practice by the majority of the Muslim population. Unlike other major religions in Southeast Asia which are more open and flexible in the disposal of corpses, full body burial is mandatory in Islam. In response to the escalating issue of lack of space and land shortage for Muslim cemetery, local authorities of the two metropolitan areas have identified alternatives and solutions in handling these alarming situations. This research has recognised factors that lead to these problems, as well as discussing available methods to overcome these issues. The finding exhibits Muslim cemetery’s layout to be problematic due to abundance of burial practices accumulated by patrons which led to disorganisation of space and claustrophobia. This article concludes by providing proposals and design guidelines at the terrain level, together with recommendations that emphasise the long-term usage of the grave plots.

Tourist Guiding in Halal Tourism

2020 ◽  
pp. 200-216
Author(s):  
Nor Aida Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Service Experience ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

The growing interest in Halal tourism activity represents a prolific lens for scholars and practitioners in the tourism arena to study its concept, its role, and its potential to affect the sustainability of Halal tourism industry. The success of tourism industry is highly dependent on traveler experience with respect to customer service, experience, facilities, comfort, and delight. The notion of Halal tourism is connected and geared to the adoption of Islamic principles and practice in all aspect of tourism activities such as in Halal hotel, Halal restaurant, Halal spa, Halal package tour, Halal transportation, Halal warehouse, and Halal retail. Halal tourism market reached USD 181 billion in year 2018 and is expected to grow every year. The number of Muslim travelers to Southeast Asian countries has rapidly increased as Southeast Asia (SEA) is known as a dynamic environment with a total Muslim population around 240 million.

Islam in Champa and the Making of Factitious History

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN G. HAW
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Early History ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Islamic

AbstractSince their first publication in 1922, two Islamic inscriptions formed an essential basis of the early history of Islam in Champa. Recently, however, they have been shown to have originated, not from Southeast Asia, but from Tunisia. It is clear that either there was an error regarding their provenance, or it was deliberately falsified. The implications of this are discussed, and the remaining evidence of early Islamic presence in Champa is reassessed. It is suggested that there is now no good evidence of any Islamic presence there until after the sixteenth century. In relation to this issue, the maritime links between China and the Islamic world are examined, as also are other examples of possible falsification of history.

China

2020 ◽  
pp. 573-594
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Armijo
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Islamic Art ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Art Collections ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Muslim Immigrants ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Islamic Archaeology

Although the study of the archaeology of China is a well-developed field, the study of the archaeology of Islam in China, as a field, is virtually unknown. There are no books covering the topic and no articles providing an overview of the state of the field across China. There are however, a handful of scholars who have focused on specific examples of Islamic archaeology in China. The majority of this work is on the archaeological finds found in the coastal city of Quanzhou. China’s Muslim population today is conservatively estimated to be more than 23 million, and is made up of ten different ethnic minority groups. This chapter focuses on the largest group, the Hui. The study of the archaeology of Islam in China is made especially challenging for several reasons. Between the 7th and 15th centuries there were two major waves of Muslim immigrants to different regions of China, and between the 18th and 19th centuries there were several periods of violent uprisings that resulted in major Muslim communities being decimated and their mosques and monuments destroyed. In the 20th century, during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) mosques, together with all places of religious worship in China, came under systematic attack throughout the country. Given the dearth of surviving examples of early Chinese Islamic material culture, this chapter also discusses some of small Chinese Islamic art collections found within museums around the world, as well as early 20th-century photographic collections that document mosques and tombs that have not survived.

Malay: A short history

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
K. Alexander Adelaar
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
National Language ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Short History ◽  
Austronesian Language ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACTThis article follows the development of Malay from prehistorical times to the present. After a brief overview of the variety of languages in Southeast Asia and Oceania, the position of Malay within the Austronesian language family is discussed as well as the Malay homeland. The history of Malay is followed throughout its most important stages, from the period of the oldest written evidence in the late 7th century AD to the age of the Malaccan sultanate in the 15th-16th centuries, the colonial period in which Malay became the most important language in all domains of public life except in the highest echelons, and the present post-independence period in which Malay has become the national language in four states of Southeast Asia. Attention is also given to sociolinguistic differentiation, to foreign influences, to the engineering planning and manipulation of Malay in recent times and to its role as a vehicle for the spread of several religions and foreign (Indian, Mid-eastern, European) cultural influences.

Pathways to Authoritarian Rule

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Haggard ◽  
Robert R. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
Show Evidence

This chapter examines institutional weaknesses explaining reversion to autocracy, asking in particular whether the specific causal mechanisms that have been identified with the weak democracy syndrome can also be used to explain elite-reaction reversions or populist reversions. It also asks whether praetorianism, weak institutions, and economic crisis in these cases generate opportunities and incentives for military coups or incumbent backsliding. The chapter first considers a cluster of civil war African cases and compares them with Niger. It then turns to cases in South and Southeast Asia (Pakistan) and Latin America (Peru), along with European examples, and proceeds with an analysis of the cases of Burundi and Thailand, both of which show evidence of the weak democracy syndrome. It concludes with a discussion of case studies of the seizures of power in Ghana and Haiti, both of which also show strong evidence of the weak democracy syndrome.

Translating the Qurʾān into Indonesian Languages

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Riddell
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
21St Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
The Status ◽  
Early Islamic Period ◽  
Regional Languages ◽  
Early Islamic

The rendering of the Qur’anic text into other languages is a matter of considerable sensitivity and debate, given the status of the text among the community of faithful as divine speech. This article considers this issue in the context of the Malay-Indonesian world, where Islam has been firmly established since the beginning of the 14th century. Discussion initially focuses upon surviving evidence of Qur’anic materials from the early Islamic period in Southeast Asia. Attention then turns to the rendering of the Qurʾān into the Malay/Indonesian language, according to three periods up to the 21st century. The article concludes with a discussion of translation of the Qurʾān into the regional languages of Indonesia.

Islamic banking presence and economic growth in Southeast Asia

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind Lebdaoui ◽  
Joerg Wild
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Purpose The purpose of this study is to empirically assess the relationship between Islamic banking presence in Southeast Asian countries and the economic growth. Design/methodology/approach The presence of Islamic banks is measured by the ratio of Islamic to conventional banking assets as well as the ratio of deposits of Islamic to conventional banking. This study starts by checking the presence of cointegration using Pedroni’s and Westerlund’s specifications; short- and long-run dynamics are further analyzed with the panel autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL)-based estimators: pooled mean group (PMG), mean group (MG) and dynamic fixed effect (DFE). Furthermore, a two-stage regression [two-stage least squares (2SLS)] was constructed to measure the sensitivity of economic growth to the Islamic banking presence. Quarterly data from Southeast Asian countries cover the period between 2000Q1 and 2012Q4. Findings A long-run relationship is evident between economic growth and the Islamic banking presence in the selected region, but not in the short run. Furthermore, the Muslim population share in a given country plays a positive and statistically significant role in fueling the contribution of Islamic banking share in the financial sector on the economic growth. Social implications The results of this study show that Sharia-compliant banks succeeded in mobilizing additional resources for the financial sector, which may increase the stability of the banking system and the efficiency of the whole banking sector. The authors believe that the inclusion of Islamic banking products in the financial systems will, along with the diversification effect, stimulate financial deepening and, therefore, improve the financial stability in the countries under investigation in particular, and all countries with significant Muslim population in general. Originality/value This study empirically assesses the contribution of Islamic banking presence on the economic growth with a focus on Southeast Asia, as this region encompasses the most developed and experienced institutions in the field of Islamic finance. Error correction-based models such as PMG, MG and DFE lend itself to the analysis of the panel data. This study also uses the instrument-based 2SLS to cope with the endogeneity problem between the real and financial sectors.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Nurfadzilah Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Advisory Board ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Sepoy Mutiny ◽  
Legal Arbitrage

This chapter recounts how the members of the Arab diaspora attempted legal arbitrage under colonial rule. It analyses the members' expansion and modification of Islamic law, while at other times they policed the boundaries of Islamic law even as mere translators. The chapter tells the story of the surprising involvement of the outsider — the Arab diaspora — in aiding colonialists to accumulate legislative power. The pace of change from the mid-nineteenth century onward was brisk, and the Arab diaspora capitalized on it while attempting to navigate uncertainty and risk. This chapter also investigates how Arab diaspora in Southeast Asia were able to influence the shape of law to a great extent. It takes a look on how concessions to Arabs in the Straits Settlements, in the form of the Mohamedan Marriage Ordinance, and their appointments as members of the Mohamedan Advisory Board after the Sepoy Mutiny subsequently tied them more closely to the British colonial government, along with the rest of the Muslim population in the colony.

Conclusions and Comparisons to Developments in Central and Southeast Asia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. H. Denoon
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Political Incentives ◽  
The Status ◽  
Great Power Politics ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Chinese Trade ◽  
Rising Power ◽  
The U.S

The concluding chapter examines the U.S.-China relations from both economic and geopolitical perspectives in Latin America and Caribbean, and also in a broader context, namely, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean. China, as the rising power in Latin America and the Caribbean, is using economic and political incentives to explore how best to maximize its interests in a region, which is formerly dominated by the U.S. The U.S., on the other hand, as the status quo power in the region, finds low levels of Chinese trade and investment unthreatening, yet is likely to respond to China’s potential geopolitical ambitions in the region. In the broader context, great power politics is alive and well—both China and the U.S. are faced with their own domestic challenges influencing their presences in the three regions.

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