Long-term Structural Change or Cyclical Fluctuations? The 1992 Election in Dynamic Perspective

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD ROSE
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuations ◽  
Dynamic Perspective

scholarly journals Delaying future sea-level rise by storing water in Antarctica

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Frieler ◽  
M. Mengel ◽  
A. Levermann
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Ocean Water ◽  
Additional Mass ◽  
Dynamic Perspective ◽  
Primary Energy Supply ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract. Even if greenhouse gas emissions were stopped today, sea level would continue to rise for centuries, with the long-term sea-level commitment of a 2 °C warmer world significantly exceeding 2 m. In view of the potential implications for coastal populations and ecosystems worldwide, we investigate, from an ice-dynamic perspective, the possibility of delaying sea-level rise by pumping ocean water onto the surface of the Antarctic ice sheet. We find that due to wave propagation ice is discharged much faster back into the ocean than would be expected from a pure advection with surface velocities. The delay time depends strongly on the distance from the coastline at which the additional mass is placed and less strongly on the rate of sea-level rise that is mitigated. A millennium-scale storage of at least 80 % of the additional ice requires placing it at a distance of at least 700 km from the coastline. The pumping energy required to elevate the potential energy of ocean water to mitigate the currently observed 3 mm yr−1 will exceed 7 % of the current global primary energy supply. At the same time, the approach offers a comprehensive protection for entire coastlines particularly including regions that cannot be protected by dikes.

The Techno-Bureaucratic Elite and the Entrepreneurial State in Dependent Industrialization

1983 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond D. Duvall ◽  
John R. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuations ◽  
Industrialization Process ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Role

A common characteristic of dependent industrializing countries is a substantial direct entrepreneurial role for the state. One explanation for this is that in dependent industrializing countries the system of allocation and production has been captured by a key group, the techno-bureaucratic elite. The argument is that this elite lends its political support to the state, in return for the state substituting as entrepreneur in the industrialization process.In this article we analyze the theoretical implications of this explanation of the entrepreneurial state. A formal model is constructed of the relationship between state entrepreneurship, material consequences for the techno-bureaucratic elite, and important domestic and international constraints. We then use deductive methods to analyze the logic of state entrepreneurship. Among other things, we show how cyclical fluctuations in the global economy are reflected in constantly changing levels of state entrepreneurship, and we investigate the consequences of alternative kinds of dependency syndromes for histories of entrepreneurial substitution and for streams of benefits to the techno-bureaucratic elite. It is demonstrated that there is an inverse relationship between the tendencies to reach stable levels of state entrepreneurship and the long-term potential for economic growth.

Diamonds or development? A structural assessment of Botswana's forty years of success

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Hillbom
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Modern Economic Growth ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Modern Economic

ABSTRACTDue to its four decades of high long-term economic growth and democratic system, Botswana has been depicted as an exceptional success story in a region full of economic and political failures. In this article, a structural analysis is applied, and it is argued that Botswana's success should be understood as one of pre-modern growth without development. It is claimed that although the country may be a growth miracle, it has not yet experienced ‘modern economic growth’, characterised by structural change in patterns of production as well as in social and political institutions. Such analysis also offers an explanation for the duality of Botswana's economy and society, since pre-modern growth, as opposed to development, allows for significant poverty rates and extremely unequal resource and income distribution to prevail in the midst of plenty.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND TECHNOLOGICAL-FINANCIAL DEPENDENCE CYCLES: FOLLOWING THE PREBISCH FOOTPRINT

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabián Amico
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Current Account ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
Current Account Deficit ◽  
General Context ◽  
Financial Flows

ABSTRACT This text reread the contribution of Prebisch in the era of deregulated financial flows, interpreted in a more general context of demand-driven growth, with the incorporation of capital flows as significant components of external dynamics. Given that the largest economies in Latin America cannot grow driven solely by exports, then the growth of these economies will present a trend towards the trade and current account deficit that will require a net influx of capital. Under certain conditions, this dynamic can be sustainable or not, with various implications for growth. The long-term balance between imports and exports will remain crucial, as in the original Prebisch vision. However, contrary to conventional views, the effects of capital flows can be very important for a strategy to promote structural change.

scholarly journals Local government in England: evolution and long-term trends

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Parr
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Term Trends

This paper traces the history of local government in England (as opposed to the United Kingdom) since the early nineteenth century, and explores five long-term trends in its evolution. These are path dependence; the occurrence of major structural change; the phenomenon of policy reversal; the treatment of urban areas; and resistance to regional government. The author concludes that throughout the period under study, policy towards local government has exhibited a ‘pendulum effect’, with two opposing emphases operating in a sequential, rather than a simultaneous manner.

scholarly journals Jämställdhetsintegrering vid svenska universitet och högskolor. Det politiska uppdraget återspeglat i lärosätenas planer

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Jordansson ◽  
Helen Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Frame Theory ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
The Political ◽  
Work Commitment ◽  
Planned Activities

Gender Mainstreaming in Swedish Higher Education: the political directive reflected in institutional plans. The Swedish government’s latest reform of gender inequality in higher education set out to strengthen gender mainstreaming. Following this reform, the Swedish higher education institutions established gender mainstreaming plans for 2017-2019. In this article, we analyse and discuss the content of these plans, focusing on how they describe the organisation of gender mainstreaming, the understanding of gender inequality as a problem, and the planned activities to achieve gender mainstreaming. Drawing on interpretative frame theory, we identify challenges with the aims and scopes of these plans and the definitions they employ, e.g. in attempts to merge gender mainstreaming with the already on-going equal opportunity work based on the Swedish Discrimination Act. We conclude that many institutions have adopted an approach to gender mainstreaming that has the potential for transformation through long-term and sustainable cultural and structural change. To what extent the plans will be fully implemented, however, remains to be investigated, and depends on the organisation of work, commitment of leaders, and legitimacy of practitioners.

A system dynamic perspective of stop–start prevention interventions in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015-1025
Author(s):  
Véronique Roussy ◽  
Therese Riley ◽  
Charles Livingstone ◽  
Grant Russell
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
System Dynamic ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
System Behaviour ◽  
Dynamic Perspective

Abstract Time-limited prevention initiatives are frequently used to address complex and persisting public health issues, such as non-communicable diseases. This often creates issues in terms of achieving sustainable change. In this study, we use a system dynamic perspective to explore the effects of stop–start funding over system behaviour in two community-based initiatives designed to prevent chronic diseases and obesity. We conducted a qualitative exploratory study using complexity theory as an analytical lens of two Healthy Together Communities (HTCs) initiatives in Victoria, Australia. Data were generated from 20 semi-structured interviews with health promotion practitioners and managers, from community health and local government organizations. Template analysis based on properties of complex systems informed the inductive identification of system behaviour narratives across the stop–start life-course of HTCs. A central narrative of system behaviour emerged around relationships. Within it, we identified pre-existing contextual conditions and intervention design elements that influenced non-linearity of system self-organization and adaptation, and emergence of outcomes. Examples include cynicism, personal relationships and trust, and history of collaboration. Feedback loops operated between HTCs and these conditions, in a way that could influence long-term system behaviour. Taking a dynamic life-course view of system behaviour helps understand the pre-existing contextual factors, design and implementation influences, and feedback loops which shape the long-term legacy of short-lived interventions aimed at solving complex issues. In turn, greater awareness of such interactions can inform better design and implementation of community-based interventions.

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