CHARACTERISTICS OF ANEMIA AND IRON STATUS AND THEIR ASSOCIATIONS WITH BLOOD MANGANESE AND LEAD AMONG CHILDREN AGED FROM 3 TO 19 YEARS OLD FROM FOUR NORTHERN FIRST NATION COMMUNITIES IN QUEBEC

Abstract BACKGROUND Prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency (ID) are higher among indigenous children in Canada, although few data are available in Quebec. Iron is metal that interact with the absorption of manganese (Mn) and Lead (Pb) cobalt (Co). ID is known to upregulate these metals, thereby increasing their absorption, concentration inside the body and their toxicity. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the present study are to: (i) Characterize ID and anemia prevalence and their protective/risk factors; and (ii) Study associations between blood Mn, Pb and iron status biomarkers. DESIGN/METHODS Data from The 2015 First Nation Youth Health and Environment Pilot Study was conducted among children (3 to 19 y, n = 198) from four First Nations communities in Quebec will be used in these study where, blood samples and anthropometric measures were collected, hemoglobin was measured on site using an Hemocue analyser. Protective/risk factors including education, food security, housing conditions and lifestyle and dietary habits were documented using interview-administered questionnaire to children’ parents. Serum ferritin and blood Pb, Mn, Co, Zn and Ca were measured by Modular P analyser and ICPMS. Descriptive and multiple regression statistical analyses adjusting for relevant co-variables were used. RESULTS Results showed ID and anemia prevalence of 20.7% and 17.6% respectively, among which 8.8% presented iron deficiency anemia. Moreover, up to 11.9% had elevated blood Mn (median = 15.9 µg/L, range 7.1 to 31.9 µg/L) of which 27.5% presented ID. However, blood Pb was low (median = 5.4 µg/L, range 1.8 to 50.8 µg/L). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that crystal juice intake was associated with lower ID and anemia (OR (95%): 0.50 (0.30 - 0.82) and 0.47 (0.26 - 0.87) respectively) in girls. Likewise, the presence of hunter in the household was associated with lower anemia in girls (0.09 (0.02 - 0.53)). No factors were associated with ID in boys, and for anemia, lower serum ferritin and older age was associated with higher prevalence of anemia (1.08 (1.01 - 1.14) and 1.23 (1.02 - 1.48) respectively). In adjusted models, blood Mn was negatively associated with serum ferritin concentrations (ß = -0.05; p < 0.02) in girls and positively associated with blood Co (ß = 8.50; p < 0.01) in boys. CONCLUSION Findings on high prevalence of ID, anemia and elevated blood Mn among children form these First Nation communities support that, community and family activities increasing traditional foods consumption improve nutritional status and suggest that foods and beverages naturally rich in vitamin C - but lower in added sugar than crystal juice - would improve iron intake in girls, which would contribute to improve their iron status, decrease anemia and restore normal Mn blood levels.

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Impaired Hematological Status Increases the Risk of Mortality among HIV-Infected Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Tanzania

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxaa172 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 150 (9) ◽

pp. 2375-2382

Author(s):

Ramadhani A Noor ◽

Ajibola I Abioye ◽

Ellen Hertzmark ◽

Anne M Darling ◽

Said Aboud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Iron Status ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Severe Anemia ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia ◽

Iron Concentrations

ABSTRACT Background Hematological status may predict HIV disease progression and mortality among adults initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Objectives We aimed to examine the relation of anemia and iron status at HAART initiation with survival and morbidity outcomes. Methods We conducted a case-cohort study of 570 HIV-infected adults initiating HAART who were enrolled in a trial of multivitamins in Tanzania. Hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and hepcidin concentrations were assessed at HAART initiation and participants were followed up monthly. We adjusted serum ferritin for inflammation using a regression correction method to characterize hematological status. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HRs for mortality and incident clinical outcomes. Results We found an 83% prevalence of anemia, 15% prevalence of iron deficiency anemia, and 66% prevalence of anemia of chronic diseases (ACD). The prevalence of elevated iron was 33% and 19% had iron deficiency (ID). After multivariate adjustment, severe anemia (HR: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.49, 4.45) and ACD (HR: 4.71; 95% CI: 2.91, 7.62) were associated with increased risk of mortality as compared with nonanemic participants. In addition, both ID (HR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.08, 7.78) and elevated iron (HR: 2.83; 95% CI: 2.10, 3.82) were associated with increased risk of mortality as compared with normal iron concentrations. Severe anemia and elevated iron concentrations were associated with incident wasting and >10% weight loss (P values <0.05). Conclusions Anemia and both ID and elevated iron were associated with increased mortality among HIV-infected adults initiating HAART. Safety and efficacy studies including anemia etiology, timing of HAART initiation, and dose of iron supplementation among HIV patients appear warranted. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00383669.

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Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Anemic Patients: A Hospital Based Study

Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/jucms.v6i2.22494 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 41-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Satyendra Kumar Mishra ◽

Surendra Marasini ◽

Badri Kumar Gupta ◽

Krishna Kumar Agrawal ◽

Narayan Gautam

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Iron Status ◽

Macrocytic Anemia ◽

High Rate ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Peripheral Smear ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Detailed Medical History

Introduction: In developing countries like Nepal, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the major concern. The high rate incidence has been related to insufficient iron intake, accompanied by chronic intestinal blood loss due to parasitic and malarial infections. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of IDA in anemic patients of Universal College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital (UCMS-TH), South Western region, Nepal. Material and Method It was a hospital based cross sectional study comprised of 100 anemic patients. Their detailed medical history and lab investigations, focusing on hematological parameters were documented. Peripheral smear examination and serum ferritin estimation were done to observe red cell morphology and iron status respectively. Results: This study revealed that out of 100 anemic patients, 35% were that of IDA. The most affected age group was 21-40 years with frequency 42.55%. IDA was more common in females (42.85%) than in male (21.62%). Out of 100 anemic patients, microcytic hypochromic anemia was predominant in 47% followed by macrocytic anemia (31%) and then normocytic normochromic anemia (22%). Out of 47 microcytic hypochromic anemic patients, 12 had normal serum ferritin. There was a statistical significant difference in Hb (p=0.011), MCV (p=0.0001), MCH (p=0.0001), MCHC (p=0.0001) and serum ferritin (p=0.0001) among all types of anemia. There was a statistical significant positive correlation of ferritin with Hemoglobin (0.257, p= 0.01), MCV (0.772, p= 0.0001), MCH (0.741, p=0.0001) and MCHC (0.494, p=0.0001). Conclusion: The peripheral smear in conjunction with serum ferritin estimation needs to be included for susceptible individuals to screen the IDA and other types of anemia.

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Evaluation of the iron status of a population

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v48.3.449.449 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 449-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 293

Author(s):

JD Cook ◽

CA Finch ◽

NJ Smith

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Iron Status ◽

Transferrin Saturation ◽

Red Cell ◽

Adult Males ◽

Packed Red Blood Cells ◽

Iron Deficient ◽

Menstruating Women ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract The iron status of a population of 1564 subjects living in the northwestern United States was evaluated by measurements of transferrin saturation, red cell protoporphyrin, and serum ferritin. The frequency distribution of these parameters showed no distinct separation between normal and iron-deficient subjects. When only one of these three parameters was abnormal (transferrin saturation below 15%, red cell protoporphyrin above 100 mug/ml packed red blood cells, serum ferritin below 12 ng/ml), the prevalence of anemia was only slightly greater (10.9%) than in the entire sample (8.3%). The prevalence of anemia was increased to 28% in individuals with two or more abnormal parameters, and to 63% when all three parameters were abnormal. As defined by the presence of at least two abnormal parameters, the prevalence of iron deficiency in various populations separated on the basis of age and sex ranged from 3% in adolescent and adult males to 20% in menstruating women. It is concluded that the accuracy of detecting iron deficiency in population surveys can be substantially improved by employing a battery of laboratory measurements of the iron status.

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Latent iron deficiency at birth influences auditory neural maturation in late preterm and term infants

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.3945/ajcn.115.113084 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 102 (5) ◽

pp. 1030-1034 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Vivek Choudhury ◽

Sanjiv B Amin ◽

Asha Agarwal ◽

LM Srivastava ◽

Arun Soni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Iron Status ◽

In Utero ◽

Late Preterm ◽

Term Infants ◽

Latent Iron Deficiency ◽

Neural Maturation

ABSTRACT Background: In utero latent iron deficiency has been associated with abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes during childhood. Its concomitant effect on auditory neural maturation has not been well studied in late preterm and term infants. Objective: The objective was to determine whether in utero iron status is associated with auditory neural maturation in late preterm and term infants. Design: This prospective cohort study was performed at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India. Infants with a gestational age ≥34 wk were eligible unless they met the exclusion criteria: craniofacial anomalies, chromosomal disorders, hemolytic disease, multiple gestation, third-trimester maternal infection, chorioamnionitis, toxoplasmosis, other infections, rubella, cytomegalovirus infection, and herpes simplex virus infections (TORCH), Apgar score <5 at 5 min, sepsis, cord blood not collected, or auditory evaluation unable to be performed. Sixty consecutive infants with risk factors for iron deficiency, such as small for gestational age and maternal diabetes, and 30 without risk factors for iron deficiency were enrolled. Absolute wave latencies and interpeak latencies, evaluated by auditory brainstem response within 48 h after birth, were measured and compared between infants with latent iron deficiency (serum ferritin ≤75 ng/mL) and infants with normal iron status (serum ferritin >75 ng/mL) at birth. Results: Twenty-three infants had latent iron deficiency. Infants with latent iron deficiency had significantly prolonged wave V latencies (7.10 ± 0.68 compared with 6.60 ± 0.66), III–V interpeak latencies (2.37 ± 0.64 compared with 2.07 ± 0.33), and I–V interpeak latencies (5.10 ± 0.57 compared with 4.72 ± 0.56) compared with infants with normal iron status (P < 0.05). This difference remained significant on regression analyses after control for confounders. No difference was noted between latencies I and III and interpeak latencies I–III. Conclusion: Latent iron deficiency is associated with abnormal auditory neural maturation in infants at ≥34 wk gestational age. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02503397.

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Relationship Between Iron Indices and Iron Responsiveness Following IV Ferumoxytol or Oral Iron In Patients with CKD Not on Dialysis

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v116.21.5149.5149 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 116 (21) ◽

pp. 5149-5149

Author(s):

John Adamson ◽

Zhu Li ◽

Paul Miller ◽

Annamaria Kausz

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Iron Status ◽

Oral Iron ◽

Iron Therapy ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Functional Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Stores ◽

Iv Iron ◽

Definition Of

Abstract Abstract 5149 BACKGROUND Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is associated with reduced physical functioning, cardiovascular disease, and poor quality of life. The measurement of body iron stores is essential to the management of IDA, and the indices most commonly used to assess iron status are transferrin saturation (TSAT) and serum ferritin. Unfortunately, serum ferritin is not a reliable indicator of iron status, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), because it is an acute phase reactant and may be elevated in patients with iron deficiency in the presence of inflammation. Recent clinical trials have shown that patients with iron indices above a strict definition of iron deficiency (TSAT >15%, serum ferritin >100 ng/mL), do have a significant increase in hemoglobin (Hgb) when treated with iron. These results are consistent with recent changes to the National Cancer Comprehensive Network (NCCN) guidelines, which have expanded the definition of functional iron deficiency (relative iron deficiency) to include a serum ferritin <800 ng/mL; previously, the serum ferritin threshold was <300 ng/mL. Additionally, for patients who meet this expanded definition of functional iron deficiency (TSAT <20%, ferritin <800 ng/mL), it is now recommended that iron replacement therapy be considered in addition to erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy. Ferumoxytol (Feraheme®) Injection, a novel IV iron therapeutic agent, is indicated for the treatment of IDA in adult patients with CKD. Ferumoxytol is composed of an iron oxide with a unique carbohydrate coating (polyglucose sorbitol carboxymethylether), is isotonic, has a neutral pH, and evidence of lower free iron than other IV irons. Ferumoxytol is administered as two IV injections of 510 mg (17 mL) 3 to 8 days apart for a total cumulative dose of 1.02 g; each IV injection can be administered at a rate up to 1 mL/sec, allowing for administration of a 510 mg dose in less than 1 minute. METHODS Data were combined from 2 identically designed and executed Phase III randomized, active-controlled, open-label studies conducted in 606 patients with CKD stages 1–5 not on dialysis. Patients were randomly assigned in a 3:1 ratio to receive a course of either 1.02 g IV ferumoxytol (n=453) administered as 2 doses of 510 mg each within 5±3 days or 200 mg of oral elemental iron (n=153) daily for 21 days. The main IDA inclusion criteria included a Hgb ≤11.0 g/dL, TSAT ≤30%, and serum ferritin ≤600 ng/mL. The mean baseline Hgb was approximately 10 g/dL, and ESAs were use by approximately 40% of patients. To further evaluate the relationship between baseline markers of iron stores and response to iron therapy, data from these trials were summarized by baseline TSAT and serum ferritin levels. RESULTS Overall, results from these two pooled trials show that ferumoxytol resulted in a statistically significant greater mean increase in Hgb relative to oral iron. When evaluated across the baseline iron indices examined, statistically significant (p<0.05) increases in Hgb at Day 35 were observed following ferumoxytol administration, even for subjects with baseline iron indices above levels traditionally used to define iron deficiency. Additionally, at each level of baseline iron indices, ferumoxytol produced a larger change in Hgb relative to oral iron. These data suggest that patients with CKD not on dialysis with a wide range of iron indices at baseline respond to IV iron therapy with an increase in Hgb. Additionally, ferumoxytol consistently resulted in larger increases in Hgb relative to oral iron across all levels of baseline iron indices examined. Disclosures: Adamson: VA Medical Center MC 111E: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Li:AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Miller:AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Kausz:AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment.

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Effect of Maternal Iron Deficiency Anemia on the Iron Store of Newborns in Ethiopia

Anemia ◽

10.1155/2015/808204 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Betelihem Terefe ◽

Asaye Birhanu ◽

Paulos Nigussie ◽

Aster Tsegaye

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Iron Status ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Iron Store ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Iron Deficient

Iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women is a widespread problem in developing countries including Ethiopia, though its influence on neonatal iron status was inconsistently reported in literature. This cross-sectional study was conducted to compare hematologic profiles and iron status of newborns from mothers with different anemia status and determine correlation between maternal and neonatal hematologic profiles and iron status in Ethiopian context. We included 89 mothers and their respective newborns and performed complete blood count and assessed serum ferritin and C-reactive protein levels from blood samples collected from study participants. Maternal median hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were 12.2 g/dL and 47.0 ng/mL, respectively. The median hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels for the newborns were 16.2 g/dL and 187.6 ng/mL, respectively. The mothers were classified into two groups based on hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels as iron deficient anemic (IDA) and nonanemic (NA) and newborns of IDA mothers had significantly lower levels of serum ferritin (P=0.017) and hemoglobin concentration (P=0.024). Besides, newborns’ ferritin and hemoglobin levels showed significant correlation with maternal hemoglobin (P=0.018;P=0.039) and ferritin (P=0.000;P=0.008) levels. We concluded that maternal IDA may have an effect on the iron stores of newborns.

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Scoping into Non Iron Deficiency Anemia: Reflection from the Rural India

10.1101/2021.02.10.21251472 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Somen Saha ◽

Tapasvi Puwar ◽

Deepak Saxena ◽

Komal Shah ◽

Apurva kumar Pandya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Iron Status ◽

Treatment Protocol ◽

Haemoglobin Concentration ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Iron Storage ◽

Iron Deficient ◽

Postnatal Women ◽

Automated Immunoassay

AbstractIntroductionAnaemia is one of the leading public health problems. India accounts for the highest prevalence of anaemia in the world. Anaemia programs in India focus on screening and management of anaemia based on haemoglobin estimation, treatment is being given irrespective of status of iron as well as other micronutrient storage. The present study assesses the prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency (ID) based on low serum ferritin status among antenatal and postnatal women in Devbhoomi Dwarka District of Gujarat.MethodsA total of 258 pregnant (AN) and postnatal (PN) women drawn from 27 primary health centres were studied. Anaemia was evaluated based on haemoglobin concentration obtained from venous whole blood, using auto-analyser. Serum ferritin was used to evaluate iron status in the study. Serum ferritin was assessed using the direct chemiluminescence method using MINI VIDAS which is a compact automated immunoassay system based on the Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) principles.ResultsOverall, Anaemia (low Hb) and ID (low s. ferritin) was observed in 65.9% and 27.1% respectively. Out of anaemic participants, about 38.2% reported ID while the remaining 61.8% had normal s. ferritin (i.e. non-iron deficient anaemia). Anaemia was reported 69.1% in AN women and 57.1% in PN women. The ID was reported higher (30.9%) in AN woman than PN women (17.1%). However, the prevalence of anaemia, as well as IDA decreased from the first to the third trimester.ConclusionTwo out of every three women were anaemic; one out of four were anaemic with depleted iron storage. Importantly, two out of five women had anaemia but iron storage was sufficient. Strategy to prevent and correct anaemia must include screening for iron and non-iron deficiency anaemia and follow appropriate treatment protocol for both types of anaemia.

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Limited value of routine iron studies prior to initiation of erythropoietin therapy in patients with ovarian cancer

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.19677 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽

pp. 19677-19677

Author(s):

G. Riebandt ◽

S. A. South ◽

K. Odunsi ◽

S. Lele ◽

K. Rodabaugh

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Iron Status ◽

Ferritin Level ◽

The Body ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Functional Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficient

19677 Background: Anemia is a common consequence of cancer which significantly impacts patient quality of life. The mainstay of treatment for cancer- and chemotherapy-related anemia is erythropoietin therapy. However, approximately 30% to 50% of patients will not respond to these growth factors. The literature attributes this lack of response to functional iron deficiency, when iron stores are normal but the body cannot meet the increased rate of erythropoiesis. We evaluated the iron status of patients with ovarian malignancies receiving chemotherapy and erythropoietin therapy to establish a baseline for implementation of an intervention service. Methods: After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval, we identified 55 ovarian cancer patients receiving erythropoietin therapy from January to December 2005. We then performed a retrospective chart review for patients who had iron studies available. Results: Thirty-four patients had complete iron studies performed, while an additional 10 had only a ferritin level obtained. The mean hemoglobin for all patients was 9.9g/dl (6.9–13.1) with a mean MCV (mean corpuscular volume) of 92.7fl. Four (12%) patients were iron deficient based on ferritin <100ng/ml and iron saturation <20%. However, these patients had normal MCVs, indicating iron deficiency was not the etiology of their anemia. A few patients were assessed for B12 and folate deficiency, but none were identified. Interestingly, we had 22 patients with elevated ferritin levels (greater than 322ng/ml), with the highest being 2178ng/ml. Conclusions: Our results identified a few patients who were iron deficient, but none were diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. Therefore, the role of routine iron screening in patients with a normal MCV prior to initiation of erythropoietin therapy is in question. We believe that functional iron deficiency may contribute to anemia in our population. Therefore, we suggest that all patients receive iron supplementation at erythropoietin therapy initiation. We plan to prospectively assess the optimal route of iron administration in ovarian cancer patients in order to improve the response rate to erythropoietic growth factors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Molar ratios of dietary phytate to minerals and iron status of female residential students in University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Nutrition and Health ◽

10.1177/0260106021991633 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026010602199163

Author(s):

Marjia Sultana ◽

Towhid Hasan ◽

Nazma Shaheen

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Iron Status ◽

Female Students ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Residential Students ◽

Zinc Intake ◽

Ferritin Concentration ◽

Molar Ratios

Background: Female undergraduate students may undergo many health implications due to the transition from secondary to undergraduate level. Aim: The study was aimed to assess molar ratios of phytate to minerals (calcium, zinc, and iron) in the diets, and to measure the iron status of resident female students at Dhaka University. Methods: In total, 180 female students between 18–26 years of age from 3 dormitories of Dhaka University were selected for the study. Dietary intake information was collected over three consecutive days. Multiple-Pass 24-hour recall. Blood hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were analyzed for sub-sample (20 participants from each dormitory). Results: The mean dietary intake of phytate, calcium, zinc, and iron were estimated at 347.11, 181.04, 6.59, and 7.14 mg/day, and hemoglobin and serum ferritin at 11.34 g/dl, and 18.48 ng/ml, respectively. The respective molar ratios of phytate: calcium, phytate: zinc, phytate: iron and phytate × calcium: zinc were 0.13, 5.27, 4.20, and 21.26 in the diet of the respondents. The prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia among the respondents was found to be 51.7%, 48.4%, and 28.3%, respectively. Linear regression analysis showed that only zinc intake had positive association with hemoglobin, while iron and zinc intake had a significant positive, and phytate:iron molar ratio had a significant negative association with serum ferritin concentration ( p < 0.05). After adjusting all significant determinants of serum ferritin, no predictors have found significant. Conclusions: Larger and more specific research is needed to clearly understand the mechanism behind anemia and iron deficiency among female residential students.

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A comparative study on selected iron status assessment assays among secondary school students in Bauchi State, Nigeria

Annals of African Medical Research ◽

10.4081/aamr.2018.20 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rufai A. Dachi ◽

Sani Awwalu ◽

Aliyu D. Waziri ◽

Kasim M. Pindiga ◽

Usman M. Abjah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Secondary School ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Secondary School Students ◽

Iron Status ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Red Cell ◽

School Students ◽

Red Cell Indices

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common form of anemia worldwide, with highest burden in developing countries. The assays used in detecting iron deficiency comprise of red blood cell indices such as Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin and Mean Corpuscular Volume, serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (STfR) and STfRL-index. Each of these assessment tools has its drawback(s). This study was conducted to assess IDA diagnostic inter-rater agreements between red cell indices, serum ferritin, STfR and STfLF-Index. A cross sectional descriptive study using systematic random sampling of eligible secondary school students in Misau LGA, Bauchi State, Nigeria. Complete Blood Count with cellular indices, serum ferritin and STfR assays were conducted. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Proportions were compared using Z-tests of proportions. Cohen’s Un-weighted kappa analyses were used to assess pairwise agreements in the ability of STfLF-Index, serum ferritin, STfR and red cell indices to classify participants into IDA and non-IDA. Level of significance was set at P≤0.05. A total of 210 participants were enrolled in the study with females constituting 153 (72.9%). STfLF-Index, STfR, serum ferritin levels and red cell indices revealed that 130/210 (61.9%), 160/210(76.2%), 7/210 (3.3%) and 112/210 (53.3%) respectively had iron deficiency. STfR revealed a significantly higher percentage of students with iron deficiency compared to serum ferritin, STfLF-Index and red cell indices. Assessment of iron deficiency showed concurrence between STfR and STfLF-Index. STfR and STfLF-Index have similar ability in classifying iron status.

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