scholarly journals FLUCTUATING-LIGHT-ACCLIMATION PROTEIN1, Conserved in Oxygenic Phototrophs, Regulates H+ Homeostasis and Non-Photochemical Quenching in Chloroplasts

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1622-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoichi Sato ◽  
Masaru Kono ◽  
Kyohei Harada ◽  
Hiroyuki Ohta ◽  
Shinichi Takaichi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Acclimation ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Fluctuating Light ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Oxygenic Phototrophs

scholarly journals Growth under Fluctuating Light Reveals Large Trait Variation in a Panel of Arabidopsis Accessions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Kaiser ◽  
Dirk Walther ◽  
Ute Armbruster
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Fluctuating Light ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

The capacity of photoautotrophs to fix carbon depends on the efficiency of the conversion of light energy into chemical potential by photosynthesis. In nature, light input into photosynthesis can change very rapidly and dramatically. To analyze how genetic variation in Arabidopsis thaliana affects photosynthesis and growth under dynamic light conditions, 36 randomly chosen natural accessions were grown under uniform and fluctuating light intensities. After 14 days of growth under uniform or fluctuating light regimes, maximum photosystem II quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) was determined, photosystem II operating efficiency (ΦPSII) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were measured in low light, and projected leaf area (PLA) as well as the number of visible leaves were estimated. Our data show that ΦPSII and PLA were decreased and NPQ was increased, while Fv/Fm and number of visible leaves were unaffected, in most accessions grown under fluctuating compared to uniform light. There were large changes between accessions for most of these parameters, which, however, were not correlated with genomic variation. Fast growing accessions under uniform light showed the largest growth reductions under fluctuating light, which correlated strongly with a reduction in ΦPSII, suggesting that, under fluctuating light, photosynthesis controls growth and not vice versa.

Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP): A Key Player in Non-photochemical Quenching of Cyanobacteria under Fluctuating Light Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Yogesh Mishra ◽  
Akanksha Srivastava ◽  
Atul Tiwari ◽  
Raju Mondal ◽  
Sandhya Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Form ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Terminal Domain ◽  
Fluctuating Light ◽  
Orange Carotenoid Protein ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

Fluctuating light condition poses major threat to photosynthetic organisms by evoking the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To endure the high irradiance level, plants and algae have evolved a photo-protective mechanism, referred as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). This mechanism concerns with minimizing arrival of the excess excitation energy on reaction centers by dissipating surplus energy in form of harmless heat. Earlier cyanobacteria were not considered to capable of performing NPQ. Alternatively, state transition was supposed to be the major means that cyanobacteria preferably carried out to be protected under high light. Recently it was substantiated with evidence that these organisms can execute NPQ as a prominent photo-protective strategy. NPQ in cyanobacteria is mediated by a water soluble orange carotenoid protein (OCP) which is structurally and functionally modular. OCP consists of two domains (i) N-terminal domain (NTD) and (ii) C-terminal domain (CTD) with a single carotenoid as a chromophore spanning symmetrically in both domains. Blue-green or strong white light induces conversion of OCP from an inactive orange state (OCPO) to active red state (OCPR). Active form of OCP (OCPR) binds to core of light harvesting antenna complex, phycobilisome (PBS), where it quenches fluorescence and assists in dissipation of excess energy by non-radiative pathway. Prior to prevent wasteful quenching of fluorescence under light starvation, another protein named fluorescence recovery protein (FRP) partakes in decoupling OCPR from PBS and accelerates conversion of OCPR state back to OCPO state.

scholarly journals Non-photochemical Quenching Plays a Key Role in Light Acclimation of Rice Plants Differing in Leaf Color

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Zhao ◽  
Tingting Chen ◽  
Baohua Feng ◽  
Caixia Zhang ◽  
Shaobing Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Acclimation ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

scholarly journals Resolving the dynamics of photosynthetically produced ROS by high-resolution monitoring of chloroplastic EGSH in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Haber ◽  
Shilo Rosenwasser
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Fluctuating Light ◽  
Light Darkness ◽  
Oxidant Production ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Glutathione Redox

AbstractPlants are naturally subjected to fluctuations in light intensity, causing unbalanced photosynthetic electron fluxes and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While high rates of ROS production are harmful, moderate levels play a signaling role, coordinating photosynthetic activity and downstream metabolism. Here, we explore the dynamics of light-dependent oxidant production by high-temporal-resolution monitoring of chloroplastic glutathione redox potential (chl-EGSH) using chloroplast-targeted-roGFP2-expressing Arabidopsis lines, over several days, under dynamic environmental conditions and in correlation with PSII operating efficiency. Peaks in chl-EGSH oxidation during light-darkness transitions, when light harvesting is not balanced with downstream metabolism, were observed. Increasing light intensities triggered a binary oxidation response, with a threshold around the light saturating point, pointing for two regulated oxidative states of the chl-EGSH. These patterns were not affected in npq1 plants which are impaired in non-photochemical quenching. Frequency-dependent oscillations between the two oxidation states were observed under fluctuating light in WT and npq1 plants, but not in pgr5 plants, suggesting a role for PSI photoinhibition in regulation of oxidant production. Remarkably, pgr5 plants showed an increase in chl-EGSH oxidation during the nights following light stresses, linking between day photoinhibition and night redox metabolism. This work provides a comprehensive view on the balance between photosynthesis-dependent ROS production and antioxidant activity during light acclimation.

scholarly journals NTRC Effects on Non-Photochemical Quenching Depends on PGR5

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Belen Naranjo ◽  
Jan-Ferdinand Penzler ◽  
Thilo Rühle ◽  
Dario Leister
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Fluctuating Light ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Transient And Steady State

Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) protects plants from the detrimental effects of excess light. NPQ is rapidly induced by the trans-thylakoid proton gradient during photosynthesis, which in turn requires PGR5/PGRL1-dependent cyclic electron flow (CEF). Thus, Arabidopsis thaliana plants lacking either protein cannot induce transient NPQ and die under fluctuating light conditions. Conversely, the NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC) is required for efficient energy utilization and plant growth, and in its absence, transient and steady-state NPQ is drastically increased. How NTRC influences NPQ and functionally interacts with CEF is unclear. Therefore, we generated the A. thaliana line pgr5 ntrc, and found that the inactivation of PGR5 suppresses the high transient and steady-state NPQ and impaired growth phenotypes observed in the ntrc mutant under short-day conditions. This implies that NTRC negatively influences PGR5 activity and, accordingly, the lack of NTRC is associated with decreased levels of PGR5, possibly pointing to a mechanism to restrict upregulation of PGR5 activity in the absence of NTRC. When exposed to high light intensities, pgr5 ntrc plants display extremely impaired photosynthesis and growth, indicating additive effects of lack of both proteins. Taken together, these findings suggest that the interplay between NTRC and PGR5 is relevant for photoprotection and that NTRC might regulate PGR5 activity.

Light Absorption and Partitioning in Response to Nitrogen in Apple Leaves

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 541a-541
Author(s):  
Lailiang Cheng ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami ◽  
Patrick J. Breen
Keyword(s):  
High Light ◽  
Thermal Dissipation ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Psii Efficiency ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Free Radical Formation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Leaf N

Bench-grafted Fuji/M26 apple trees were fertigated with different concentrations of nitrogen by using a modified Hoagland solution for 6 weeks, resulting in a range of leaf N from 1.0 to 4.3 g·m–2. Over this range, leaf absorptance increased curvilinearly from 75% to 92.5%. Under high light conditions (1500 (mol·m–2·s–1), the amount of absorbed light in excess of that required to saturate CO2 assimilation decreased with increasing leaf N. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements revealed that the maximum photosystem II (PSII) efficiency of dark-adapted leaves was relatively constant over the leaf N range except for a slight drop at the lower end. As leaf N increased, non-photochemical quenching under high light declined and there was a corresponding increase in the efficiency with which the absorbed photons were delivered to open PSII centers. Photochemical quenching coefficient decreased significantly at the lower end of the leaf N range. Actual PSII efficiency increased curvilinearly with increasing leaf N, and was highly correlated with light-saturated CO2 assimilation. The fraction of absorbed light potentially used for free radical formation was estimated to be about 10% regardless of the leaf N status. It was concluded that increased thermal dissipation protected leaves from photo-oxidation as leaf N declined.

scholarly journals Gradual Response of Cyanobacterial Thylakoids to Acute High-Light Stress—Importance of Carotenoid Accumulation

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1916
Author(s):  
Myriam Canonico ◽  
Grzegorz Konert ◽  
Aurélie Crepin ◽  
Barbora Šedivá ◽  
Radek Kaňa
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Thylakoid Membrane ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
High Light ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

Light plays an essential role in photosynthesis; however, its excess can cause damage to cellular components. Photosynthetic organisms thus developed a set of photoprotective mechanisms (e.g., non-photochemical quenching, photoinhibition) that can be studied by a classic biochemical and biophysical methods in cell suspension. Here, we combined these bulk methods with single-cell identification of microdomains in thylakoid membrane during high-light (HL) stress. We used Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells with YFP tagged photosystem I. The single-cell data pointed to a three-phase response of cells to acute HL stress. We defined: (1) fast response phase (0–30 min), (2) intermediate phase (30–120 min), and (3) slow acclimation phase (120–360 min). During the first phase, cyanobacterial cells activated photoprotective mechanisms such as photoinhibition and non-photochemical quenching. Later on (during the second phase), we temporarily observed functional decoupling of phycobilisomes and sustained monomerization of photosystem II dimer. Simultaneously, cells also initiated accumulation of carotenoids, especially ɣ–carotene, the main precursor of all carotenoids. In the last phase, in addition to ɣ-carotene, we also observed accumulation of myxoxanthophyll and more even spatial distribution of photosystems and phycobilisomes between microdomains. We suggest that the overall carotenoid increase during HL stress could be involved either in the direct photoprotection (e.g., in ROS scavenging) and/or could play an additional role in maintaining optimal distribution of photosystems in thylakoid membrane to attain efficient photoprotection.

scholarly journals The Role of Acidic Residues in the C Terminal Tail of the LHCSR3 Protein of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in Non-Photochemical Quenching

2021 ◽  
pp. 6895-6900
Author(s):  
Franco V. A. Camargo ◽  
Federico Perozeni ◽  
Gabriel de la Cruz Valbuena ◽  
Luca Zuliani ◽  
Samim Sardar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Acidic Residues ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

scholarly journals Effects of iron limitation on carbon balance and photophysiology of the Antarctic diatom Chaetoceros cf. simplex

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Bozzato ◽  
Torsten Jakob ◽  
Christian Wilhelm ◽  
Scarlett Trimborn
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Gross Photosynthesis ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Carbon Pump ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Biological Carbon Pump

AbstractIn the Southern Ocean (SO), iron (Fe) limitation strongly inhibits phytoplankton growth and generally decreases their primary productivity. Diatoms are a key component in the carbon (C) cycle, by taking up large amounts of anthropogenic CO2 through the biological carbon pump. In this study, we investigated the effects of Fe availability (no Fe and 4 nM FeCl3 addition) on the physiology of Chaetoceros cf. simplex, an ecologically relevant SO diatom. Our results are the first combining oxygen evolution and uptake rates with particulate organic carbon (POC) build up, pigments, photophysiological parameters and intracellular trace metal (TM) quotas in an Fe-deficient Antarctic diatom. Decreases in both oxygen evolution (through photosynthesis, P) and uptake (respiration, R) coincided with a lowered growth rate of Fe-deficient cells. In addition, cells displayed reduced electron transport rates (ETR) and chlorophyll a (Chla) content, resulting in reduced cellular POC formation. Interestingly, no differences were observed in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) or in the ratio of gross photosynthesis to respiration (GP:R). Furthermore, TM quotas were measured, which represent an important and rarely quantified parameter in previous studies. Cellular quotas of manganese, zinc, cobalt and copper remained unchanged while Fe quotas of Fe-deficient cells were reduced by 60% compared with High Fe cells. Based on our data, Fe-deficient Chaetoceros cf. simplex cells were able to efficiently acclimate to low Fe conditions, reducing their intracellular Fe concentrations, the number of functional reaction centers of photosystem II (RCII) and photosynthetic rates, thus avoiding light absorption rather than dissipating the energy through NPQ. Our results demonstrate how Chaetoceros cf. simplex can adapt their physiology to lowered assimilatory metabolism by decreasing respiratory losses.

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