Prevalence, Characteristics, and Management of Chronic Noncancer Pain Among People Who Use Drugs: A Cross-Sectional Study

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3205-3214
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Kaboré ◽  
Lise Dassieu ◽  
Élise Roy ◽  
Didier Jutras-Aswad ◽  
Julie Bruneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pain Medication ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Noncancer Pain ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Noncancer Pain

Abstract Introduction Most studies on chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) in people who use drugs (PWUD) are restricted to people attending substance use disorder treatment programs. This study assessed the prevalence of CNCP in a community-based sample of PWUD, identified factors associated with pain, and documented strategies used for pain relief. Methods This was a cross-sectional study nested in an ongoing cohort of PWUD in Montreal, Canada. Questionnaires were administered to PWUD seen between February 2017 and January 2018. CNCP was defined as pain lasting three or more months and not associated with cancer. Results A total of 417 PWUD were included (mean age = 44.6 ± 10.6 years, 84% men). The prevalence of CNCP was 44.8%, and the median pain duration (interquartile range) was 12 (5–18) years. The presence of CNCP was associated with older age (>45 years old; odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.2–2.7), male sex (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.2–4.2), poor health condition (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.3–3.0), moderate to severe psychological distress (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.8–4.7), and less frequent cocaine use (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3–0.9). Among CNCP participants, 20.3% used pain medication from other people, whereas 22.5% used alcohol, cannabis, or illicit drugs to relieve pain. Among those who asked for pain medication (N = 24), 29.2% faced a refusal from the doctor. Conclusions CNCP was common among PWUD, and a good proportion of them used substances other than prescribed pain medication to relieve pain. Close collaboration of pain and addiction specialists as well as better pain assessment and access to nonpharmacological treatments could improve pain management in PWUD.

scholarly journals Long-term use of opioids in 210 officially registered patients with chronic noncancer pain in Taiwan: A cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tso-Chou Lin ◽  
Luo-Ping Ger ◽  
Joseph V. Pergolizzi ◽  
Robert B. Raffa ◽  
Ju-O Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Noncancer Pain ◽  
Noncancer Pain

scholarly journals Recent HIV testing and associated factors among people who use drugs in Cambodia: a national cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e045282
Author(s):  
Chee Wen Eng ◽  
Sovannary Tuot ◽  
Navy Chann ◽  
Pheak Chhoun ◽  
Phalkun Mun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Hiv Education ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hiv Test

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of HIV testing and examine factors associated with recent HIV testing among people who use drugs (PWUD) in Cambodia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTwelve major provinces with a high burden of HIV and drug use in Cambodia.ParticipantsThis study included 1677 PWUD recruited using a peer-based social network recruitment method. Participants’ selection criteria included being at least 18 years old and using any illicit drugs via any administration routes in the past 12 months.Primary outcome measureRecent HIV testing, defined as having an HIV test in the past 6 months.ResultsThe median age of the participants was 28 (IQR 22–34) years, and 56.6% were men. The prevalence of lifetime and recent HIV testing was 70.7% and 42.9%, respectively. After adjustment in multivariable logistic regression analysis, recent HIV testing remained positively associated with being female (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.55, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.04) or third gender identity (AOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.11 to 3.80), having ever been to a drug rehabilitation centre (AOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.29), having used any HIV services in the past 6 months (AOR 7.37, 95% CI 5.61 to 9.69), having received HIV education in the past 3 months (AOR 3.40, 95% CI 2.63 to 4.40) and having self-perception of higher HIV risk (AOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.73).ConclusionsRecent HIV test uptake among PWUD in Cambodia was suboptimal. This study highlights the roles of outreach HIV education and services in promoting regular HIV testing among PWUD. Strengthening the coordinated effort of government agencies and local civil society organisations to prioritise expanding community-based peer-driven interventions to reach out to this hidden population is warranted.

scholarly journals Addressing Opioid-Related Chemical Coping in Long-Term Opioid Therapy for Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Multicenter, Observational, Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anyela Castañeda ◽  
Chang-Soon Lee ◽  
Yong-Chul Kim ◽  
Dasom Lee ◽  
Jee Moon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Opioid Consumption ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Noncancer Pain ◽  
Noncancer Pain

Opioid consumption has increased worldwide, which carries the risk of opioid use disorder (OUD). However, the literature on OUD and opioid-related chemical coping (OrCC) in chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) is heterogeneous, with most studies conducted in the United States. We performed a multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study to address OrCC in long-term opioid therapy (LtOT) for CNCP in South Korea. The objectives were to determine the frequency and predictors of OrCC. We included 258 patients. Among them, fifty-five (21%) patients showed OrCC. The sample had high pain catastrophizing (≥30 points; 66%), moderate-severe insomnia (≥15 points; 63%), low resilience (68 points), and high suicidal ideation (67%). OrCC patients had greater pain interference (85.18% vs. 58.28%, p = 0.017) and lower satisfaction with the LtOT (56.4% vs. 78.3%, p = 0.002). In multivariable analysis, alcohol abuse (OR = 6.84, p = 0.001), prescription drugs abuse (OR = 19.32, p = 0.016), functional pain (OR = 12.96, p < 0.001), head and neck pain (OR = 2.48, p = 0.039), MEDD (morphine equivalent daily dose) ≥ 200 mg/day (OR = 3.48, p = 0.006), and ongoing litigation (OR = 2.33, p = 0.047) were significant predictors of OrCC. In conclusion, the break-out of OrCC in CNCP in South Korea was comparable to those in countries with high opioid consumption, such as the United States, regardless of the country’s opioid consumption rate.

scholarly journals Perceptions and Impact of the 2017 Canadian Guideline for Opioid Therapy and Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study of Canadian Physicians

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jason W. Busse ◽  
Joyce Douglas ◽  
Tara S. Chauhan ◽  
Bilal Kobeissi ◽  
Jeff Blackmer
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Opioid Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Noncancer Pain ◽  
Canadian Guideline ◽  
Opioid Tapering ◽  
Noncancer Pain

Background. Physician adherence to guideline recommendations for the use of opioids to manage chronic pain is often limited. Objective. In February 2018, we administered a 28-item online survey to explore perceptions of the 2017 Canadian guideline for opioid therapy and chronic noncancer pain and if physicians had altered practices in response to recommendations. Results. We invited 34,322 Canadian physicians to complete our survey, and 1,128 responded for a response rate of 3%; 687 respondents indicated they prescribed opioids for noncancer pain and answered survey questions about the guideline and their practice. Almost all were aware of the guideline, 94% had read the document, and 89% endorsed the clarity as good or excellent. The majority (86%) felt the guideline was feasible to implement, but 66% highlighted resistance by patients, and 63% the lack of access to effective nonopioid treatment as barriers. Thirty-six percent of respondents mistakenly believed the guideline recommended mandatory tapering for patients using high-dose opioid therapy (≥90 mg morphine equivalent per day), and 58% felt they would benefit from support for opioid tapering. Seventy percent of respondents had changed practices to align with guideline recommendations, with 51% engaging some high-dose patients in opioid tapering and 43% reducing the number of new opioid starts. Conclusion. There was high awareness of the 2017 Canadian opioid guideline among respondents, and preliminary evidence that recommendations have changed practice to better align with the evidence. Ongoing education is required to avoid the misunderstanding that opioid tapering is mandatory, and research to identify effective strategies to manage chronic noncancer pain is urgently needed.

Prevalence of parental mental health conditions among children aged 0–16 years in Denmark: A nationwide register-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482110454
Author(s):  
Amanda M.S. Christesen ◽  
Camilla K. Knudsen ◽  
Kirsten Fonager ◽  
Martin N. Johansen ◽  
Signe Heuckendorff
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Condition ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Parental Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mental Health Conditions

Aim: Parental mental health conditions adversely affect the children. Information on the prevalence of parental mental health conditions is needed to help policymakers allocate resources appropriately. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of children with parental mental health conditions in Denmark and further estimate the age-specific prevalence and geographical variation. Methods: In this nationwide register-based cross-sectional study, we included all children born between 2000 and 2016 if they resided in Denmark on 31 December 2016. Information on both maternal and paternal mental health conditions was retrieved from primary and secondary healthcare registers. Parental mental health conditions were categorised in three severity groups: minor, moderate, and severe. We estimated the proportion of children with parental mental health conditions on 31 December 2016. Results: Of the 1,106,459 children aged 0–16 years, 39.1% had at least one parent with a mental health condition. The prevalence increased with age of the children until the age of six years. Geographical variation in the prevalence ranged from 29.0% to 48.3% in the 98 municipalities. Minor parental mental health conditions (23.5%) were more common than moderate (13.5%) and severe parental mental health conditions (2.2%). Hospital-diagnosed parental mental health conditions were prevalent in 12.8% of the children. Conclusions: Two in five children aged 0–16 years in Denmark have parents with a mental health condition and geographical variation exists. The high prevalence of children with parental mental health conditions is an important public health challenge, which calls for attention.

scholarly journals Hypertriglyceridemic Waist and Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study of Bank Employees

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1398-1398
Author(s):  
Júlia Ferreira ◽  
Rebeca Oliveira ◽  
Monica Cattafesta ◽  
Luciane Salaroli
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertriglyceridemic Waist ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Men Elderly

Abstract Objectives This paper investigates the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist in bank workers and its association with socioeconomic, labor, behavioral, anthropometric and health condition factors. Methods This is a cross-sectional study based on information from 525 bank workers. Hypertriglyceridemic waist was defined by the simultaneous presence of abdominal obesity, verified by the waist circumference, and elevated serum triglycerides. Associations were verified with sociodemographic, labor, behavioral, anthropometric and health condition variables. Results The investigation resulted in a phenotype prevalence of 19.4%, being higher in men, elderly, married and working in the bank for more than 5 years. The phenotype was also associated with overweight, low HDL-c (high-density lipoprotein), mixed hyperlipidemia, high triglyceride/HDL-c ratio and arterial hypertension. Being over 50 years of age and being overweight increased the chances of the bankers presenting the phenotype. Being female and having adequate levels of HDL-c were shown to be protective factors against the phenotype. Conclusions It was concluded that the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist is high and is associated mainly with the excess weight and unfavorable lipid profile of this population. Funding Sources This research received no external funding.

scholarly journals Empowerment from patient’s and caregiver’s perspective in cancer care

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 205510291881531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Marzorati ◽  
Luca Bailo ◽  
Ketti Mazzocco ◽  
Gabriella Pravettoni
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Patient Participation ◽  
Patient Empowerment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
Caregiver Relationship ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

The caregivers’ perceptions of the patients’ health condition may be biased and induce them to perceive higher needs than patients actually disclose. Our aim was to assess if the level of knowledge and awareness about cancer disease and treatment, and patient participation and assistance differs between caregivers and patients. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted across five countries (Italy, United Kingdom, Spain, France and Germany) on a total of 510 participants who directly (patient) or indirectly (caregiver) faced a cancer diagnosis. Investigating this divergence could help to identify possible difficulties in patient–caregiver relationship, eventually improving patient empowerment.

scholarly journals Deficits in pain medication in older adults with chronic pain receiving home care: A cross-sectional study in Germany

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e0229229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Schneider ◽  
Engi Algharably ◽  
Andrea Budnick ◽  
Arlett Wenzel ◽  
Dagmar Dräger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pain Medication ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Stigma, Social Support, Illicit Drug Use, and Other Predictors of Anxiety and Depression Among HIV/AIDS Patients in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Saqlain ◽  
Malik Muhammad Umair ◽  
Furqan Khurshid Hashmi ◽  
Hamid Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: Anxiety and depression in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) can lead to non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), morbidity, and mortality. Therefore, assessing the stigma, social support, and other determinants of anxiety and depression in PLWHA are important for developing further interventions.Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 505 PLWHA, approached through systematic sampling, who paid routine visits to the ART center, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad. Data was collected by pretested validated hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Version 26 of the SPSS was used to apply Logistic regression analysis to identify determinants, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was calculated to assess the magnitude of the relationships.Results: In PLWHA, the prevalence of co-morbid depression and anxiety was 80%. Separately, 89.9% had depression, and 80.3% had anxiety. Use of illicit drugs [AOR = 1.87, 95% CI (1.01, 3.27)], low social support [AOR = 1.21, 95% CI (1.02, 2.25)], being male [AOR = 2.21, 95% CI (1.11, 5.49)], and HIV related stigma [AOR = 2.48, 95% CI (1.25, 6.02)] were significant predictors of depression. Having detectable viral load [AOR = 3.04, 95% CI (1.04, 8.86)], young age [AOR = 5.31, 95% CI (1.19, 29.39)], no formal education [AOR = 21.78, 95% CI (4.03, 117.62)], low [AOR = 1.70, 95% CI (1.12, 6.93)] or moderate [AOR = 2.20, 95% CI (1.79, 6.09)] social support, illicit drugs addiction [AOR = 1.17, 95% CI (1.03, 2.55)], and HIV stigma [AOR = 54.3, 95% CI (21.20, 139.32)] had a remarkable association with anxiety.Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of anxiety and depression among PLWHA, the Pakistan Ministry of Health should focus more on monitoring mental health, expanding mental health services, and developing interventions based on identified factors to treat depression and anxiety among PLWHA.

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