scholarly journals PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System) Terhadap Keterampilan Sosial Anak ADHD (Attention Deficit-Hyperactive Disorder)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Virgian Ferda Sari ◽  
Ni Wayan Sukerti
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Social Skill ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Picture Exchange Communication System ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

This research aimed to identify the effects of PECS on the social skills of a student with ADHD, who experienced delayed in communication and social interaction. This research used Single Subject Design, with A-B-A design as the research design. The data were presented using graphics and analyzed using visual analysis. The subject of this research was a first grader with ADHD in an Inclusive Elementary School.  The result of this research showed that there was an effect on the implementation of PECS on the social skill of a student with ADHD; the student’s tendency to refuse the invitation to play together with others decreased. Moreover, the implementation of PECS enabled the student to understand the kinds of social skills that could be done together through PECS’s interactive pictures. Furthermore, it was found that PECS could optimize the student’s communicative and cognitive aspects.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN TERAPI RASIONAL EMOTIF TERHADAP PENURUNAN RELAPSE SUBJEK “MI” EKS KLIEN BALAI REHABILITASI SOSIAL PAMARDI PUTRA DI KOTA BANDUNG

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Nirmala Sari
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Rational Emotive Therapy ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rational Therapy ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Relapse is a condition of some one returned to abuse drugs after several times experienced clean period or abstinence (recover) (Sarafino, 2006). The relapse peroblem experienced by the subject related to the his irrational thought about Drugs can help him to make a better creation. Emotive rational therapy is aimed to improve and change individual atitude by altering the way of thinking and subject irrational beliefs toward rational thought, then subject can improve self-quality and his happiness. The purpose of this research is to answer the problematic from the research, to gain result from case management about rehabilitation program in reducing the level of ex-drugs abuse relapse, while the special aim is to get a description about the influence of active-directive, Cognitive-Experential, Emotive-Experential, Behavioristic and subject conditional to handle his relapse and the influence of emotive rational therapy implementation to the level of emotional, mental and physical relapse of the subject. The method used quantitative single subject design model with data collection technique through the instrument measurement of relapse, observation, and documentation study. Validity test used Face Validity and reliabiilty test used Alpha Cronbach with SPSS (Statistical Package for The Social Science) version 2.0. Furthermore the results of the research were analyzed using quantitative analysis techniques with formula Two Standard Deviation (SD 2) to test the main hypothesis. The conclusion of of this research indicate that the Rational Emotive Therapy is effective to reduce subject’s relapse that solve the problem of irrational thinking became more rational and can reduce relapse rate of the subject. Key words: drugs abuser, relapse, irrational beliefs, rational emotive therapy Abstrak Relapse adalah kondisi seseorang yang kembali menyalahgunakan NAPZA setelah beberapa waktu mengalami periode bersih atau abstinence (pulih) (Sarafino, 2006). Permasalahan relapse yang dialami subjek berkaitan dengan pikiran irrasionalnya bahwa NAPZA dapat membantunya membuat suatu karya menjadi lebih baik. Terapi Rasional Emotif bertujuan untuk memperbaiki dan mengubah sikap individu dengan cara mengubah cara berpikir dan keyakinan subjek yang irasional menuju cara berpikir yang rasional, sehingga subjek dapat meningkatkan kualitas diri dan kebahagiaan hidupnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjawab problematik dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh hasil dari penanganan kasus tentang penerapan Terapi Rasional Emotif kepada eks penyalahguna NAPZA setelah menyelesaikan program rehabilitasi guna menurunnya tingkat relapse eks penyalahguna NAPZA, sedangkan tujuan khusus yaitu untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai pengaruh aspek Aktif-Direktif, Kognitif-Eksperiensial,  Emotif-Eksperiensial,  Behavioristik, dan  Kondisional subjek untuk menangani relapsenya serta pengaruh implementasi Teknik Terapi Rasional Emotif terhadap tingkat kekambuhan emosi, mental, dan fisik subjek. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif rancangan subjek tunggal (Single Subject Design) dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data pengukuran menggunakan instrumen relapse, observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Uji validitas menggunakan validitas muka (Face Validity) dan uji reliabilitas menggunakan teknik Alpha Cronbach dengan bantuan SPSS (Statistical Package for The Social Science) versi 2.0. Selanjutnya hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan rumus Two Standard Deviation (2 SD) untuk menguji hipotesa utama. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Terapi Rasional Emotif efektif untuk menurunkan relapse subjek yaitu memecahkan masalah pemikiran irrasional menjadi lebih rasional serta dapat menurunkan tingkat relapse subjek. Kata kunci: penyalahgunaan narkotika, relapse, pemikiran irrasional, terapi rasional emotif

PENERAPAN TEKNIK SELF MANAGEMENT TERHADAP KEPATUHAN BEROBAT PENDERITA HIV DI YOGYAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliati Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Self management is a strategy in which the cognitive behavioral approach in the application, subject to the expected full attendance during the intervention process. NAP is an HIV patient and had undergone antiretroviral therapy. Saturation, fatigue experienced by NAP during the ARV therapy, so found some times subject medical leave provisions. Healthy behavior in a sick person (in this case a person suffering from HIV) one of which is adherent to treatment that must be endured. This research aims to gain result the applying of self management techniques against medication adherence of NAP patient with HIV in the Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial Pamardi PutraYogyakarta. This study focuses on the application of self-management techniques that include self-monitoring, self reinforcement and self evaluation of medication adherence that includes aspects of belief, accept and act on the subject. Researchers used quantitative approach by using the method of single subject design N = 1 model A-B-A now where the measurements and observations made in each phase. The subject in this study as many as one person with initials NAP. The purpose of this study is to look at the effect of applying the self management technique against NAP’s medication adherence. The results of this study indicate that the application of self-management techniques have a positive effect in improving NAP’s medication adherence with skor of 2SD smaller than skor of the mean phase difference A2 and A1. Stages through the application of this technique is extracting and determining value, set goals, formulate an action plan, the implementation of self-monitoring, self reinforcement and self evaluation. Based on the analysis of the results of the study concluded that the motivation, participation and discipline will determine the effectiveness of the intervention. Support of family members is also important to support the commitment of the subjects in this therapy.Keywords: behavior modification, HIV, medication adherence, self-management AbstrakManusia dapat memutuskan dan menentukan dirinya sendiri. Berdasarkan asumsi tersebut teknik self management merupakan salah satu teknik modifikasi perilaku yang memfokuskan pada regulasi diri. Self management merupakan salah satu strategi dalam pendekatan perilaku kognitif dimana dalam penerapannya, subjek diharapkan kehadiran penuh selama proses intervensi. NAP adalah seorang penderita HIV dan telah menjalani terapi ARV. Kejenuhan, kelelahan dialami NAP selama mengikuti terapi ARV, sehingga ditemukan beberapa kali subjek meninggalkan ketentuan-ketentuan medis. Perilaku sehat pada orang sakit (dalam kasus ini seseorang yang menderita HIV) salah satunya adalah patuh terhadap pengobatan yang harus dijalani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh hasil dari penerapan teknik self management terhadap kepatuhan berobat subjek NAP sebagai penderita HIV di Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial Pamardi Putra Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada penerapan teknik self management yang mencakup self monitoring, self reinforcement dan self evaluation terhadap kepatuhan berobat yang mencakup aspek mempercayai (belief), menerima (accept) dan tindakan (act) pada subjek. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode single subject design N=1 dengan model A-B-A dinama pengukuran dan pengamatan dilakukan di setiap fase. Subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak satu orang dengan inisial NAP. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh penerapan teknik self management terhadap kepatuhan berobat subjek NAP. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan teknik self management mempunyai pengaruh positif dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan berobat subjek NAP dengan nilai 2SD lebih kecil dari selisih mean fase A2 dan A1. Tahapan yang dilalui dalam penerapan teknik ini adalah penggalian dan penentuan value, menetapkan goals, merumuskan rencana tindakan, pelaksanaan self monitoring, self reinforcement dan self evaluation. Berdasarkan analisa hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa motivasi, peran serta dan kedisiplinan akan menentukan efektifitas intervensi. Dukungan anggota keluarga juga penting untuk mendukung komitmen subjek dalam terapi ini.Kata kunci:  HIV, kepatuhan berobat, modifikasi perilaku, self management

IMPLEMENTASI MODEL TASK-CENTERED PADA RESPONDEN YANG MEMILIKI GANGGUAN KEJIWAAN SKIZOAFEKTIF, POST-PARTUM PSYCHOSIS DAN BABYBLUES SYNDROME DI KOTA BANDUNG

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umi Salamah
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Subject Design

Abstract Task-Centered Models include Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) and Task-Centered Therapy begins with light Cognitive Therapy  focuses on thoughts, next Behavioral Therapy focus on act and reward application. Behavioural therapy also as a preface into task-centered therapy as conditioning. Comorbid symptoms of anxiety, aggression, and depression are target of changes. Using methods of action research, with Single Subject Design with pattern model of A-B at one baseline period (control) and two intervention period (treatments phase). The purpose of this study is to proof main hypothesis H1 = Task-Centered Models can reduce symptoms of anxiety, aggression and depression of  respondent Y or H0 = Task-Centered Models can not reduce symptoms of anxiety, aggression and depression of respondent Y. Related with research setting, qualitative analysis of the research subjects should also be included. Hypothesis is tested by using the formula of 2 standard deviation (2 SD), visual analysis within and between conditions. Test result shows that the entire hypothesis is accepted  with  and fulfill criterias of visual analysis significant. Its concluded that intervention effectiveness define by motivation, participation and discipline,parent commitment is vital for therapy that demands action and consistency, maintaining cognitive of respondent are essential for reducing stressors of recurrence through recreational activity and positive emotion building.Key words: Psychiatric Social Worker, Psychiatric Disorder, Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, Task- Centered TherapyAbstrak Model Task-Centered meliputi Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy (CBT) dan Terapi Berpusat Tugas (Task-Centered), dimulai oleh Terapi Kognitif ringan yang fokus pada pikiran, kemudian Terapi Behavioral fokus pada kegiatan (tindakan) tujuan dan penentuan bentuk imbalan (rewards). Terapi Behavioural menjadi pengantar terapi berpusat-tugas yang bersifat conditioning. Gejala penyerta anxiety (kegelisahan), aggression (agresifitas), dan depression (depresi) merupakan target perubahan. Pilihan metode penelitian yaitu penelitian tindakan (action research) dengan Desain Subjek Tunggal (Single Subject Design) dengan pola A-B dalam satu periode baseline (kontrol) dan dua periode intervensi (treatment phase). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan hipotesis utama; H1= task-centered model dapat menurunkan gejala anxiety, aggression dan depression responden Y atau H0= task-centered model tidak dapat menurunkan gejala anxiety, aggression dan depression responden Y. Berkaitan dengan setting penelitian, penjelasan kualitatif cukup penting untuk dilakukan. Secara kuantitatif, pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus 2 standard deviation (2 SD) dan analisis visual dalam kondisi. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, diperoleh hasil bahwa hipotesis diterima ( ) dan memenuhi kriteria signifikansi dalam analisis visual. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah efektifitas intervensi ditentukan motivasi, peran serta dan tingkat kedisiplinan, komitmen orangtua penting dalam terapi yang menuntut aksi dan konsistensi responden, penekanan kognitif responden menurunkan stressor kekambuhan melalui kegiatan rekreatif dan positive emotion building.Kata kunci: Pekerja Sosial Medis Setting Kesehatan Mental, Gangguan Kejiwaan, Terapi Kognitif-Behavior, Terapi Berpusat Tugas

scholarly journals Layanan Penguasaan Konten Dengan Teknik Sosial Modeling Untuk Mengurangi Perilaku Off Task Peserta Didik

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Martina Rohama ◽  
Esty Aryani Safithry
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Experimental Control ◽  
Content Mastery ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Social Modelling ◽  
Academic Year

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of content mastery services with social modelling techniques to reduce off-task behaviour of Islamic students. The design of this study uses Single Subject Design (SSD) with multiple large cross variables. The subjects in this study were 5 class II MI HIdayatul students in the 2015/2016 academic year indicated as students who were off task behaving tending to be high and moderate, each of which was identified from the rubric of freedom of observation, intervention, and experimental control. Data analysis uses visual analysis by paying attention to changes in levels and trends.

The Effect of a motor-based, social skills intervention for adolescents with high-functioning autism: two single-subject design cases

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon A. Gutman ◽  
Emily I. Raphael ◽  
Leila M. Ceder ◽  
Arshi Khan ◽  
Katherine M. Timp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Social Skills Intervention ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Subject Design

scholarly journals Effect of Passive Range of Motion Exercises on Lower-Extremity Goniometric Measurements of Adults With Cerebral Palsy: A Single-Subject Design

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 658-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherri L Cadenhead ◽  
Irene R McEwen ◽  
David M Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Spastic Quadriplegia ◽  
Goniometric Measurements

Abstract Background and Purpose. People with spastic cerebral palsy often receive passive stretching that is intended to maintain or increase joint passive range of motion (PROM) even though the effectiveness of these exercises has not been definitively demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of PROM exercises on 6 adults with spastic quadriplegia and contractures. Participants. Four men and 2 women (X̄=31 years of age, range=20–44 years) who lived in an institution for people with mental retardation participated in the study. Methods. The authors used 2 multiple baseline designs. Three participants (group 1) received lower-extremity PROM exercises during phase A; PROM exercises were discontinued during phase B. Three participants (group 2) did not receive PROM exercises during phase A; PROM exercises were initiated during phase B. Data were analyzed using visual analysis and the C statistic. Results. Results varied with the method of analysis; however, phase A and phase B measurements, overall, did not differ for either group. Discussion and Conclusion. This study demonstrated use of a single-subject design to measure the effect of PROM exercises on adults with cerebral palsy. The authors concluded that the PROM exercise protocol did not have an effect on the lower-extremity goniometric measurements of the participants.

Effects of Same-Age Peer Tutoring on the Spelling Performance of a Mainstreamed Elementary LD Student

1982 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Mandoli ◽  
Peter Mandoli ◽  
T.F. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Peer Tutoring ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Spelling Performance ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Peer Tutor ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
School Learning ◽  
The Subject

The effects of a peer-tutoring procedure on the spelling behavior of a mainstreamed elementary-school learning disabled student were investigated in an AB single-subject design. Overall results indicated that the subject obtained greater accuracy on the spelling tests during the peer-tutoring condition than during the baseline condition. Self-reports and ratings on the treatment indicated that both the peer tutor and the tutored student felt they had improved their spelling performance.

scholarly journals Weighted Blankets and Sleep Quality in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Single-Subject Design

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Bryan M. Gee ◽  
Kimberly Lloyd ◽  
Jesse Sutton ◽  
Tyler McOmber
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Subject Design

The purpose of the study was to explore the efficacy of weighted blanket applications and sleep quality in children with autism spectrum disorder and behavioral manifestations of sensory processing deficits. Two 4-year-old participants diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder who also experienced sleep disturbances took part in a single-subject design study. Objective sleep measures and caregiver surveys were tracked for a baseline period of eight days, followed by a 14-day weighted blanket intervention and a seven-day withdrawal phase. Caregiver reports and objective data were evaluated using visual analysis and the percentage of non-overlapping data methods. The results suggest minimal changes in sleep patterns as a result of the weighted blanket intervention. The findings based on using a weighted blanket intervention were enhanced morning mood after night use and a significantly decreased time to fall asleep for participants, though they were not strong enough to recommend for clinical use. Future directions include single-subject and cohort-designed studies exploring the efficacy of weighted blankets with increasing sleep quality among children with autism.

scholarly journals Application of Learning Mobility Orientation on Social Skill of Blind Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Dede Idawati ◽  
Siti Masitoh ◽  
Bachtiar S. Bachri
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Social Skill ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Social Skill Development ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
School Activities ◽  
Single Subject Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Blind Children

Visually impaired children within aged of 7–8 years old often face problems dealing with the adaptation in the environment. They have very low social skill and turn into dependence on their parents. Further, they need developing their self-confidence towards social skills. Mobility orientation, learning was one of the learning strategies that aimed to improve their social behavior in the environment. The purpose of this study was to develop the social skills of blind children in interacting with the environment and peers. This study involved a single subject research method (SSR) with A-B-A design. The subject of the study consisted of 3 blind children within 7–8 years old. The results showed that there was a significant improving in their social skills and independence during their daily lives. The female children tended to have some difficulties during the school activities compare with the male children. The family’s involvement is important to be used for helping them during the learning adaptation process with the environment. In short, the social skill development really matters for the blind children as they can imagine what kind of places where they are.

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