scholarly journals The contribution of age and obesity to the number of painful joint sites in individuals reporting osteoarthritis: a population-based study

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 3350-3357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M Badley ◽  
Jessica M Wilfong ◽  
Calvin Yip ◽  
Dov B Millstone ◽  
Anthony V Perruccio
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Painful Joint ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Female Rate

Abstract Objective To investigate the association of OA risk factors with number of painful joint sites in a representative population sample. Methods Analysis of the 2009 Survey on Living with Chronic Diseases in Canada – Arthritis Component (n = 1614) for respondents reporting symptomatic OA. Variables: painful joints sites (hands, wrists, elbows, shoulders, hips, knees, ankles, feet, back, neck), joint symptom duration, sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, comorbidities and BMI. Zero-truncated negative binomial regressions were used to investigate the association between number of painful joint sites and the variables. Generalizability of findings was assessed by a similar analysis in a clinical hip/knee OA sample. Results The sample comprised 73% women and 56% were aged <65 years. The mean number of painful joint sites was 3.8: 84% reported pain at ≥2 sites, and 45% at ≥4 sites. Age, BMI, education and smoking were not associated with the number of joint sites. Significant associations were found with being female [rate ratio (RR) = 1.23, 95% CI 1.09, 1.39], having more comorbidities (RR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.07, 1.15) and longer symptom duration (RR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.09, 1.24), although the increase in joint sites with duration was small. Similar regression results were found with the clinical OA sample. Conclusion The lack of an association of age and BMI (obesity) with number of painful joint sites in OA raises questions about the role of these risk factors and our understanding of OA as a multi-joint disease. Filling this knowledge gap is critical to making progress with defining OA phenotypes and identifying potential aetiological mechanisms.

scholarly journals Small Noncoding RNAs in Knee Osteoarthritis: The Role of MicroRNAs and tRNA-Derived Fragments

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5711
Author(s):  
Julian Zacharjasz ◽  
Anna M. Mleczko ◽  
Paweł Bąkowski ◽  
Tomasz Piontek ◽  
Kamilla Bąkowska-Żywicka
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Cartilage Homeostasis

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative knee joint disease that results from the breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone, affecting about 3.3% of the world's population. As OA is a multifactorial disease, the underlying pathological process is closely associated with genetic changes in articular cartilage and bone. Many studies have focused on the role of small noncoding RNAs in OA and identified numbers of microRNAs that play important roles in regulating bone and cartilage homeostasis. The connection between other types of small noncoding RNAs, especially tRNA-derived fragments and knee osteoarthritis is still elusive. The observation that there is limited information about small RNAs different than miRNAs in knee OA was very surprising to us, especially given the fact that tRNA fragments are known to participate in a plethora of human diseases and a portion of them are even more abundant than miRNAs. Inspired by these findings, in this review we have summarized the possible involvement of microRNAs and tRNA-derived fragments in the pathology of knee osteoarthritis.

Abstract P249: Incident Sleep-Disordered Breathing is Associated with Obesity: Penn State Child Cohort

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward O Bixler ◽  
Alexandros N Vgontzas ◽  
Duanping Liao ◽  
Susan Calhoun ◽  
Julio Fernandez-Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
State Child ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Objectives: To study the epidemiology of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in adolescents, which has received little attention. Methods: The Penn State Child Cohort (PSCC) is a representative general population sample of 700 children aged 5-12 years. Our preliminary results are based on an average 8 year follow up of the initial 300 prospective subjects (~43%) from this ongoing cohort study. A logistic regression was used to assess the association between potential risk factors and incident SDB. Results: The mean age at the 8-year follow up examination was 17.2 ± 0.1 years, with an average BMI percentile of 66.6 ± 1.6 and 56.5% boys. At baseline 1.5% of this subsample had SDB, defined by Apnea Hypopnia Index (AHI > 5 /hour). Surprisingly, there was no persistence of SDB. Eight-year incident SDB was 10.5%. The average AHI in those with incident SDB was 12.7 with a maximum of 92.4. Incident SDB was similar for girls (7.8%) and boys (12.7%). Those with SDB were older than those without (18.7 vs 17.0 years, P<0.001) and girls with SDB were older than boys with SDB (20.0 vs 18.0 years, P=0.002). Those with incident SDB tended to have a greater change in BMI percentile (8.2 vs 1.8, P = 0.143) during the follow up and slightly higher minority representation (25.8% vs 21.9%, P=0.655). A logistic regression model identified three variables that were associated with incident SDB, controlling for baseline AHI: age (OR = 1.5 (1.3, 1.9) P<0.001), male (OR= 2.5 (1.11,10.00) P=0.021), and [[Unable to Display Character: &#8710;]]BMIPCT (OR=1.2(1.02, 1.5) P=0.032). Conclusion: In this population based sample of adolescents, the 8-year incidence of SDB was high (10.5%), whereas childhood SDB did not persist into adolescence. Further, the results indicate that risk factors for incident SDB in adolescents are age, male and the development of obesity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of community coalition training effects on youth hospital-admitted injury incidence in Victoria, Australia: 2001–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke Berecki-Gisolf ◽  
Bosco Rowland ◽  
Nicola Reavley ◽  
Barbara Minuzzo ◽  
John Toumbourou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundInjuries are one of the three leading causes of morbidity and mortality for young people internationally. Although community risk factors are modifiable causes of youth injury, there has been limited evaluation of community interventions. Communities That Care (CTC) offers a coalition training process to increase evidence-based practices that reduce youth injury risk factors.MethodUsing a non-experimental design, this study made use of population-based hospital admissions data to evaluate the impact on injuries for 15 communities that implemented CTC between 2001 and 2017 in Victoria, Australia. Negative binomial regression models evaluated trends in injury admissions (all, unintentional and transport), comparing CTC and non-CTC communities across different age groups.ResultsStatistically significant relative reductions in all hospital injury admissions in 0–4 year olds were associated with communities completing the CTC process and in 0–19 year olds when communities began their second cycle of CTC. When analysed by subgroup, a similar pattern was observed with unintentional injuries but not with transport injuries.ConclusionThe findings support CTC coalition training as an intervention strategy for preventing youth hospital injury admissions. However, future studies should consider stronger research designs, confirm findings in different community contexts, use other data sources and evaluate intervention mechanisms.

scholarly journals An Empirical Investigation of the Prevalence of Osteoarthritis in South West Nigeria: A Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Kayode Anthonia Aderonke ◽  
Akande Noah Oluwatobi ◽  
Saheed O Jabaru ◽  
Oladele O Tinuke
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Nigerian Population

Today, Osteoarthritis remains the most prevalent chronic joint disease and a potentially incapacitating joint illness. It is an enduring health problem which cannot be cure though it can be managed. Osteoarthritis remains a serious public health problem because its burden is high, people who live with it have a greater risk of developing anxiety / or depression and if it is not properly managed, it can bring about disability as well as impairing quality of life. This paper presents a statistical correlation between the reported risk factors of Osteoarthritis and its prevalence in Nigeria. Statistical tests were performed to investigate if there is enough evidence for inferring that the risk factors for Osteoarthritis are true for the whole of Nigerian population

Menstrual Migraine in A Representative Dutch Population Sample: Prevalence, Disability and Treatment

Cephalalgia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
EGM Couturier ◽  
MAM Bomhof ◽  
A Knuistingh Neven ◽  
NP van Duijn
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Menstrual Migraine ◽  
Substantial Proportion ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Dutch Population ◽  
Frequent Problem

We assessed the prevalence of menstrual migraine and its restrictions on daily activities in a representative Dutch population sample of 1181 Dutch women, aged 13-55 years. Further, we evaluated the potential role of oral contraceptives, and how menstrual migraine is treated. More than half suffered from menstrual complaints, a substantial proportion reported headache or migraine as a frequent problem. Use of oral contraceptives seemed to reduce the occurrence of menstrual complaints, but not the occurrence of headache and migraine. In our study, the prevalence of menstrual migraine (3%) is lower than in the literature, most probably because we did not use a selected group of patients but a population-based sample of ordinary women. It was confirmed that attacks of menstrual migraine are more severe, of longer duration, and more resistant to treatment than migraine attacks at other times of the month.

scholarly journals Loneliness, physical activity and mental health during Covid-19: a longitudinal analysis of depression and anxiety in adults over 50 between 2015 and 2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Byron Creese ◽  
Zunera Khan ◽  
William Henley ◽  
Siobhan O’Dwyer ◽  
Anne Corbett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: Loneliness and physical activity are important targets for research into the impact of COVID-19 because they have established links with mental health, could be exacerbated by social distancing policies and are potentially modifiable. In this study we aimed to identify whether loneliness and physical activity were associated with worse mental health during a period of mandatory social distancing in the UK. Design: Population-based observation cohort study. Setting: Mental health data collected online during COVID-19 from an existing sample of adults aged 50 and over taking part in a longitudinal study of ageing. All had comparable annual data collected between 2015 and 2019. Participants: 3,281 participants aged 50 and over. Measurements: Trajectories of depression (measured by PHQ-9) and anxiety (measured by GAD-7) between 2015 and 2020 were analyzed with respect to loneliness, physical activity levels and a number of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics using zero-inflated negative binomial regression. Results: In 2020, PHQ-9 score for loneliness, adjusted for covariates, was 3.23 (95% CI: 3.01-3.44), an increase of around one point on all previous years in this group and 2 points higher than people not rated lonely, whose score did not change in 2020 (1.22, 95% CI: 1.12-1.32). PHQ-9 was 2.60, 95% CI: 2.43-2.78 in people with decreased physical activity, an increase of 0.5 on previous years. In contrast, PHQ-9 in 2020 for people whose physical activity had not decreased was 1.66, 95% CI: 1.56-1.75, similar to previous years. A similar relationship was observed for GAD-7 though the absolute burden of symptoms lower. Conclusion: After accounting for pre-COVID-19 trends, we show that experiencing loneliness and decreased physical activity are risk factors for worsening mental health during the pandemic. Our findings highlight the need to examine policies which target these potentially modifiable risk factors.

scholarly journals Characterizing the type 2 diabetes mellitus epidemic in Jordan up to 2050

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne F. Awad ◽  
Peijue Huangfu ◽  
Soha R. Dargham ◽  
Kamel Ajlouni ◽  
Anwar Batieha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Population Based Survey

AbstractWe aimed to characterize the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) epidemic and the role of key risk factors in Jordan between 1990–2050, and to forecast the T2DM-related costs. A recently-developed population-level T2DM mathematical model was adapted and applied to Jordan. The model was fitted to six population-based survey data collected between 1990 and 2017. T2DM prevalence was 14.0% in 1990, and projected to be 16.0% in 2020, and 20.6% in 2050. The total predicted number of T2DM cases were 218,326 (12,313 were new cases) in 1990, 702,326 (36,941 were new cases) in 2020, and 1.9 million (79,419 were new cases) in 2050. Out of Jordan’s total health expenditure, 19.0% in 1990, 21.1% in 2020, and 25.2% in 2050 was forecasted to be spent on T2DM. The proportion of T2DM incident cases attributed to obesity was 55.6% in 1990, 59.5% in 2020, and 62.6% in 2050. Meanwhile, the combined contribution of smoking and physical inactivity hovered around 5% between 1990 and 2050. Jordan’s T2DM epidemic is predicted to grow sizably in the next three decades, driven by population ageing and high and increasing obesity levels. The national strategy to prevent T2DM needs to be strengthened by focusing it on preventive interventions targeting T2DM and key risk factors.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use Disorder and the Persistence/Recurrence of Major Depression: Le trouble de l’usage de l’alcool et la persistance/récurrence de la dépression majeure

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 652-663
Author(s):  
Vivian N. Onaemo ◽  
Timothy O. Fawehinmi ◽  
Carl D’Arcy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Epidemiologic Survey ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Canadian Provinces

Objective This study aims to determine the role of alcohol use disorder and other potential risk factors on persistence/recurrence of major depression in a Canadian population sample. Methods Data were drawn from the National Population Health Survey (1994/1995 to 2010/2011), a prospective epidemiologic survey of individuals 12 years and older, living in 10 Canadian provinces ( N = 17,276). Participants were reinterviewed every 2 years for 9 cycles. This study population was a cohort of individuals who at baseline met the diagnosis of a major depressive episode (MDE) in the previous 12 months ( n = 908). After the 6-year (cycle 4) and 16-year (cycle 9) follow-up period, 124 of 718 participants and 79 of 461 participants met the criteria for MDE, respectively. Persistence or recurrence of major depression was defined as meeting a diagnosis of MDE after 6 years and 16 years. Modified Poisson regression models were used to assess the role of alcohol dependence and other risk factors on the persistence/recurrence of major depression using Stata 14. Results Alcohol use disorder was significantly correlated with a 6-year (odds ratio [ OR]: 3.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68 to 5.48; P < .0001) and 16-year ( OR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.15 to 8.77, P = 0.003) persistence/recurrence of major depression. Other factors associated with the persistence/recurrence of major depression include female sex, childhood traumatic events, chronic pain restricting activities, daily smoking, and low self-esteem. Conclusions Comorbid alcohol use disorder was found to be a strong risk factor for the persistence or recurrence of major depression.

scholarly journals Brain deep medullary veins on 3-T MRI in a population-based cohort

2020 ◽  
pp. 0271678X2091846
Author(s):  
Dong-Hui Ao ◽  
Ding-Ding Zhang ◽  
Fei-Fei Zhai ◽  
Jiang-Tao Zhang ◽  
Fei Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Neurodegenerative Process ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Deep Medullary Veins

Our aim is to investigate whether vascular risk factors are associated with cerebral deep medullary veins (DMVs) and whether DMVs are associated with MRI markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) or risk of stroke. In a community-based cohort of 1056 participants (mean age 55.7 years), DMVs were identified on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and counted in periventricular regions. Neuroimaging markers including lacunes, whiter matter hyperintensity (WMH), microbleeds, enlarged perivascular space, and brain atrophy were evaluated. The number of DMVs decreased with age (p = 0.007). After adjusting for age and sex, the number of DMVs was not associated with traditional vascular risk factors. Fewer DMVs was associated with increase of WMH and lacunes, but the association vanished after adjustment for vascular risk factors. However, fewer DMVs were independently associated with brain atrophy (p < 0.001). DMVs were not associated with three-year risk of stroke. Our results suggest that DMV is significantly different from other MRI markers of CSVD regarding risk factors, association with other CSVD markers, and risk of stroke. Nonetheless, the significant association between DMV and brain atrophy suggested the potential role of venules in age-related neurodegenerative process, which deserves further investigation.

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