scholarly journals T183. LOW LEVELS OF VITAMIN D ARE ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED CORTICAL THICKNESS AND SURFACE AREA IN FRONTAL, TEMPORAL AND OCCIPITAL REGIONS IN FIRST-EPISODE PSYCHOSIS PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S301-S302
Author(s):  
Simone Ciufolini ◽  
John Lally ◽  
Brendon Stubbs ◽  
Shubulade Smith ◽  
Marta Di Forti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Vitamin D is a neuro-steroid hormone important in brain development, maturation and function as it modulates the production of numerous brain growth factors. Indeed insufficient levels seem to compromise brain development and confer an increased risk of developing schizophrenia later on in life. Finally patients with first-episode psychosis tend to have lower levels of vitamin D than healthy controls. We aimed to explore: 1) The association between vitamin levels and brain structure (i.e. cortical thickness and surface area) in FEP individuals; 2) Differences in brain structure (i.e. cortical thickness and surface area) between FEP individuals with optimal and sub-optimal levels of Vitamin D. Methods Sample: 49 patients with first episode of psychosis (mean age: 27.8 SD ± 9.1 years) part of the BRC Psychosis Theme study on Genetics and Psychosis (GAP). Vitamin D: Vitamin D (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D) levels were determined by immunoassay. Patients were considered to have sub-optimal levels if vitamin D concentration was below 20 ng/ml, with higher concentrations deemed optimal. Twenty patients had sub-optimal levels of Vitamin D whereas 29 had optimal Vitamin D concentration. Brain Structure: 3T MRI scan were used to evaluate the cortical thickness and the surface area in 49 FEP patients. FreeSurfer 5.3.0 was used to correlate Vitamin D levels with both cortical thickness and surface area in a vertex-by-vertex analysis. afterwards differences in cortical thickness and surface area between FEP participants with both optimal and sub-optimal Vitamin D levels were examined using a vertex-by-vertex General Linear Model analysis in FreeSurfer 5.3.0. Results were corrected for multiples comparison with Montecarlo simulation. Results Vitamin D levels positively correlated with cortical thickness in the left superior-frontal gyrus and surface area in the right peri-calcarine and right inferior-parietal gyrus (all p<0.05 FWE corrected). FEP patients with sub-optimal levels of Vitamin D (below 20 ng/ml) had reduced cortical thickness in the right medial-orbitofrontal gyrus and lingual gyrus compared to those with optimal levels of Vitamin D (all p<0.05 FWE corrected). Additionally, FEP patients with sub-optimal levels of Vitamin D had smaller surface areas in the cuneus, latero-orbitofrontal gyrus, pre- and post central gyri, superio-frontal gyrus, and inferio parietal gyrus in the right hemisphere than those with optimal levels (all p<0.05 FWE corrected). Discussion Vitamin D levels are associated with reduced cortical thickness and smaller surface area in frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital brain regions in individuals with FEP. Interestingly, these areas complete their maturation well into late adolescence, thus potentially being exposed to low Vitamin D levels over a long period of time may contribute to specific brain structure in adulthood. The identification of a specific brain conformation associated to low levels of Vitamin D would promote greater understanding of the interface between physical and mental illness fostering the development of precision psychiatry.

scholarly journals Cortical thickness and surface area correlates with cognitive dysfunction among first-episode psychosis patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 2145-2155 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Haring ◽  
A. Müürsepp ◽  
R. Mõttus ◽  
P. Ilves ◽  
K. Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Episode Psychosis

BackgroundIn studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), some have reported specific brain structure–function relationships among first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, but findings are inconsistent. We aimed to localize the brain regions where cortical thickness (CTh) and surface area (cortical area; CA) relate to neurocognition, by performing an MRI on participants and measuring their neurocognitive performance using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), in order to investigate any significant differences between FEP patients and control subjects (CS).MethodExploration of potential correlations between specific cognitive functions and brain structure was performed using CANTAB computer-based neurocognitive testing and a vertex-by-vertex whole-brain MRI analysis of 63 FEP patients and 30 CS.ResultsSignificant correlations were found between cortical parameters in the frontal, temporal, cingular and occipital brain regions and performance in set-shifting, working memory manipulation, strategy usage and sustained attention tests. These correlations were significantly dissimilar between FEP patients and CS.ConclusionsSignificant correlations between CTh and CA with neurocognitive performance were localized in brain areas known to be involved in cognition. The results also suggested a disrupted structure–function relationship in FEP patients compared with CS.

scholarly journals Symptomatic Correlates of Vitamin D Deficiency in First-Episode Psychosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ricardo Coentre ◽  
Inês Canelas da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Low Levels

Previous studies indicate that low levels of vitamin D are associated with increased severity of psychiatric symptoms in chronic multiepisode psychosis (MEP). We aimed to compare vitamin D levels between first-episode psychosis (FEP) and MEP and to investigate the correlations between vitamin D levels and symptoms in FEP patients. The participants were adults aged 18-45 years who presented with affective and non-affective FEP to an early intervention team in Portugal. Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory, and positive and negative symptoms and general psychopathology were measured with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Blood samples were analyzed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD). Thirty-three patients completed the study in the FEP group and 33 in the MEP group. FEP patients had low levels of 25OHD (18.16 ± 7.48 ng/mL), with no significant differences from MEP patients. Low 25OHD was significantly correlated with high severities of depressive (r=-0.484, p=0.004) and negative (r=-0.480, p=0.005) symptoms as well as general psychopathology (r=-0.569, p=0.001) in FEP patients. Multiple regression revealed an inverse association between general psychopathology and vitamin D level (p=0.027). More investigation of the association of vitamin D and schizophrenia is needed, namely, using a nonpatient control group and trying to clarify possible causality between vitamin D and psychiatric symptoms.

Global and regional cortical thickness associations with general and domain-specific cognition in first-episode psychosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie M. Lavigne ◽  
Delphine Raucher-Chéné ◽  
M. Mallar Chakravarty ◽  
Bratislav Misic ◽  
Ridha Joober ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Two Samples

Background: Psychosis is often characterized by global and regional brain structure alterations as well as general and domain-specific cognitive deficits. Previous brain structure-cognition findings in psychosis generally involve brain regions of interest or individual cognitive domains that may reflect global/general rather than regional/domain-specific effects. Here, we systematically examined whether global cortical thickness and/or general cognition drive thickness-cognition associations in two first-episode psychosis (FEP) samples to examine generalizability. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging, cognitive, and sociodemographic data were acquired in two samples (sample 1: 114 FEP, 81 control; sample 2: 62 FEP, 53 control). Multivariate global thickness-general cognition associations were examined in patients using partial least squares (PLS) to optimize brain-cognition associations. Then, mean thickness and mean cognition were cumulatively covaried from the thickness data and cognitive data, respectively, to probe associations between (1) regional thickness and general cognition (covarying mean thickness) and (2) regional thickness and domain-specific cognition (covarying mean thickness and mean cognition). Results: A general cognitive impairment was associated with global thinning as well as bidirectional regional alterations (decreased motor, inferior temporal, and increased frontal thickness), which related to symptoms and generalized out-of-sample. Sample- and domain-specific bidirectional alterations were observed for verbal memory, processing speed, visual memory, attention. Conclusions: Examining brain regions-of-interest and/or individual cognitive domains may capture global/general deficits rather than region- or domain-specific associations. Bidirectional thickness alterations point to inefficient cortical reorganization rather than unidimensional decline. Domain-specific associations may represent subgroups of patients with distinct sociodemographic, clinical, and cognitive profiles, who might benefit from more personalized interventions.

Cortical morphology and early adverse birth events in men with first-episode psychosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1825-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Smith ◽  
A. E. Thornton ◽  
D. J. Lang ◽  
G. W. MacEwan ◽  
L. C. Kopala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Cortical Surface ◽  
Global Measure ◽  
Cortical Volume ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Cortical Morphology

BackgroundReduced cortical gray-matter volume is commonly observed in patients with psychosis. Cortical volume is a composite measure that includes surface area, thickness and gyrification. These three indices show distinct maturational patterns and may be differentially affected by early adverse events. The study goal was to determine the impact of two distinct obstetrical complications (OCs) on cortical morphology.MethodA detailed birth history and MRI scans were obtained for 36 patients with first-episode psychosis and 16 healthy volunteers.ResultsPerinatal hypoxia and slow fetal growth were associated with cortical volume (Cohen's d = 0.76 and d = 0.89, respectively) in patients. However, the pattern of associations differed across the three components of cortical volume. Both hypoxia and fetal growth were associated with cortical surface area (d = 0.88 and d = 0.72, respectively), neither of these two OCs was related to cortical thickness, and hypoxia but not fetal growth was associated with gyrification (d = 0.85). No significant associations were found within the control sample.ConclusionsCortical dysmorphology was associated with OCs. The use of a global measure of cortical morphology or a global measure of OCs obscured important relationships between these measures. Gyrification is complete before 2 years and its strong relationship with hypoxia suggests an early disruption to brain development. Cortical thickness matures later and, consistent with previous research, we found no association between thickness and OCs. Finally, cortical surface area is largely complete by puberty and the present results suggest that events during childhood do not fully compensate for the effects of early disruptive events.

EPA-0863 - Progression of changes in brain structure and executive functions in children and adolescents with first-episode psychosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
C. Martínez Díaz-Caneja ◽  
R. Piqueras ◽  
I. Nieto ◽  
L. Pina-Camacho ◽  
J. Janssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis

Vitamin D deficiency in first episode psychosis: A case–control study

2013 ◽  
Vol 150 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Crews ◽  
John Lally ◽  
Poonam Gardner-Sood ◽  
Oliver Howes ◽  
Stefania Bonaccorso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Intrinsic cerebellar functional connectivity of social cognition and theory of mind in first-episode psychosis patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Hwan Park ◽  
Taekwan Kim ◽  
Minji Ha ◽  
Sun-Young Moon ◽  
Silvia Kyungjin Lho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Crus I ◽  
The Right

AbstractNeuroimaging studies have revealed how intrinsic dysconnectivity among cortical regions of the mentalizing network (MENT) and the mirror neuron system (MNS) could explain the theory of mind (ToM) deficit in schizophrenia patients. However, despite the concurrent involvement of the cerebellum with the cortex in social cognition, the dysfunction in intrinsic interplay between the cerebellar nodes of MENT/MNS and the cortex in schizophrenia patients remains unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether resting-state cerebello–cortical dysconnectivity exists in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients in relationship with their ToM deficit. A total of 37 FEP patients and 80 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Using a priori-defined cerebellar seeds that functionally connect to the MENT (right crus II) and MNS (right crus I), we compared cerebello–cortical functional connectivities (FCs) in FEP patients and HCs. Correlations between cerebello–parietal connectivities and ToM performance were investigated in FEP patients. FEP patients showed hyperconnectivity between the right crus II and anterior cingulate gyrus and between the right crus I and supplementary motor area, bilateral postcentral gyrus, and right central/parietal operculum (CO/PO). Hypoconnectivity was found between the right crus II and left supramarginal gyrus (SMG) in FEP patients. FCs between the right crus II and left SMG and between the right crus I and right CO/PO were significantly correlated with ToM scores in FEP patients. In accordance with the “cognitive dysmetria” hypothesis, our results highlight the importance of cerbello-cortical dysconnectivities in understanding social cognitive deficits in schizophrenia patients.

scholarly journals Using Machine Learning and Structural Neuroimaging to Detect First Episode Psychosis: Reconsidering the Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Vieira ◽  
Qi-yong Gong ◽  
Walter H L Pinaya ◽  
Cristina Scarpazza ◽  
Stefania Tognin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Structural Neuroimaging ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Episode Psychosis

Abstract Despite the high level of interest in the use of machine learning (ML) and neuroimaging to detect psychosis at the individual level, the reliability of the findings is unclear due to potential methodological issues that may have inflated the existing literature. This study aimed to elucidate the extent to which the application of ML to neuroanatomical data allows detection of first episode psychosis (FEP), while putting in place methodological precautions to avoid overoptimistic results. We tested both traditional ML and an emerging approach known as deep learning (DL) using 3 feature sets of interest: (1) surface-based regional volumes and cortical thickness, (2) voxel-based gray matter volume (GMV) and (3) voxel-based cortical thickness (VBCT). To assess the reliability of the findings, we repeated all analyses in 5 independent datasets, totaling 956 participants (514 FEP and 444 within-site matched controls). The performance was assessed via nested cross-validation (CV) and cross-site CV. Accuracies ranged from 50% to 70% for surfaced-based features; from 50% to 63% for GMV; and from 51% to 68% for VBCT. The best accuracies (70%) were achieved when DL was applied to surface-based features; however, these models generalized poorly to other sites. Findings from this study suggest that, when methodological precautions are adopted to avoid overoptimistic results, detection of individuals in the early stages of psychosis is more challenging than originally thought. In light of this, we argue that the current evidence for the diagnostic value of ML and structural neuroimaging should be reconsidered toward a more cautious interpretation.

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