INDIAN FAMILIES OF THE NORTHWEST COAST: THE IMPACT OF CHANGE. By Claudia Lewis and THE CHANGING BRAHMANS: ASSOCIATIONS AND ELITES AMONG THE KANYAKUBJAS OF NORTH INDIA. By R. S. Khare

Social Forces ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-654
Author(s):  
A. Wells
Keyword(s):  
North India ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Systematic Literature Review on Burden of Clostridioides difficile Infection in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 2632010X2110138
Author(s):  
Canna J Ghia ◽  
Shaumil Waghela ◽  
Gautam S Rambhad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
North India ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
The Impact

Background: Owing to limited diagnostic facilities and surveillance protocols, there is a paucity on the prevalence data of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) in developing countries such as India. Objective: The aims of these studies are (1) to determine the prevalence of CDI in India, (2) to understand the risk factors of CDI, and (3) to determine the impact of different diagnostic methods on reported CDI rates. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar database to identify Indian studies reporting the prevalence of CDI. A total of 31 studies, published between 1990 and 2020 were included in the final analysis. A chi-square test was used to determine statistically significant association between prevalence rates, accuracy of different diagnosis methods, and antibiotic usage rates of CDI. Results: The prevalence of CDI was in the range of 3.4% to 18%, and the difference between regional prevalence of CDI was statistically significant ( P < .001). The use of antibiotics, hospital stay, comorbidities, recent surgery, and the use of proton-pump inhibitors was considered as risk factors for the development of CDI. Compared to other regions, the rate of antibiotic usage was significantly higher in North India ( P < .001). Among different diagnostic methods, C. difficile detection was significantly higher with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (18.02%) versus other multiple testing methods used ( P < .001). Conclusion: There is a significant burden of CDI across the country. Further surveillance studies are required to monitor changes in prevalence of CDI, risk factors, and accuracy of diagnosis methods for a better understanding of the disease burden in India.

Lineages, Loudspeakers, and Labourers

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-148
Author(s):  
Ali Khan Mahmudabad
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
North India ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Student Relationships ◽  
Teacher Student Relationships ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Radio Broadcasting ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 3 will also use a set of mushā‘irahs held in small and large towns across north India in order to illustrate the continuing material, structural, and cultural changes. The impact of radio broadcasting, ease of travel, dispersed forms of patronage, changing relevance of ustād–shāgird (teacher–student) relationships, and response to changing political contexts will all form the basis of this chapter. It is structured as a series of case studies in order to present the nuanced and rich details of the mushā‘irah, particularly since there is no extant work in this field and this book hopes to provide a foundation on which scholars may build further.

scholarly journals What drives the evolution of hunter–gatherer subsistence technology? A reanalysis of the risk hypothesis with data from the Pacific Northwest

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1567) ◽  
pp. 1129-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Collard ◽  
Briggs Buchanan ◽  
Jesse Morin ◽  
Andre Costopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Recent studies have suggested that the decisions that hunter–gatherers make about the diversity and complexity of their subsistence toolkits are strongly affected by risk of resource failure. However, the risk proxies and samples employed in these studies are potentially problematic. With this in mind, we retested the risk hypothesis with data from hunter–gatherer populations who lived in the northwest coast and plateau regions of the Pacific Northwest during the early contact period. We focused on these populations partly because the northwest coast and plateau differ in ways that can be expected to lead to differences in risk, and partly because of the availability of data for a wide range of risk-relevant variables. Our analyses suggest that the plateau was a more risky environment than the northwest coast. However, the predicted differences in the number and complexity of the populations' subsistence tools were not observed. The discrepancy between our results and those of previous tests of the risk hypothesis is not due to methodological differences. Rather, it seems to reflect an important but hitherto unappreciated feature of the relationship between risk and toolkit structure, namely that the impact of risk is dependent on the scale of the risk differences among populations.

Coalition Politics in North India

1968 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1174-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Brass
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
North India ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Indian Politics ◽  
Dominant Party ◽  
Coalition Politics ◽  
Party Development ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The Impact

The years 1964 and 1967 stand as two crucial landmarks in the democratic development of India's political systems both at the center and in the several states. In the three years since Nehru's death in May, 1964, Indian politics entered fully into a major test of legitimacy. Since 1964, the national leadership of the Indian National Congress has three times demonstrated its ability to handle smoothly the first stage of India's process of legitimizing democratic political authority—that of transferring power from a charismatic leader to his successors within the dominant party. After the 1967 General Elections, Indian politics moved to a second stage to confront the problems of transferring power from the previously dominant Congress to diverse parties and party coalitions in more than half the Indian states.The purpose of this paper is to examine the implications for party development in India of the ways in which power has been transferred from the Congress to multi-group coalitions in the three north Indian states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Punjab. Specifically, I am concerned with the structural characteristics of the developing party systems in the three states; with the roles played in the systems by parties, factions, and individuals; and with the impact of the ways in which the systems function upon government formation and stability. I will argue that north Indian political parties operate in systems in which inter-party ideological divisions are less decisive in the formation and breakup of governments than intra-party divisions.

scholarly journals Gender Imbalance, Marriage Squeeze and Multiple Biological Clocks: Exploring the Challenges to Intergenerational Contract in North India

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Paro Mishra ◽  
Ravinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Biological Clock ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
North India ◽  
Biological Clocks ◽  
Marriage Squeeze ◽  
Gender Imbalance ◽  
Elderly Parents ◽  
Family Household ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intergenerational Contract

This paper maps the impact of gender imbalance on intergenerational relations in north India. It uses the idea of multiple biological clocks to understand the impact that gender imbalance and male marriage squeeze have on two categories of persons: “overage” unmarried sons and their aging parents, and the inter-generational contract between them within the family-household. De-linking the idea of the biological clock from the female body, this paper demonstrates that social understandings of bodily progression are equally significant for men, who, in the Indian context, need to marry by a certain age, and their elderly parents who need to be cared for. In north India, where family-household unit is the most important welfare and security institution for the elderly, disruptions to household formation due to bride shortage caused by sex ratio imbalance, is subjecting families to severe stress. Families with unmarried sons struggle with anxieties centred on the inability to arrange marriages for aging sons, questions of allocation of household labor, the continuation of family line, and lack of care for the elderly. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in north India, this paper explores the tensions and negotiations between elderly parents and unmarried sons concerning the fulfillment (or lack of it) of the intergenerational contract against the backdrop of gender imbalance. It concludes by discussing the various strategies available to families in crisis that involve shame-faced adoption of domestic and care tasks by unmarried sons or bringing cross-region brides who then provide productive, reproductive, and care labour.

Poets, Wrestlers and Cricketers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Talbot ◽  
Tahir Kamran
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
North India ◽  
Government College ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Key Participants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Chapter four discusses the impact of colonial rule on traditional cultural and sporting pastimes and the new activities that emerged, most notably cricket. There are three case studies of mushairas (poetic contests), wrestling and cricket. The chapter reveals how their key participants in Lahore were able to perform on a wider stage because of the communications revolution. Nonetheless, they remained rooted in the mohallas and local institutions of the city. Lahore’s mushairas of the 1870s which received contributions from Muhammad Hussain Azad and Altaf Hussain Hali are seen as possessing an important impact on the evolution of Urdu poetry in North India. Competitions took Lahore’s most famous wrestler Gama from his akhara (wrestling arena) in the city to England. Many of Lahore’s most famous colonial era cricketers lived in the Bhati Gate and Mochi Gate area. The fierce rivalry in the 1920s and 1930s between Islamia College and Government College drew talent from across the Punjab. Cricket was not divided on communal lines, Lala Amarnath the future Indian test captain who toured England in the 1930s played for the Crescent Club based at Minto Park which was patronized by the middle class Rana family of the Mochi Gate locality.

scholarly journals To study the impact of psychiatry posting on attitude towards psychiatry and estimated likelihood of psychiatry as a career choice in female interns in North India

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Sunny Garg ◽  
Alka Chauhan ◽  
Mahender Singh ◽  
Mariya Khan ◽  
Sanjeet Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Career Choice ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
North India ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Written Informed Consent

Background: Psychiatric disorders have been rising in last few years and emerging as leading cause of disease burden. Psychiatry as a discipline of medicine carry a lot of stigma due to which there is a lack of young medical students or professionals in choosing psychiatry as a career. Aims and Objectives: To study the impact of psychiatry posting on attitude towards psychiatry and estimation of likelihood of Psychiatry as a career choice in female interns. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional observational study of 112 female interns who met the Inclusion criteria. A written informed consent was obtained from the interns. A selfassessable ATP-30 scale was used to assess the attitude of the interns, this questionnaire was filled by the interns on the first day and after the two weeks of their posting in psychiatry department. The data collected was analysed with the help of SPSS version (21.0) info. Results: Ninety-eight interns were considered for further analysis because 14 female interns fulfilled the exclusion criteria. More than 95% interns reported to have positive attitude towards psychiatry throughout the posting. Results showed a statistically significant (<0.01) positive attitude towards major areas in psychiatry except only psychiatric hospitals and treatment. Only 33 female interns chose psychiatry as a career choice after the posting of two weeks which is not statistically significant, while around 40% interns denied for it. Conclusion: Interns showed highly positive attitude towards psychiatry. The positive attitude of interns towards psychiatry would go a long way towards reducing the stigma attached to people with mental illness and mental health professionals.

Modeling geographical spread of COVID-19 in India using network-based approach (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankush Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
North India ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Large Country ◽  
Geographical Spread ◽  
Internal Mobility ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic is a global concern, due to its high spreading and alarming fatality rate. Mathematical models can play a decisive role in mitigating the spread and predicting the growth of the epidemic. India is a large country, with a highly variable inter-state mobility, and dynamically varying infection cases in different locations; thus, the existing models, based solely on the aspects of growth rates, or generalized network concepts, may not provide desired predictions. The internal mobility of a country must be considered, for accurate prediction. OBJECTIVE This study aims to propose a framework for predicting the geographical spread of COVID-19 based on human mobility, by incorporating migration and transport statistics. The motivation of the research is to identify the locations, which can be at higher level COVID -19 spread risk, during migrants transfer and transportation activities. METHODS We use reported COVID-19 cases, census migration data, and monthly airline data of passengers. RESULTS We discover that spreading depends on the spatial distribution of existing cases, human mobility patterns, and administrative decisions. In India, the mobility towards professional sites can surge incoming cases at Maharastra and Karnataka, while migration towards the native places can risk Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. We anticipate that the state Kerala, with one of the highest cases of COVID-19, may not receive significant incoming cases, while Karnataka and Haryana may receive the challenge of high incoming cases, with medium cases so far. Using airline passenger's data, we also estimate the number of potential incoming cases at various airports. The study predicts that the airports located in the region of north India are vulnerable, whereas in the northeast India and in some south India are relatively safe. CONCLUSIONS A model is developed for systematically understanding the effect of migration and transport on the spreading of COVID-19, and predetermining the hotspots on real time basis. Through the model, we identified the airports and states that are at higher level of COVID-19 risk. The study can guide policymakers in prior planning of transport and estimate the required medical and quarantine facilities to minimize the impact of COVID-19.

Indian Families of the Northwest Coast: The Impact of Change.

Social Forces ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 653
Author(s):  
Alan Wells ◽  
Claudia Lewis ◽  
R. S. Khare
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Coast ◽  
The Impact

History

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-100
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Shokoohy ◽  
Natalie H. Shokoohy
Keyword(s):  
Its Region ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
North India ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Indian History ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Coherent Picture

The history of Bayana and its region is investigated from historical sources, inscriptions, and the actual buildings, beginning with its pre-Islamic origins; the conquest of Bayana by the Ghurids in 1194; the extent of the region of Bayana; its flourishing condition in the 13th and 14th centuries and the account of Ibn Battūta’s visit. The shock of Tīmūr’s invasion of North India, with the formation of independent sultanates is analysed, in particular the rise of the Auhadīs (genealogy in Appendix II) who ruled Bayana autonomously; followed by the impact of Lodī dominance; Bābur and the rise of the Mughals. The Sūrī challenge to the empire and the social conditions are also considered, in particular the appearance of a Mahdī and the purge of his cult and its militia. The return of the Mughals, and their patronage of the area is illustrated by edifices such as the garden built for Jahangīr’s mother Maryam Zamanī. Extracts from the sources (often untranslated previously) are given in the original Arabic and Persian as well as in translation, as are major epigraphs (supported by Appendix I), to form a coherent picture of this previously neglected area of North Indian history.

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