scholarly journals Effects of Reproduction Cutting Method and Hardwood Retention on Shortleaf Pine Seed Production in Natural Stands of the Ouachita Mountains

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
Robert F. Wittwer ◽  
Michael G. Shelton ◽  
James M. Guldin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Ouachita Mountains ◽  
Cutting Method ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Single Tree Selection ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Seed Crops

Abstract Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) seed production was monitored for 4 yr in stands harvested by a range of even- and uneven-aged reproduction cutting methods. The fifty-two 35–40 ac stands were distributed throughout the Ouachita Mountains from central Arkansas to eastern Oklahoma. Seed crops were characterized as good, poor, poor, and bumper, averaging 109,000, 18,000, 5,000, and 379,000 sound seeds/ac, respectively. Seed production the first year after harvest was generally correlated with residual density of shortleaf pines; unharvested control stands, single-tree selection, and shelterwood stands produced more seeds than seed tree stands. Differences in seed production among regeneration cutting methods were not significant for the crop dispersed 4 yr after harvest; this is attributed to release and response of residual seed-producing trees in the seed tree and shelterwood stands. Results also indicated that seed production was lowest for stands located in the western section of the Ouachita Mountains. South. J. Appl. For. 27(3):206–211.

scholarly journals Shortleaf Pine Seed Production in Natural Stands in the Ouachita and Ozark Mountains

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Shelton ◽  
Robert F. Wittwer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Good Seed ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Ozark Mountains ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Production Areas

Abstract Seed production of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) was monitored from 1965 to 1974 to determine the periodicity of seed crops in both woods-run stands and seed-production areas. One bumper and two good seed crops occurred during the 9-yr period. The two largest crops occurred in successive years, then seed production was low for 4 yr before another good crop occurred. Mean annual seed production ranged from 84,000/ac in the western Ouachitas to 167,000/ac in seed-production areas in the southern Ozarks. Certain stand-level variables significantly influenced seed production. Seed production was positively related to stand age and negatively related to pine and hardwood basal areas; although frequently significant, no consistent relationship occurred with stand elevation. Results indicate that shortleaf pine seed production will usually be adequate for natural regeneration within most of the study area. South. J. Appl. For. 20(2):74-80.

scholarly journals Twenty Years of Natural Loblolly and Shortleaf Pine Seed Production on the Crossett Experimental Forest in Southeastern Arkansas

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Cain ◽  
Michael G. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Seed Crops

Abstract Loblolly and shortleaf pine (Pinus taeda L. and P. echinata Mill., respectively) seed crops were monitored for 20 consecutive years (1980–1981 through 1999–2000) using seed-collection traps in natural stands on the Upper Coastal Plain of southeastern Arkansas. Each seed-collection period began on October 1 and continued through the end of February of successive years. Sound seeds were separated from void seeds by use of a cut test. During 20 yr, sound seed production ranged from 0 to 2,000,000/ac. There were six bumper seed crops (>800,000 sound seeds/ac), nine good seed crops (40,000—800,000 sound seeds/ac), and five poor seed crops (<40,000 sound seeds/ac). Because no poor seed crops occurred back-to-back, the seed supply was adequate for successful natural pine regeneration over the entire monitoring period. During 8 yr of adequate seed production, when weekly seed counts were made, seed dispersal always peaked in early November; therefore, site preparation should be completed before November to maximize seedling catch. South. J. Appl. For. 25(1):40–45.

Plant Community Structure and Composition in Uneven-aged Stands of Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine at Four Basal Area Levels

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Tappe ◽  
Michael D. Cain ◽  
T. Bently Wigley ◽  
Derik J. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Plant Community Structure ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Single Tree Selection ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract The effects of overstory pine basal area on plant community structure and composition were assessed in uneven-aged stands of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taedaL. and P. echinata Mill.) in southern Arkansas. Basal area treatments were 40, 60, 80, and 100 ft2/ac for the merchantable pine component (>3.5 in. dbh) and were maintained on a 6 yr cutting cycle using single-tree selection. Assessments of plant communities were made 10 yr after a single hardwood control treatment. The four levels of pine basal area had no effect on percent ground cover of most plants <3 ft tall, but ground cover from graminoids decreased as pine basal area increased. Vertical cover above loft height increased 33% as overstory basal area increased from 40 to 100 ft2/ac, but basal area had no effect on horizontal cover in height zones between 0 and 10ft. It is concluded that uneven-aged stands of loblolly-shortleaf pine with merchantable basal areas of from 40 to 100 ft²/ac may support similar plant species in the understory and consequently probably provide similar habitat requirements for a variety of game and nongame wildlife. South. J. Appl. For. 19(2):84-88.

Basal Area and Volume Development of Natural Even-Aged Shortleaf Pine Stands in the Ouachita Mountains

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Murphy ◽  
Edwin R. Lawson ◽  
Thomas B. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Ouachita Mountains ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Mean Annual Increment

Abstract Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) stands, average age 41 years, were thinned to different density levels (45 to 125 ft² of basal area in increments of 20 ft²). The stands received no further thinning. Equations for projected volumes and basal area per acre given initial conditions were formulated and fitted. The following trends were observed using the equations. Over a 24-year period, total basal area growth per acre started out over 2 ft² and had declined to less than 2 ft² by the end. Annual basal area growth had already culminated by age 41. Total annual cubic-foot volume growth per acre depended largely on initial stocking. The initial stocking and subsequent growth of the sawtimber portion were not related to the thinning treatments. Although sawtimber periodic annual cubic-foot growth culminated during the period under study, board-foot growth did not, indicating that mean annual increment for board-foot volumes had not culminated by age 64. South. J. Appl. For. 16(1):30-34.

Selection Management of Shortleaf Pine in the Ouachita Mountains

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Murphy ◽  
James B. Baker ◽  
Edwin R. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Q Value ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Ouachita Mountains ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Experimental Watersheds

Abstract Selection (uneven-aged) management was instituted in shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) stands on three experimental watersheds in the Ouachita Mountains. The residual stand structure imposed on each was 60 ft² of basal area, a maximum tree diameter of 18 in., and a q value of 1.2 for 1 in. dbh classes. Hardwoods were injected with herbicide before the initial harvest. The average annual per-acre growth for the three watersheds for the first 6-year management period was 2 ft² of merchantable basal area growth, 57 ft³ of merchantable volume growth, and sawtimber growth of 157 board feet for the Doyle rule, 231 bd ft for the Scribner rule, and 274 bd ft for the International ¼-inch rule. Basal area and merchantable volume growth were up to expectations, but sawtimber growth was not. Sawtimber growth may increase as stand structure improves under management. South J. Appl. For. 15(1):61-67.

Root Growth Potential, First-Year Survival, and Growth of Shortleaf Pine Seedlings Show Effects of Life Date, Storage, and Family

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Hallgren ◽  
C. G. Tauer
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract Root growth potential (RGP), and first-year field survival and growth of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) seedlings were significantly affected by lift date, storage, and family. Seedlings lifted in December and January showed highest RGP, survival, and growth. Storage for 28 daysalways reduced survival and growth, and the effect was greatest for late-lifted seedlings. However, for late planting, the difference in performance between freshly lifted seedlings and earlier lifted and stored seedlings may be small. Large family differences existed for seasonal changesin RGP and survival, suggesting separate management by family may be beneficial. The presence of a terminal bud and secondary needles showed little value in predicting seedling performance, whereas RGP and number of primary lateral roots were strongly correlated with seedling survival. South.J. Appl. For. 13(4):163-169.

scholarly journals Technical Note: Afforestation in North Mississippi on Retired Farmland Using Pinus echinata: First-Year Results

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Kushla
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control

Abstract In March 2005, 1-0 bareroot shortleaf pine was planted on retired fields of the Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station near Holly Springs, Mississippi. Objectives of the study were to evaluate (1) subsoiling and (2) herbaceous weed control (HWC) on 1st-year seedling survival and size. Treatments were replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. The subsoiling treatment was completed in December 2004. The HWC treatment was 4-oz Arsenal AC + 2-oz Oust XP product per sprayed acre applied in a 4-ft band over the row in April 2005. In addition, mowing was completed three times between rows during the first growing season. First-year seedling measurements were completed by March 2006 on seedling survival, groundline diameter (GLD), and total height. Subsoil tillage did not have a significant effect on 1st-year survival, diameter, or height. HWC had a significant effect on shortleaf GLD but not survival or height.

scholarly journals Does Prescribed Burning Have a Place in Regenerating Uneven-Aged Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Stands?

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Cain ◽  
Michael G. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Single Tree Selection ◽  
Dormant Season

Abstract Before the 1981 growing season, a study was installed in southeastern Arkansas to examine the effects of three dormant-season burn intervals (low, moderate, and high frequency) and an unburned treatment on natural regeneration in uneven-aged stands of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda andP. echinata, respectively). Merchantable pine basal areas were maintained by harvesting on a 5 or 6 yr cutting cycle. When the study began, hardwoods greater than 1 in. dbh were injected with herbicide on all plots. During the next 19 yr, there were eight high frequency, four moderate frequency, and three low frequency prescribed burns. In 1991, the unburned plots received a single, broadcast-herbicide treatment. Single-tree selection harvests were conducted in 1982, 1987, 1992, and 1997. Through 1999 (19 yr), herbicides applied at 10 yr intervals were more effective than dormant-season burns for enhancing the growth of submerchantable pines. Although recurring winter burns tended to stop the progression of both pines and hardwoods from seedling to sapling size classes, the data suggest that properly timed dormant-season burns might be used to secure natural pine regeneration in selection management. South. J. Appl. For. 26(3):117–123.

scholarly journals Thinning Improves Growth of Crop Trees in Natural Shortleaf Pine Stands

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Wittwer ◽  
T.B. Lynch ◽  
M.M. Huebschmann
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Ouachita Mountains ◽  
Excellent Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Pine Stands

Abstract Dense, previously unthinned, 24- to 28-yr-old natural shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) stands in the Ouachita Mountains of eastern Oklahoma showed good growth responses during the first 5 yr after thinning to three stocking levels̶30, 50 and 70% of full stocking. Residual trees in stands thinned to minimum full stocking (60%) or less appeared to rapidly utilize the additional growing space. Net periodic annual basal area growth averaged 6.7, 7.9, and 8.5 ft2/ac/yr, respectively, for plots thinned to 30, 50, and 70% stocking (PS), but only 4.5 ft2/ac/yr on the unthinned controls due to mortality. Periodic annual diameter growth for trees comprising a dominant stand component averaged 0.42, 0.35, and 0.29 in. on the 30, 50, and 70 PS plots, respectively, and 0.24 in. on the unthinned controls. Periodic annual merchantable volume (3 in. top dob) growth of trees larger than 3.5 in. dbh was not significantly different among the 50 PS, 70 PS, and unthinned control plots, and ranged from 183 to 213 ft3/ac/yr. The excellent growth rates observed during the 5 yr study period exceeded expectations for these sites (SI50= 57) and stand ages, and might be due to the above-normal precipitation received during 4 of the 5 yr. South. J. Appl. For. 20(4):182-187.

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