scholarly journals Shortleaf Pine Seed Production in Natural Stands in the Ouachita and Ozark Mountains

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Shelton ◽  
Robert F. Wittwer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Good Seed ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Ozark Mountains ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Production Areas

Abstract Seed production of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) was monitored from 1965 to 1974 to determine the periodicity of seed crops in both woods-run stands and seed-production areas. One bumper and two good seed crops occurred during the 9-yr period. The two largest crops occurred in successive years, then seed production was low for 4 yr before another good crop occurred. Mean annual seed production ranged from 84,000/ac in the western Ouachitas to 167,000/ac in seed-production areas in the southern Ozarks. Certain stand-level variables significantly influenced seed production. Seed production was positively related to stand age and negatively related to pine and hardwood basal areas; although frequently significant, no consistent relationship occurred with stand elevation. Results indicate that shortleaf pine seed production will usually be adequate for natural regeneration within most of the study area. South. J. Appl. For. 20(2):74-80.

scholarly journals Effects of Reproduction Cutting Method and Hardwood Retention on Shortleaf Pine Seed Production in Natural Stands of the Ouachita Mountains

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
Robert F. Wittwer ◽  
Michael G. Shelton ◽  
James M. Guldin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Ouachita Mountains ◽  
Cutting Method ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Single Tree Selection ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Seed Crops

Abstract Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) seed production was monitored for 4 yr in stands harvested by a range of even- and uneven-aged reproduction cutting methods. The fifty-two 35–40 ac stands were distributed throughout the Ouachita Mountains from central Arkansas to eastern Oklahoma. Seed crops were characterized as good, poor, poor, and bumper, averaging 109,000, 18,000, 5,000, and 379,000 sound seeds/ac, respectively. Seed production the first year after harvest was generally correlated with residual density of shortleaf pines; unharvested control stands, single-tree selection, and shelterwood stands produced more seeds than seed tree stands. Differences in seed production among regeneration cutting methods were not significant for the crop dispersed 4 yr after harvest; this is attributed to release and response of residual seed-producing trees in the seed tree and shelterwood stands. Results also indicated that seed production was lowest for stands located in the western section of the Ouachita Mountains. South. J. Appl. For. 27(3):206–211.

scholarly journals Twenty Years of Natural Loblolly and Shortleaf Pine Seed Production on the Crossett Experimental Forest in Southeastern Arkansas

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Cain ◽  
Michael G. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Seed Crops

Abstract Loblolly and shortleaf pine (Pinus taeda L. and P. echinata Mill., respectively) seed crops were monitored for 20 consecutive years (1980–1981 through 1999–2000) using seed-collection traps in natural stands on the Upper Coastal Plain of southeastern Arkansas. Each seed-collection period began on October 1 and continued through the end of February of successive years. Sound seeds were separated from void seeds by use of a cut test. During 20 yr, sound seed production ranged from 0 to 2,000,000/ac. There were six bumper seed crops (>800,000 sound seeds/ac), nine good seed crops (40,000—800,000 sound seeds/ac), and five poor seed crops (<40,000 sound seeds/ac). Because no poor seed crops occurred back-to-back, the seed supply was adequate for successful natural pine regeneration over the entire monitoring period. During 8 yr of adequate seed production, when weekly seed counts were made, seed dispersal always peaked in early November; therefore, site preparation should be completed before November to maximize seedling catch. South. J. Appl. For. 25(1):40–45.

scholarly journals Restoration of Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata)-Hardwood Mixtures in Low Quality Mixed Upland Hardwood Stands Using Cluster Planting and Natural Regeneration

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
David Clabo ◽  
Wayne Clatterbuck
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Burn Treatment ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Cumberland Mountains

Cluster planting of shortleaf pine, along with various site preparation and release treatments, were tested to restore mixed shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.)–hardwood stands in areas where the shortleaf pine has diminished in recent years. Shortleaf pine–hardwood mixtures were once a common forest type throughout the Cumberland Mountains and Plateau physiographic regions of the southeastern United States. Knowledge of how to restore shortleaf pine–hardwood mixtures is limited throughout shortleaf pine’s large native range. The objectives of this study were to compare planted shortleaf pine and natural hardwood regeneration survival, growth, and composition following various site preparation and early release treatments. Cluster planting and partial timber harvesting were used to reintroduce shortleaf pine and create two-aged stands in the Cumberland Mountains of Tennessee, USA. Results indicated that shortleaf pine survival, basal diameter, and height growth did not differ following four growing seasons among treatments. Natural regeneration stem densities and heights within shortleaf pine clusters did not differ significantly by treatment. Natural regeneration stem densities differed by species group and height class across the site, while the treatment × species interaction term was also significant. At this early stage of stand development, the brown-and-burn treatment appears poised for greater shortleaf pine growth rates than the other treatments. The herbicide treatment had the fewest regenerating hardwoods per hectare and the most desirable hardwood species composition.

scholarly journals Managing Genetic Diversity and Representation in Banksia marginata (Proteaceae) Seed Production Areas Used for Conservation and Restoration

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Linda Broadhurst ◽  
David Bush ◽  
Jim Begley
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Landscape Degradation ◽  
Native Seed ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Production Areas

Landscape degradation is a major threat to global biodiversity that is being further exacerbated by climate change. Halting or reversing biodiversity decline using seed-based restoration requires tons of seed, most of which is sourced from wild populations. However, in regions where restoration is most urgent, wild seed sources are often fragmented, declining and producing seed with low genetic diversity. Seed production areas (SPAs) can help to reduce the burden of collecting native seed from remnant vegetation, improve genetic diversity in managed seed crops and contribute to species conservation. Banksia marginata (Proteaceae) is a key restoration species in south-eastern Australia but is highly fragmented and declining across much of its range. We evaluated genetic diversity, population genetic structure and relatedness in two B. marginata SPAs and the wild populations from which the SPA germplasm was sourced. We found high levels of relatedness within most remnants and that the population genetic structure was best described by three groups of trees. We suggest that SPAs are likely to be important to meet future native seed demand but that best practice protocols are required to assist land managers design and manage these resources including genetic analyses to guide the selection of germplasm.

Fertility variation and its impact on seed crops in seed production areas and a natural stand of teak in southern India

Euphytica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Varghese ◽  
R. Kamalakannan ◽  
A. Nicodemus ◽  
D. Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Natural Stand ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Production Areas

Natural establishment of Pinus spp. around seed production areas and orchards

2021 ◽  
Vol 494 ◽  
pp. 119333
Author(s):  
Magda Paula dos Santos ◽  
Marcio José de Araujo ◽  
Paulo Henrique Müller da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Natural Establishment ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Production Areas

scholarly journals Competition Effects on Growth and Crown Dimensions of Shortleaf and Loblolly Pine in Mature, Natural-Origin, Pine–Hardwood Mixtures of the Upper West Gulf Coastal Plain of Arkansas, USA: A Neighborhood Analysis

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 935
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bataineh ◽  
Ethan Childs
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Crown Dimensions

The need for a comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of competition has never been more important as plants adapt to a changing environment and as forest management evolves to focus on maintaining and enhancing complexity. With the recent decline in shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) land area, it is critical to determine the effects of competition on shortleaf pine and its performance against loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), the preferred planted replacement. We evaluate differences in shortleaf and loblolly pine 10 year mean basal area increment (BAI) and crown dimensions across a gradient of neighborhoods. Linear mixed-effects regression models were developed using BAI and several crown metrics as responses and crowding, competitor species abundance and identity, and initial size and species identity of focal tree as predictors. Crowding of focal trees negatively impacted BAI and crown size (p < 0.001, respectively). Although loblolly pine had three times higher BAI as compared to shortleaf pine within similar neighborhoods, BAI was variable, and the crowding effect did not differ between shortleaf and loblolly pine (p ranged from 0.51–0.99). Competitive impacts on focal trees did not differ by competitor identity (p ranged from 0.07–0.70). Distance-independent competition indices better explained the variation in BAI and horizontal crown metrics, while distance-dependent size ratios were more effective at evaluating vertical crown metrics. These findings highlight shortleaf pine competitive potential in mature, natural-origin stands and provide support for the restoration of pine–hardwood and hardwood–pine stratified mixtures as well as management of shortleaf pine at long rotations.

Field performance and early test results of offspring from two Norway spruce seed orchards containing clones transferred to warmer climates

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Skrøppa ◽  
Ketil Kohmann ◽  
Øystein Johnsen ◽  
Arne Steffenrem ◽  
Øyvind M. Edvardsen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Seed Crops

We present results from early tests and field trials of offspring from two Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seed orchards containing clones that have been transferred from high altitudes to sea level and from northern to southern latitudes. Seedlings from seeds produced in the low-altitude seed orchard developed frost hardiness later at the end of the growth season, flushed later in field trials, and grew taller than seedlings from seeds produced in natural stands. They had the lowest mortality rate and the lowest frequency of injuries in the field trials. Similar results were observed in seedlings from seeds produced in the southern seed orchard. We found no adverse effects of the changed growth rhythm. Seedlings from two seed crops in the southern orchard, produced in years with a warm and a cold summer, had different annual growth rhythms. The results are explained mainly by the effects of the climatic conditions during the reproductive phase. Seed crops from different years in the same seed orchard may produce seedlings that perform as if they were from different provenances. It is argued that the effects of the climatic conditions during seed production must contribute to the variation among provenances of Norway spruce.

Sugar beet seed production and marketing in the United Kingdom

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 284-289
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
The Impact

Sugar beet differs from most other farm seed crops, in that “varieties” are mixtures of hybrids from a blend of genotypes. Growing and processing are two equally important aspects of seed production. In this article, cultural and harvesting methods are described, and processing and marketing procedures are briefly outlined. The impact of EEC regulations affecting seeds is also considered.

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