scholarly journals 1062 The Role of Sleep in Sex and Racial/Ethnic Differences in 10-Year CVD Risk in the Sleep Heart Health Study: The Use of Machine-Learnt and Precision Insights to Understand Racial/Ethnic and Sex Differences in Sleep-CVD Disparity

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A403-A405
Author(s):  
A Seixas ◽  
P Jin ◽  
M Liu ◽  
J Nunes ◽  
M Grandner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cluster Analyses ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Level 2

Abstract Introduction The current study investigated whether insufficient sleep (<7 hrs.) explains differences in 10-year CVD risk, using Framingham risk (FRS) and Reynolds risk (RRS) scores, between blacks and whites and characterized risk and protective CVD risk profiles. Methods Using the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) (N=6,441) data, we investigated the independent role of insufficient sleep in explaining differences in 10-years CVD between blacks and whites via a proportional odds model of four 10-year CVD risk groups: low (<5%), low-medium (5% to <10%), medium-high (10% to <20%) and high (≥20%), adjusting for age, sex, and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). We performed two levels of cluster analyses; via hierarchical cluster algorithm with entire sample (Level 1), and latent profiles in the low (protective profiles) and high (risk profiles) CVD risk groups (Level 2) to determine overall CVD risk, and risk and protective CVD profiles. Results Blacks had a higher prevalence of smoking behavior, diabetes, mean systolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol compared to whites. Conversely, whites had a higher mean HDL cholesterol, sleep hours, and sleep efficiency compared to blacks. Men had higher 10-year CVD risk than women. AHI and race/ethnicity-sleep interaction were positively associated, while sleep was negatively associated with FRS and RRS. Across all CVD risk groups, whites who slept less than 5.5 hrs. had a higher CVD risk and those who slept more than 6.5 hrs. had a lower CVD risk compared to blacks. In Level 1 cluster analyses, we found two clusters: Cluster 1 (n= 3233): 6.17 sleep hours, apnea-index 11.84, age 59, SBP 125.43, total cholesterol 209, HDL 51.39, BMI 29.03, and slightly more than 50% female; and Cluster 2 (n=1657): 5.61 sleep hours, apnea-index 13.41, age 74, SBP 131, total cholesterol 204, HDL 50.30, BMI 26.45, and slightly less than 50% female. In Level 2 cluster analyses, we found two profiles within the low and high CVD risk groups. Conclusion These findings suggest that blacks may not receive full protection from long-term CVD risk with longer sleep duration, as their white counterparts. Support K01HL135452, R01MD007716, R01HL142066, K07AG052685

scholarly journals The epigenetic etiology of cardiovascular disease in a longitudinal Swedish twin study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueying Qin ◽  
Ida K. Karlsson ◽  
Yunzhang Wang ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Nancy Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Latent Trajectory ◽  
Lagged Effects ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Cardiometabolic Traits

Abstract Background Studies on DNA methylation have the potential to discover mechanisms of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the role of DNA methylation in CVD etiology remains unclear. Results We performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) on CVD in a longitudinal sample of Swedish twins (535 individuals). We selected CpGs reaching the Bonferroni-corrected significance level (2 $$\times$$ ×  10–7) or the top-ranked 20 CpGs with the lowest P values if they did not reach this significance level in EWAS analysis associated with non-stroke CVD, overall stroke, and ischemic stroke, respectively. We further applied a bivariate autoregressive latent trajectory model with structured residuals (ALT-SR) to evaluate the cross-lagged effect between DNA methylation of these CpGs and cardiometabolic traits (blood lipids, blood pressure, and body mass index). Furthermore, mediation analysis was performed to evaluate whether the cross-lagged effects had causal impacts on CVD. In the EWAS models, none of the CpGs we selected reached the Bonferroni-corrected significance level. The ALT-SR model showed that DNA methylation levels were more likely to predict the subsequent level of cardiometabolic traits rather than the other way around (numbers of significant cross-lagged paths of methylation → trait/trait → methylation were 84/4, 45/6, 66/1 for the identified three CpG sets, respectively). Finally, we demonstrated significant indirect effects from DNA methylation on CVD mediated by cardiometabolic traits. Conclusions We present evidence for a directional association from DNA methylation on cardiometabolic traits and CVD, rather than the opposite, highlighting the role of epigenetics in CVD development.

Abstract P006: Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Burden is Associated With Hearing Loss in Young Men: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael R Baiduc ◽  
Brittany Bogle ◽  
Franklyn Gonzalez ◽  
Elizabeth Dinces ◽  
David J Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Hispanic Community

Introduction: Over 30 million Americans suffer from hearing loss (HL). Studies suggest that established cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors may contribute to the pathophysiology of the inner ear. However, the aggregate effect of CVD risk factors on hearing is not well understood. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that high CVD risk burden is associated with worse hearing. Methods: We assessed younger (ages 18-34) and older (ages 55-64) Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos participants who underwent audiometry in 2008-11. After excluding those with conductive pathology and asymmetric HL, we randomly chose one ear for analysis. Puretone thresholds were obtained at 0.5-8 kHz; puretone average (PTA) was calculated using thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. Low CVD risk burden was defined as having all of: blood pressure (BP) <120/<80 mmHg; total cholesterol <180 mg/dL; not currently smoking; and not having prevalent diabetes. High CVD risk burden was defined as ≥ 2 of: diabetes; currently smoking; BP >160/>100 mmHg (or antihypertensive use); and total cholesterol >240 mg/dL (or statin use). By age group and sex, we estimated hearing thresholds per frequency with linear regression models adjusted for noise exposure. Least squares estimates were calculated using strata-specific means of covariates. Estimates were compared via t-tests. Data were weighted for all analyses and accounted for clustering. Results: Among younger and older individuals in the target population (51.9% female), 28.8% had low and 5.5% had high CVD risk. Younger men with high CVD risk had worse PTA than young men with low risk (7.7 dB HL [7.0-8.4] vs. 10.5 dB HL [8.4-12.5], p =0.02), and had significantly worse thresholds at 1,3,4,6 kHz than those with low risk ( Figure ). There was no difference in PTA or thresholds at any frequency by CVD risk burden in young women, older men, or older women. Conclusions: CVD risk burden is associated with HL among young men, but not young women or older adults. CVD risk burden may be useful for identifying young men at risk for HL.

Conversational humor and job satisfaction at work: exploring the role of humor production, appreciation, and positive affect

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Robert ◽  
Serge P. da Motta Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Humor Appreciation ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level 2

AbstractThis study examined whether everyday conversational humor is related to job satisfaction, and if the relationship is mediated by positive affect. We also explored differences between the roles of humor production and humor appreciation, and tested the cyclical nature of the relationship by examining whether job satisfaction stimulates subsequent humor. Data were obtained through an experience sampling study in which participants completed two brief surveys each day for 10 consecutive workdays (Level 1 n=237–279, Level 2 N=35). Results revealed a positive relationship between humor and job satisfaction that was partially mediated by positive affect, and also indicated that job satisfaction on day

The Chief Executive Officer

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Petter Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
Chief Executive Officer ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Chief Information Officer ◽  
Senior Executives ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Ceo Successions ◽  
Level 2

The chief executive officer (CEO) is the only executive at level 1 in the hierarchy of an organization (Carpenter & Wade, 2002). All other executives in the organization are at lower levels. At level 2, we find the most senior executives. Level 3 includes the next tier of executives. In our perspective of promoting the chief information officer (CIO) to be the next CEO, we first have to understand the role of the CEO. Therefore, the first chapter of this book is dedicated to the topic of CEO successions (Zhang & Rajagopalan, 2004).

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Among Latinos in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monik C Jiménez ◽  
Katherine L Tucker ◽  
Fátima Rodriguez ◽  
Bianca C Porneala ◽  
James B Meigs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Health Study ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Low blood dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels have strong positive associations with stroke and coronary heart disease. However, it is unclear whether DHEAS is independently associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, we examined the association between cardiovascular risk factors and DHEAS concentration among a high-risk population of Latinos (Puerto Ricans aged 45 to 75 years at baseline) in a cross-sectional analysis of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. Of eligible participants, 72% completed baseline interviews and provided blood samples. Complete data were available for 1355 participants. Associations between cardiovascular risk factors (age, sex, total cholesterol, high-density lipid cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose) and log-transformed DHEAS (μg/dL) were assessed. In robust multivariable regression analyses, DHEAS was significantly inversely associated with age (β = −12.4; 95% CI: −15.2, −9.7; per 5 years), being female (vs. male) (β = −46; 95% CI: −55.3, −36.6), and plasma triglyceride concentration (β = −0.2; 95% CI: −0.3, −0.1; per 10 mg/dL) and was positively associated with total cholesterol and plasma glucose levels (β = 1.8; 95% CI: 0.6, 3 and β = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.3, respectively, per 10 mg/dL) after adjustment for smoking, alcohol, and physical activity and for postmenopausal hormone use in women. Estimates were unchanged after adjustment for measures of chronic disease and inflammation. Women exhibited a stronger age-related decline in DHEAS and a positive association with glucose in contrast to findings among men (Pinteraction &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, in this large study of Latinos with a heavy cardiovascular risk factor burden, we observed significant associations between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and DHEAS, with variations by sex. These findings improve our understanding of the role DHEAS may play in CVD etiology.

The role of performance measurement models in multi level alignment

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1153-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney McAdam ◽  
Shirley-Ann Hazlett ◽  
Brendan Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Functional Strategy ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

Purpose – Market deregulation in the utilities sector has led to increased competition and rising customer expectations in both established and new markets. This, in turn, has forced organisations such as electricity and telecoms to make rapid, enterprise-wide changes on an increasingly frequent basis which in turn has led to problems with alignment. Misalignment can occur at many levels and can result in misused resources, loss of competitiveness, excessive cycle times, higher costs and loss of agility. The purpose of this paper is twofold. Given the lack of overarching theory, the paper begins by borrowing from contingency, dynamic capability and organisational learning constructs, to explore the role that performance measurement models can bring to improve the alignment between business strategy and functional strategy (level 1 alignment). Second, the paper analyses the role of performance measurement models in developing functional practices aligned with supply chain management (SCM) strategies (level 2 alignment). Design/methodology/approach – The study adopts an exploratory theory-building approach using four case studies. These are used as key supply chains in both established and new business areas within two longitudinal university-industry research partnerships (each of three years duration). Data from repeat interviews (n=42), focus groups (n=10), documentation and observations is analysed and forms the basis for the development of a conceptual framework and a set of related propositions. The data analysis followed Radnor and Boaden's (2004) method for analysing interpretive research. Findings – The findings show the role and impact of performance measurement models and methods on alignment at two levels, i.e. level 1 alignment – between business strategy and functional (SCM) strategy, and level 2 alignment – between the functional strategy (SCM) and SCM routines and practices. Originality/value – To date, there are few studies which explore the development of theory and practice in relation to the role and impact of performance measurement models and methods in improving organisational alignment. This exploratory theory building study makes a contribution to this gap through the development of the conceptual framework and propositions.

scholarly journals PEMBELAJARAN KONSTRUKTIVISTIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SMA

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Handoko Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Critical Thinking Ability ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Thinking Ability ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

The purpose of this research is to know the influence of biology through constructivistic learning towards the critical thinking ability. This research addresses the role of constructivistic learning (inquiry and cooperative learning strategy) as well as these interactions towards the increase of the critical thinking ability. Quasy experimental research of Pretest-postest nonequivalent control group design with factorial design 2x2x2 were implemented on X grade student of the state SMA in Metro City Lampung. The  research sample consists of 96 students. To examine hypothesis, it is used Ancova technique and continued by LSD test. There was a difference on the critical thinking ability  between students who learn by inquiry level 1 with student who learn by inquiry level 2. and there was not difference on the critical thinking ability  between students who learn by STAD cooperative  with student who learn by TPS. There is no effect of interaction between inquiry with cooperative towards the critical thinking ability. Kata kunci: konstuktivistik, kemampuan berpikir kritis

The Smithsonian Folklife Festival: Many Auspicious Doors

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Belanus
Keyword(s):  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Visitor Experience ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Present Level ◽  
Visitor Studies ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Level 2

This chapter uses the 2008 Bhutan program to examine visitor experience and the role of curators in crafting these experiences. Using the suggestive possibilities of a portable Buddhist shrine featured in the program and basing the analysis on 20 years of experience working with the Festival and its evaluation, the author lays out a framework for analyzing four levels of Festival visitor engagement: Level 1—Sensory Cultural Enlightenment/Being Present; Level 2—Choosing a Route/Moving Through; Level 3—Viewing and Taking part in the Live Performance/Active Experiencing; and Level 4—Revealing the Deeper Layers/Discovering More. The chapter concludes with observations about visitor studies relevant to museums as well as festivals.

scholarly journals Revisiting the roles and responsibilities of speech-language therapists in South African schools

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Wium ◽  
Brenda Louw
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Support Programmes ◽  
Level 2

The role of speech-language therapists (SLTs) in schools in South Africa needs to be revisited based on the changing educational needs in the country. Th is article builds on a paper by Kathard et al. (2011), which discussed the changing needs of the country with regard to the role of SLTs working in schools. South African policy changes indicated a shift from supporting the child to supporting the teacher, but also place more emphasis on the support of all learners in literacy in an eff ort to address past inequities. Th is paper addresses several of the questions that emerged from Kathard et al. and explores the collaborative roles played by SLTs on four levels in the education context. Collaboration at the learner level (level 1) focuses on prevention and support, whereas collaboration at the teacher level (level 2) is described in terms of training, mentoring, monitoring and consultation. Collaboration can also occur at the district level (level 3), where the focus is mainly on the development and implementation of support programmes for teachers in areas of literacy and numeracy. Collaboration at the level of national and provincial education (level 4) is key to all other roles, as it impacts on policy. Th is last level is the platform to advocate for the employment of SLTs in schools. Such new roles and responsibilities have important implications for the preparation of future SLTs. Suggestions for curricular review and professional development are discussed. It is proposed that SASLHA responds to the changes by developing a position statement on the roles and responsibilities of SLTs in schools.

scholarly journals Trade-wind clouds and aerosols characterized by airborne horizontal lidar measurements during the EUREC<sup>4</sup>A field campaign

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Chazette ◽  
Julien Totems ◽  
Alexandre Baron ◽  
Cyrille Flamant ◽  
Sandrine Bony
Keyword(s):  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Trade Wind ◽  
Shallow Convection ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Cloud Mask ◽  
Level 2

Abstract. From 23 January to 13 February 2020, twenty ATR-42 flights were conducted over the tropical Atlantic, off the coast of Barbados (−58°30' W 13°30' N), to characterize the trade-wind clouds generated by shallow convection. These flights were conducted as part of the international EUREC4A (Elucidating the role of clouds-circulation coupling in climate) field campaign. One of the objectives of these flights was to characterize the trade-wind cumuli at their base for a range of meteorological conditions, convective mesoscale organizations and times of the day, with the help of sidewards staring remote sensing (lidar and radar). This paper presents the datasets associated with horizontal lidar measurements. The lidar sampled clouds from a lateral window of the aircraft over a range of about 8 km, with a horizontal resolution of 15 to 30 m, over a rectangle pattern of 20 km by 130 km. The measurements made it possible to characterize the size distribution of clouds near their base, and the presence of dust-like aerosols within and above the marine boundary layer. This paper presents the measurements and the different levels of data processing, ranging from raw level 1 data (https://doi.org/10.25326/57; Chazette et al., 2020c) to level 2 and 3 processed data that include an horizontal cloud mask (https://doi.org/10.25326/58; Chazette et al., 2020b) and aerosol extinction coefficients (https://doi.org/10.25326/59; Chazette et al., 2020a). An intermediate level, companion to the level 1 data (level 1.5), is also available for calibrated and geolocalized data ( https://doi.org/10.25326/57; Chazette et al., 2020c).

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