scholarly journals P089 Loneliness and sleep duration among healthy older adults in Southeast Queensland, Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A50-A50
Author(s):  
J Lam ◽  
D Mann ◽  
C Pattinson ◽  
A Allan ◽  
S Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Timing Variability

Abstract Introduction The relationship between sleep duration and loneliness among healthy older adults is not fully understood. Shorter sleep duration and increased variability of sleep timing (sleep onset and wake time) have recently been shown to have adverse health outcomes in younger adults. While physiological stressors associated with loneliness are likely distinct, we hypothesise that older adults who identify as lonely have reduced sleep duration and increased variability of sleep timing. Methods Older individuals (N=60) without significant co-morbidities were recruited via convenience sampling. Participants completed the de Jong Giervield Loneliness Scale and wore an actigraph for up to 2 weeks. Sleep metrics from actigraphy (sleep onset and wake times, and SD) were determined by algorithm assisted human scoring. Results Valid data was retrieved from N=37 participants (age 83±6.8 years [mean±SD]). There were no significant differences in demographics between those in the lonely (N=19) and not lonely (N=18) groupings. There was substantial heterogeneity in individual participant’s sleep metrics, both within and between groupings. The average sleep onset time was similar between groups, however lonely participants typically woke earlier resulting in slightly shorter sleep duration. Variability in sleep onset and wake times was reduced in lonely participants. Discussion While shorter sleep duration was expected, we did not anticipate the reduction in sleep timing variability amongst those defined as lonely; more regular sleep periods have previously been associated with better outcomes. We did not see statistically significant differences between our groups, possibly due to sample size limitations, however, the unexpected trend warrants further investigation.

Aggression in Young Adults — A Matter of Short Sleep and Social Jetlag?

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 754-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Randler ◽  
Christian Vollmer
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Composite Scale ◽  
Social Jetlag ◽  
Aggression Questionnaire

Evening orientation and sleep duration have been linked with aggression and problematic behaviors, but no study has used an explicit aggression questionnaire. The present study used the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire based on physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility, as well as questionnaires on the timing of sleep and sleep duration to assess this relationship in young adult men. The Composite Scale of Morningness was used to assess circadian preference; sleep-wake variables (wake time and sleep onset time on weekdays and on weekend days) were used to calculate midpoint of sleep, social jetlag, and sleep duration. Results indicated that sleep duration correlated negatively with verbal aggression, physical aggression, and anger. Short sleepers were more aggressive. Using multivariate analysis of variance, shorter sleep duration was a significant predictor of verbal aggression and anger. Concerning physical aggression, social jetlag also contributed to the model. Morningness-eveningness was associated with the hostility scale with eveningness related to higher hostility. Men scored higher than women in physical and verbal aggression.

scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Influences on Sleep-Wake Behaviours in Adolescence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria S O'Callaghan ◽  
Narelle K Hansell ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Joanne S Carpenter ◽  
Haochang Shou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Genetic Source ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Restorative Sleep

Abstract Study Objectives To investigate the influence of genetic and environmental factors on sleep-wake behaviours across adolescence. Methods Four hundred and ninety-five participants (aged 9 to 17; 55% females), including 93 monozygotic (MZ) and 117 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, and 75 unmatched twins, wore an accelerometry device and completed a sleep diary for two weeks. Results Individual differences in sleep onset, wake time, and sleep midpoint were influenced by both additive genetic (44-50% of total variance) and shared environmental (31-42%) factors, with a predominant genetic influence for sleep duration (62%) and restorative sleep (43%). When stratified into younger (aged 9-14) and older (aged 16-17) subsamples, genetic sources were more prominent in older adolescents. The moderate correlation between sleep duration and midpoint (rP = -.43, rG = .54) was attributable to a common genetic source. Sleep-wake behaviours on school and non-school nights were correlated (rP = .44-.72) and influenced by the same genetic and shared environmental factors. Genetic sources specific to night-type were also identified, for all behaviours except restorative sleep. Conclusions There were strong genetic influences on sleep-wake phenotypes, particularly on sleep timing, in adolescence. Moreover, there may be common genetic influences underlying both sleep and circadian rhythms. The differences in sleep-wake behaviours on school and non-school nights could be attributable to genetic factors involved in reactivity to environmental context.

scholarly journals Association between Sleep Time and Blood Pressure in Korean Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Analysis of KNHANES VII

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1202
Author(s):  
Suk-Won Chang ◽  
Ju-Wan Kang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Korean Adolescents ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Hypertension is highly related to sleep, and there have been a number of studies on sleep deprivation and the occurrence of hypertension. However, there is still insufficient research on the relationship between hypertension and various factors related to sleep. Thus, this study attempted to investigate the relationship between hypertension and sleep time-related variables in Korean adolescents. Methods: A total of 1470 adolescents (709 girls and 761 boys) between 12 and 18 years of age were enrolled through the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured. Sleep time-related variables such as sleep onset time, wake time, and sleep duration (weekday and weekend, each) were also investigated using a questionnaire. We performed multivariate regression analyses to determine the independent effects of the variables. Results: Systolic blood pressure was negatively correlated with the wake time (r = −0.081; p = 0.002) and sleep onset time (r = −0.088; p = 0.001) on weekends. There was a positive correlation between diastolic blood pressure and weekday sleep onset time (r = 0.158; p = 0.000) and weekend sleep onset time (r = 0.184; p = 0.000). The sleep duration on weekdays and weekends showed a negative correlation (r = −0.136; p = 0.000, r = −0.088; p = 0.001, respectively). In the multivariate linear regression analysis results, the sleep onset time on weekends was significantly correlated with elevated diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions: Delayed sleep onset time on weekends was significantly associated with increased diastolic blood pressure in Korean adolescents. Further investigation is needed to confirm the clinical significance of these findings.

scholarly journals 235 Age and Chronotype Associated with Sleep Timing Changes During COVID-19-Related Lockdowns in the US

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A94-A94
Author(s):  
Ryan Bottary ◽  
Eric Fields ◽  
Elizabeth Kensinger ◽  
Tony Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Period Change ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Social Jetlag ◽  
The Us

Abstract Introduction Global lockdowns implemented to reduce spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have offered unique insight into how sleep patterns change when typical social obligations are significantly reduced. Here, we aimed to replicate findings of sleep timing delays and reduced social jetlag during lockdown using a large, regionally-diverse sample of participants from the United States (US). Further, we conducted exploratory analyses to determine if observed sleep changes were associated with age and self-reported chronotype. Methods A sample of 691 US adults (age 18-89) completed the Ultrashort Munich Chronotype Questionnaire twice during the same assessment: once querying retrospective memory for sleep patterns in the 6-weeks prior to February 1, 2020 (Pre-Lockdown) and a second time for sleep patterns in the 6-weeks prior to ~May 20th (Peak-Lockdown in the US). Participants also completed the abbreviated Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire to assess chronotype. We compared sleep duration (SDur), sleep onset time (SO), sleep end time (SEnd), social jetlag (SJL; difference between work-day and free-day sleep midpoint) and social sleep restriction (SSR; difference between work-day and free-day sleep duration) Pre- to Peak-Lockdown. We conducted exploratory analyses to determine whether Pre- to Peak-Lockdown changes in these sleep metrics were associated with age or chronotype. Main analyses were preregistered with Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/4a3fx). Results During the Peak-Lockdown period, participants, on average, reported significantly later SO and SEnd times and significantly reduced SJL and SSR compared with the Pre-Lockdown period. Change in SJL and SSR Pre- to Peak-Lockdown was significantly positively associated with age and chronotype such that SJL and SSR decreased more during lockdown in younger participants and those with an evening chronotype. Conclusion Our results support lockdown-associated sleep timing delays and reduced SJL and SSR. Younger age and evening chronotype were associated with greater reductions in SJL and SSR during lockdown. These findings suggest that individuals, particularly young individuals and those with an evening chronotype, experience greatest desynchrony between intrinsic and social sleep timing when conforming to typical pre-pandemic social schedules. Support (if any) Harvard Medical School Division of Sleep Medicine T32 HL007901 (RB and TJC); Brandeis University NIH NRSA T32 NS007292 (ECF)

scholarly journals Sleep in Normal Aging, Homeostatic and Circadian Regulation and Vulnerability to Sleep Deprivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Jacques Taillard ◽  
Claude Gronfier ◽  
Stéphanie Bioulac ◽  
Pierre Philip ◽  
Patricia Sagaspe
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Neurobehavioral Function ◽  
Age Related

In the context of geriatric research, a growing body of evidence links normal age-related changes in sleep with many adverse health outcomes, especially a decline in cognition in older adults. The most important sleep alterations that continue to worsen after 60 years involve sleep timing, (especially early wake time, phase advance), sleep maintenance (continuity of sleep interrupted by numerous awakenings) and reduced amount of sigma activity (during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep) associated with modifications of sleep spindle characteristics (density, amplitude, frequency) and spindle–Slow Wave coupling. After 60 years, there is a very clear gender-dependent deterioration in sleep. Even if there are degradations of sleep after 60 years, daytime wake level and especially daytime sleepiness is not modified with age. On the other hand, under sleep deprivation condition, older adults show smaller cognitive impairments than younger adults, suggesting an age-related lower vulnerability to extended wakefulness. These sleep and cognitive age-related modifications would be due to a reduced homeostatic drive and consequently a reduced sleep need, an attenuation of circadian drive (reduction of sleep forbidden zone in late afternoon and wake forbidden zone in early morning), a modification of the interaction of the circadian and homeostatic processes and/or an alteration of subcortical structures involved in generation of circadian and homeostatic drive, or connections to the cerebral cortex with age. The modifications and interactions of these two processes with age are still uncertain, and still require further investigation. The understanding of the respective contribution of circadian and homeostatic processes in the regulation of neurobehavioral function with aging present a challenge for improving health, management of cognitive decline and potential early chronobiological or sleep-wake interventions.

Nocturnal Sleep–Wake Parameters of Adolescents at Home Following Cancer Chemotherapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy J. Walker ◽  
Kyle P. Johnson ◽  
Christine Miaskowski ◽  
Vivian Gedaly-Duff
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Cancer Chemotherapy ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Nocturnal Sleep ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
At Home

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive, longitudinal study was to describe objective nocturnal sleep–wake parameters of adolescents at home after receiving chemotherapy in the hospital or outpatient clinic and explore differences in sleep variables by age, gender, and corticosteroid use. Methods: We collected 7 days of wrist actigraphy and sleep diary data from 48 adolescents (10–19 years) who were receiving cancer chemotherapy for a primary or secondary cancer or a relapse. The actigraphic sleep variables included rest interval (i.e., time in bed), sleep onset, sleep offset, sleep duration, total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and %WASO. Results: Of the 48 adolescents, 38 had at least five nights of scored actigraphy and were included in analyses. Older (13–18 years) adolescents went to bed later and had fewer minutes of TST than younger adolescents (10–12 years). Exploratory analyses revealed no differences between adolescents who were taking oral corticosteroids (i.e., prednisone, dexamethasone) and those who were not or between males and females. Conclusion: These adolescents had sleep durations that met or exceeded the recommended sleep duration for their age groups but experienced significant WASO. Further research is needed to estimate sleep needs of adolescents during chemotherapy and determine factors that contribute to nocturnal wake-time so that targeted interventions can be designed to improve sleep quality.

scholarly journals Locus coeruleus integrity in old age is selectively related to memories linked with salient negative events

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 2228-2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea Hämmerer ◽  
Martina F. Callaghan ◽  
Alexandra Hopkins ◽  
Julian Kosciessa ◽  
Matthew Betts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Aversive Events ◽  
Strong Motivation ◽  
Noradrenergic Modulation

The locus coeruleus (LC) is the principal origin of noradrenaline in the brain. LC integrity varies considerably across healthy older individuals, and is suggested to contribute to altered cognitive functions in aging. Here we test this hypothesis using an incidental memory task that is known to be susceptible to noradrenergic modulation. We used MRI neuromelanin (NM) imaging to assess LC structural integrity and pupillometry as a putative index of LC activation in both younger and older adults. We show that older adults with reduced structural LC integrity show poorer subsequent memory. This effect is more pronounced for emotionally negative events, in accord with a greater role for noradrenergic modulation in encoding salient or aversive events. In addition, we found that salient stimuli led to greater pupil diameters, consistent with increased LC activation during the encoding of such events. Our study presents novel evidence that a decrement in noradrenergic modulation impacts on specific components of cognition in healthy older adults. The findings provide a strong motivation for further investigation of the effects of altered LC integrity in pathological aging.

Sleep misestimation among older adults suffering from insomnia with short and normal objective sleep duration and the effects of cognitive behavior therapy

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Lovato ◽  
Gorica Micic ◽  
Leon Lack
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Normal Sleep

Abstract Study Objectives Compare the degree of sleep misestimation in older adults with insomnia presenting with objectively short relative to normal sleep duration, and investigate the differential therapeutic response on sleep misestimation between the proposed sleep duration phenotypes to cognitive-behavior therapy for insomnia (CBTi). Methods Ninety-one adults (male = 43, mean age = 63.34, SD = 6.41) with sleep maintenance insomnia were classified as short sleepers (SS; <6 h total sleep time [TST]) or normal sleepers (NS; ≥6 h TST) based on one night of home-based polysomnography. Participants were randomly allocated to CBTi (N = 30 SS, N = 33 NS) or to a wait-list control condition (N = 9 SS, N = 19 NS). Sleep misestimation was calculated as the difference scores of subjective (sleep diary reported) and objective (derived from actigraphy) sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and TST at pre- and post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Results Prior to treatment, perception of SOL, WASO, and TST did not differ between patients with objectively short sleep duration relative to those with objectively normal sleep duration. Patients’ perception of WASO and TST, improved immediately following treatment and at 3-month follow-up relative to the waitlist group. These improvements did not differ significantly between those with short or normal objective sleep duration prior to treatment. Conclusions The degree of sleep misestimation is similar for older adults suffering from chronic insomnia with short or normal objective sleep duration. Irrespective of objective sleep duration prior to treatment, CBTi produces significant improvements in sleep perception. Clinical Trial Registration Number ACTRN12620000883910

Effect of exercise on sleep and bi-directional associations with accelerometer-assessed physical activity in men with obesity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Plekhanova ◽  
Alex V. Rowlands ◽  
Melanie Davies ◽  
Charlotte L. Edwardson ◽  
Andrew Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Post Intervention

This study examined the effect of exercise training on sleep duration and quality and bidirectional day-to-day relationships between physical activity (PA) and sleep. Fourteen inactive men with obesity (49.2±7.9 years, BMI 34.9±2.8 kg/m²) completed a baseline visit, eight-week aerobic exercise intervention, and one-month post-intervention follow-up. PA and sleep were assessed continuously throughout the study duration using wrist-worn accelerometry. Generalised estimating equations (GEE) were used to examine associations between PA and sleep. Sleep duration increased from 5.2h at baseline to 6.6h during the intervention period and 6.5h at one-month post-intervention follow-up (p<0.001). Bi-directional associations showed that higher overall activity volume and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were associated with earlier sleep onset time (p<0.05). Later timing of sleep onset was associated with lower overall volume of activity, most active continuous 30 minutes (M30CONT), and MVPA (p<0.05). Higher overall activity volume, M30CONT, and MVPA predicted more wake after sleep onset (WASO) (p<0.001), whereas greater WASO was associated with higher overall volume of activity, M30CONT, and MVPA (p<0.001). An aerobic exercise intervention increased usual sleep duration. Day-to-day, more PA predicted earlier sleep onset, but worse sleep quality and vice versa. Novelty: • Greater levels of physical activity in the day were associated with an earlier sleep onset time that night, whereas a later timing of sleep onset was associated with lower physical activity the next day in men with obesity • Higher physical activity levels were associated with worse sleep quality, and vice versa

scholarly journals DNA methylation and cognitive functioning in healthy older adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 744-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga J. G. Schiepers ◽  
Martin P. J. van Boxtel ◽  
Renate H. M. de Groot ◽  
Jelle Jolles ◽  
Frans J. Kok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship

Long-term supplementation with folic acid may improve cognitive performance in older individuals. The relationship between folate status and cognitive performance might be mediated by changes in methylation capacity, as methylation reactions are important for normal functioning of the brain. Although aberrant DNA methylation has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, the relationship between DNA methylation status and non-pathological cognitive functioning in human subjects has not yet been investigated. The present study investigated the associations between global DNA methylation and key domains of cognitive functioning in healthy older adults. Global DNA methylation, defined as the percentage of methylated cytosine to total cytosine, was measured in leucocytes by liquid chromatography–MS/MS, in 215 men and women, aged 50–70 years, who participated in the Folic Acid and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (FACIT) study (clinical trial registration number NCT00110604). Cognitive performance was assessed by means of the Visual Verbal Word Learning Task, the Stroop Colour-Word Interference Test, the Concept Shifting Test, the Letter–Digit Substitution Test and the Verbal Fluency Test. Using hierarchical linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, level of education, alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, erythrocyte folate concentration and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677 C → T genotype, we found that global DNA methylation was not related to cognitive performance on any of the domains measured. The present study results do not support the hypothesis that global DNA methylation, as measured in leucocytes, might be associated with cognitive functioning in healthy older individuals.

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