Navigating the Religious Gender Binary

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helana Darwin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Nonbinary Gender ◽  
Regulatory Impact

Abstract This study illustrates the regulatory impact of binary gender ideology upon religious practitioners through interview data from 44 religious and formerly religious nonbinary people (who do not identify as simply men or women). Results indicate that nonbinary people who wish to maintain religious ties must either adjust religion to accommodate their nonbinary gender or accept misgendering to accommodate their religious tradition, with very few alternative options. They must overcome ideological, liturgical, and ritual obstacles while navigating the regulatory barrier that this article calls “the religious gender binary.” Challenges intensify for religious minorities in practice-based traditions due to structural constraints. These findings contribute toward the sociology of religion by (1) demonstrating how nonbinary people experience the binary (cis)gendering of reality across religious traditions and (2) illuminating the need for more research that centers gender minorities and religious minorities, as the sociology of gender and religion expands beyond cisnormative and Christonormative frameworks.

Nonbinary Gender Identities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hegarty ◽  
Y. Gavriel Ansara ◽  
Meg-John Barker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Health Culture ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Nonbinary Gender ◽  
Language And Cognition ◽  
Binary Options ◽  
Gender Categories ◽  
Binary Gender

This chapter concerns nonbinary genders; identities and roles between or beyond gender categories such as the binary options ‘women and men,’ for example. We review the emerging literature on people who do not identify with such binary gender schemes, unpack the often-implicit logic of thinking about others through the lens of gender binary schemes, and briefly describe some other less-researched, but longstanding cultural gender systems which recognize nonbinary genders. This chapter makes the case that consideration of nonbinary genders is germane to several core topics in psychology including identity, mental health, culture, social norms, language, and cognition.

scholarly journals The Impact of Religious Atmosphere on Corporate Governance: An Empirical Study Based on the Number of Temples around Listed Companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. p11
Author(s):  
Kaikai Liu ◽  
Xinyi Wang ◽  
Jingjing Liang
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
The Impact

Religious belief can affect individual’s behavior. It usually induces managers to be more risk averse, thereby mitigating the agency problem and positively influencing governance. This paper conducts an empirical study to analysis the effect of religious atmosphere on corporate governance. It could be figured out that strong religious atmosphere plays an active role in corporate governance. The stronger the influence of religious tradition on listed companies, the less likely the managers are to violate the rules. Through precepts and deeds, these religious traditions are passed on from generation to generation and have become a significant factor affecting human economic behavior.

Secularism and Multiculturalism in India: Some Reflections

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochana Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Hindu Nationalism ◽  
Religious Identities ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

What role does secularism have in the governance of religious diversity in an age marked by the assertion of religio-cultural identities across the world? India, with its long history of religious pluralism, a state ideology of secularism, and the ascendancy of Hindu nationalism, is a key site for examining the disposition of secularism towards religious identities and diversity. Secularism and multiculturalism are often seen as opposed in political debates involving religious minorities, notably the well-known French headscarf case. Several scholars have suggested that religious traditions offer better resources for toleration than modern secularism (for India, see, for example, Madan 1998: 316; Nandy 1998:336–7). Others, more sympathetic to secularism, have also suggested that it may be deficient in the normative resources required for the accommodation of religious practices, particularly in the case of minorities (Mahajan, this volume; Modood 2010).

Nones

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-162
Author(s):  
Tim Clydesdale ◽  
Kathleen Garces-Foley
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
National Study ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Popular Press ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Growing Population

Relying on in-depth interviews and the National Study of American Twentysomethings, this chapter describes the heterogeneous young adults who are religious unaffiliated. Known in the popular press as the Nones, most of these young adults were raised in a Christian religious tradition, which they now reject, but that does not mean they have no interest in religion. Some are anti-religious and many are disinterested, but others hold traditional beliefs in a personal God and in an afterlife while rejecting religious institutions. Still others create an eclectic spirituality that draws from many religious traditions. The chapter provides estimated proportions of Nones who are philosophical secularists, indifferent secularists, spiritual eclectics, and unaffiliated believers. This chapter examines the role of context in the fluid religious, spiritual, and secular identities of twentysomething Nones and reports on the values, behaviors, and confidence in social institutions of this growing population.

Two Concepts of God

1966 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-240
Author(s):  
John Lachs
Keyword(s):  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Religious Language ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Philosophical Theology ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
God Concepts ◽  
Scientific Curiosity ◽  
Concepts Of God ◽  
Theology Proper

Philosophers have long debated the question of the existence of God. This is one of many philosophical issues in which the motivation for inquiry has come more perhaps from the side of human feeling than from disinterested scientific curiosity. Powerful emotions appear to prompt thinkers to devote effort to the attempt to prove or disprove the existence of God. The urgency of this task has made some of these philosophers pay less than adequate heed to the concepts they employ. It appears to have escaped the attention of many of them that the word “God” does not have a single meaning either in religious language generally or in philosophical theology. It is obvious that one of the important ways in which religious traditions differ is in their conceptions of the Deity. But a considerable number of different God-concepts may be distinguished in the Judeo-Christian religious tradition itself, and not even in Christian theology proper is the word “God” free of ambiguity.

Buddhist Encounters with Diversity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald K. Swearer
Keyword(s):  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Singular Terms ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Buddhist Tradition ◽  
Japanese Buddhism

All singular terms for designating a religious tradition (e.g. Buddhism, Christianity) belie their multiplex diversity. Historically evolved, culturally embodied religious traditions are by their very nature dynamic, complex, and multilayered. Buddhism is no exception. The tripartite division that developed to encompass the historical breadth of the Buddhist tradition—Hinayana (Theravada), Mahayana, Tantrayana (Vajrayana)—merely suggests a diversity that includes perhaps hundreds if not thousands of different sects, subsects, and movements. Even broad historical-cultural distinctions such as Thai Buddhism or Japanese Buddhism fail to encompass differences in belief and practice interwoven into the textures of global Buddhisms. This chapter addresses the question of Buddhist encounters with diversity in terms of the tripartite division familiar to all Buddhist traditions, namely, Buddha, Dharma, Sangha. While this model is shared by the varied forms of Buddhism, the ways in which it is embodied and expressed have been quite diverse.

Hinduism to Hindus in the Western Diaspora

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arti Dhand
Keyword(s):  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Religious Traditions

AbstractThis article reflects on some of the methodological issues pertaining to situations in which both instructor and students belong to the same religious tradition as that about which the course is taught. It is framed within questions of scholarly objectivity and privilege to represent religious traditions. In a political atmosphere in which it has become increasingly suspect for "Outsiders" to teach traditions that they do not personally confess, this article engages the reverse scenario: what pedagogical challenges confront the professor who is an "Insider" to the tradition she teaches?

scholarly journals RELASI MITOS, DAN AGAMA SEBAGAI MEDIA PENINGKATAN EKONOMI PRODUKTIF DALAM TRADISI “TEBOKAN” DI DESA KALIPUTU KOTA KUDUS

INFERENSI ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Saifuddin Saifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Behaviors ◽  
Clifford Geertz ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

“Tebokan” was the history of jenang production processes that was visualizedon cultural carnival. It was one of the place where the relationship of religious traditions and the myth of local society became a new spirit to increase the economy of the community. This research was based on interpretative perspective to religious behaviors such as done by Clifford Geertz. Therefore this research used qualitative method. This study found the cultural illustrations where the relationship of myth, religious tradition, and the social structure was able to activate spirit of productivity in the Kaliputu Society as a central of jenang Production in Kudus. Both of these systems of meaning were able to present three important spirits, those areinnovative, identity affirmation, and work ethic. 

The Blessings of Liberty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Witte, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Legal Scholar ◽  
Religious Traditions

Leading legal scholar John Witte, Jr. explores the role religion played in the development of rights in the Western legal tradition and traces the complex interplay between human rights and religious freedom norms in modern domestic and international law. He examines how US courts are moving towards greater religious freedom, while recent decisions of the pan-European courts in Strasbourg and Luxembourg have harmed new religious minorities and threatened old religious traditions in Europe. Witte argues that the robust promotion and protection of religious freedom is the best way to protect many other fundamental rights today, even though religious freedom and other fundamental rights sometimes clash and need judicious balancing. He also responds to various modern critics who see human rights as a betrayal of Christianity and religious freedom as a betrayal of human rights.

RELIGIOUS VALUES AND HUMAN RIGHTS: FEATURES OF CORRELATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Iryna Kondratieva
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Universal System ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Religious Vision ◽  
Norms And Values

The features of understanding nature and essence of human rights in different religions, specific of intercommunication of traditional religious values and human rights in the context of modern realities are considered in the article. The author analyzed the religious conceptions of human rights (on the examples of world religions) in their correlation with the existent approaches to the problems of human rights which have liberal basis and find their reflection in international documents and decisions of competent international institutes. It is determined that the problem of contradictory interrelation of religious ideas, norms and values and human rights in the context of modern realities is at the intersection of research interests of representatives of different spheres of religious, humanitarian and law knowledge. The basic values of the world's leading religious traditions play a significant role in shaping a kind of universal system of human rights. At the same time, the world religions pay close attention to the development of their own conceptions of human rights, which correlate accordingly with modern liberal theories of human rights. Religious doctrines in this context differ in some important aspects, the basic principles of existing religions often do not coincide due to several fundamental points, such as the religious traditions of individual regions. The relationship between religion beliefs and human rights in Europe is dynamic and sometimes are going through appropriate transformations. This evolution is connected, in particular, with the formation of the concept of human rights in its liberal version. Religious vision of the basic rights of human person is based primarily on the fundamental religious principles of a religion. At the same time, modern religious conceptions of human rights are sometimes a kind of reaction to liberal versions of the interpretation of this issue. As a result, religious interpretations of human rights show a certain correlation with a range of important provisions of international human rights law, and religious concepts emphasize the differences, the uniqueness of the vision of human rights inherent in a particular religious tradition. The article emphasizes that there is no single religious view of human rights, more often it is about specific religious, confessional approaches to this problem, with existing differences in different religious traditions.

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