scholarly journals Growth performance and gut health of Escherichia coli-challenged weaned pigs fed diets supplemented with a Bacillus subtilis direct-fed microbial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangwoo Park ◽  
Jung Wook Lee ◽  
Kevin Jerez Bogota ◽  
David Francis ◽  
Jolie Caroline González-Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
E Coli

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a direct-fed microbial (DFM) product (Bacillus subtilis strain DSM 32540) in weaned pigs challenged with K88 strain of Escherichia coli on growth performance and indicators of gut health. A total of 21 weaned pigs [initial body weight (BW) = 8.19 kg] were housed individually in pens and fed three diets (seven replicates per diet) for 21 d in a completely randomized design. The three diets were a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet without feed additives, a basal diet with 0.25% antibiotics (neo-Oxy 10-10; neomycin + oxytetracycline), or a basal diet with 0.05% DFM. All pigs were orally challenged with a subclinical dose (6.7 × 108 CFU/mL) of K88 strain of E. coli on day 3 of the study (3 d after weaning). Feed intake and BW data were collected on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21. Fecal scores were recorded daily. On day 21, pigs were sacrificed to determine various indicators of gut health. Supplementation of the basal diet with antibiotics or DFM did not affect the overall (days 0–21) growth performance of pigs. However, antibiotics or DFM supplementation increased (P = 0.010) gain:feed (G:F) of pigs during the post-E. coli challenge period (days 3–21) by 23% and 24%, respectively. The G:F for the DFM-supplemented diet did not differ from that for the antibiotics-supplemented diet. The frequency of diarrhea for pigs fed a diet with antibiotics or DFM tended to be lower (P = 0.071) than that of pigs fed the basal diet. The jejunal villous height (VH) and the VH to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) were increased (P < 0.001) by 33% and 35%, respectively, due to the inclusion of antibiotics in the basal diet and by 43% and 41%, respectively due to the inclusion of DFM in the basal diet. The VH and VH:CD for the DFM-supplemented diet were greater (P < 0.05) than those for the antibiotics-supplemented diet. Ileal VH was increased (P < 0.05) by 46% due to the inclusion of DFM in the basal diet. The empty weight of small intestine, cecum, or colon relative to live BW was unaffected by dietary antibiotics or DFM supplementation. In conclusion, the addition of DFM to the basal diet improved the feed efficiency of E. coli-challenged weaned pigs to a value similar to that of the antibiotics-supplemented diet and increased jejunal VH and VH:CD ratio to values greater than those for the antibiotics-supplemented diet. Thus, under E. coli challenge, the test DFM product may replace the use of antibiotics as a growth promoter in diets for weaned pigs to improve feed efficiency and gut integrity.

scholarly journals PSVII-42 Growth performance, gut health, and immune responses of Escherichia coli-challenged weaned pigs fed probiotic-supplemented diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 359-360
Author(s):  
Sangwoo Park ◽  
Jinsu Hong ◽  
David Francis ◽  
Caroline J González -Vega ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Villous Height

Abstract To evaluate the effects of probiotics on performance and gut health of Escherichia coli-challenged weaned pigs, a total of 28 weaned pigs (initial BW = 8.25 kg) were housed individually in pens and fed 4 experimental diets for 21 d in a completely randomized design. The 4 diets were corn-soybean meal-based basal diet without or with 0.25% antibiotics (neomycin + oxytetracycline), 0.05% Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540, or 0.05% Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539. All pigs were orally challenged with K88 strain of E. coli on d 3. Feed intake and BW data, and blood samples were collected on d 3, 7, 14, and 21. Fecal scores were recorded daily. On d 21, pigs were sacrificed to determine gastrointestinal histomorphology, pH and organ weights. Supplementation of the basal diet with antibiotics or B. pumilus did not affect the overall (d 0 to 21) ADG and G:F. The B. subtilis supplementation did not affect the overall ADG, but tended to increase (P < 0.1) the overall G:F by 15%. Fecal score was unaffected by dietary treatment. Supplementation of the basal diet with either probiotic, but not antibiotics increased (P < 0.05) jejunal villous height and reduced (P < 0.05) cecal digesta pH. Supplementation with B. pumilus tended to increase (P < 0.1) colon weight relative to BW; however, antibiotics or B. subtilis supplementation did not affect colon weight. The addition of B. subtilis to basal diet tended to increase (P < 0.1) serum immunoglobulin A concentration on d 21 of the study; however, such effect was not observed with the addition of antibiotics or B. pumilus. In conclusion, dietary B. subtilis improved G:F and jejunal villous height and reduced cecal digesta pH, indicating that dietary supplementation with B. subtilis at 0.05% could improve growth performance and gut health of weaned pigs.

scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis: a potential growth promoter in weaned pigs in comparison to carbadox

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijie He ◽  
Kwangwook Kim ◽  
Lauren Kovanda ◽  
Cynthia Jinno ◽  
Minho Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
E Coli

Abstract The study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of a probiotic Bacillus subtilis strain on growth performance, diarrhea, systemic immunity, and intestinal health of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and to compare the efficacy of B. subtilis with that of carbadox. Weaned pigs (n = 48, 6.17 ± 0.36 kg body weight [BW]) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments: negative control (NC, control diet without E. coli challenge), positive control (PC, control diet with E. coli challenge), and supplementation of 50 mg/kg of carbadox (antibiotic growth promotor [AGP]) or 2.56 × 109 CFU/kg of B. subtilis probiotics (PRO). The experiment lasted for 28 d with 7 d before and 21 d after the first E. coli inoculation. Fecal and blood samples were collected on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 post inoculation (PI) to analyze β-hemolytic coliforms and complete blood cell count, respectively. Diarrhea score was recorded daily for each pig to calculate the frequency of diarrhea. All pigs were euthanized at day 21 PI to collect jejunal and ileal mucosa for gene expression analysis. Pigs in AGP had greater (P < 0.05) BW on days 7, 14, and 21 PI than pigs in PC and PRO groups. Supplementation of PRO enhanced pigs’ BW on day 21 PI compared with the PC. Escherichia coli F18 challenge reduced (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency from day 0 to 21 PI, while supplementation of carbadox or PRO enhanced ADG and feed efficiency in E. coli F18-challenged pigs from day 0 to 21 PI. Pigs in AGP and PRO groups had reduced (P < 0.05) frequency of diarrhea throughout the experiment and fecal β-hemolytic coliforms on day 7 PI than pigs in the PC. Pigs in PRO had greater (P < 0.05) gene expression of CLDN1 in jejunal mucosa than pigs in the PC. Supplementation of carbadox or PRO reduced (P < 0.05) the gene expression of IL6 and PTGS2 in ileal mucosa of E. coli-infected pigs compared with pigs in the PC. Pigs in the PRO group had lower (P < 0.05) white blood cell number and neutrophil count, and serum haptoglobin concentration on day 7 PI, and less (P < 0.05) monocyte count on day 14 PI, compared with PC. In conclusion, supplementation of probiotic B. subtilis could enhance disease resistance and promote the growth performance of weaned pigs under disease challenge conditions. The potential mechanisms include but not limited to enhanced gut barrier integrity and local and systemic immune responses of weaned pigs.

187 Effects of Oligosaccharide-based Polymer on Growth Performance, Diarrhea, and Fecal β-hemolytic Coliforms in Weanling Pigs Experimentally Infected with a Pathogenic E. coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 90-90
Author(s):  
Kwangwook Kim ◽  
Yijie He ◽  
Cynthia Jinno ◽  
Seijoo Yang ◽  
Xunde Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to investigate dietary supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer on growth performance, diarrhea, and fecal β-hemolytic coliforms of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic F18 Escherichia coli (E. coli). Forty-eight pigs (7.23 ± 1.11 kg BW) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of four treatments with 12 replicate pigs per treatment. The four dietary treatments were a nursery basal diet (control), and 3 additional diets supplemented with 50 mg/kg Mecadox (AGP), 10 or 20 mg/kg of oligosaccharide-based polymer. The experiment lasted 18 d [7 d before and 11 d after the first inoculation (d 0)]. The doses of F18 E. coli inoculum were 1010 cfu/3 mL oral dose daily for 3 days. Growth performance was measured on d -7 to 0 before inoculation, and d 0 to 5 and 5 to 11 post-inoculation (PI). Diarrhea score (DS; 1, normal, to 5, watery diarrhea) was daily recorded for each pig. Fecal samples were collected on d 2, 5, 8, and 11 PI to test the percentage of β-hemolytic coliforms in total coliforms. All data were analyzed by ANOVA using the PROC MIXED of SAS with pig as the experimental unit. Inclusion of oligosaccharide-based polymer linearly increased (P < 0.05) ADFI on d 0 to 5 PI, and feed efficiency on d 0 to 5 PI and d 5 to 11 PI (P = 0.07), compared with the control. Supplementation of AGP or oligosaccharide-based polymer reduced (P < 0.01) frequency of diarrhea of pigs from d 0 to 11 PI. No differences were observed in overall growth performance and percentage of fecal β-hemolytic coliforms on d 8 PI among pigs in AGP and oligosaccharide-based polymer treatments. In conclusion, supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhanced feed efficiency and reduced diarrhea of weaned pigs infected with a pathogenic E. coli.

scholarly journals 140 Effects of Bacillus subtilis probiotics on growth performance, diarrhea, and fecal β-hemolytic coliforms of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 79-80
Author(s):  
Yijie He ◽  
Kwangwook Kim ◽  
Cynthia Jinno ◽  
Lauren Kovanda ◽  
Seijoo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
E Coli

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, diarrhea and fecal β-hemolytic coliforms of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a strain of E. coli (F18, express genes of LT, STb, and SLT 2 toxins). Weaned pigs (n = 48, 6.17 ± 0.36 kg BW) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments: negative control (NC, control diet without E. coli challenge), positive control (PC, control diet with E. coli challenge), and supplementation of 50 mg/kg of carbadox or 500 mg/kg of Bacillus subtilis probiotics. The experiment lasted 28 d with 7 d before and 21 d after the first E. coli inoculation. The F18 E. coli were given to pigs at 1010 CFU/3 mL dose for three consecutive d. Diarrhea score was daily recorded for each pig to calculate frequency of diarrhea. Fecal samples were collected on d 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 PI to analyze β-hemolytic coliforms. Data were analyzed using the Mixed Procedure of SAS. Pigs supplemented with carbadox had greater (P < 0.05) body weight on d 7, 14, and 21 PI than pigs in the PC and probiotics group. Supplementation of probiotics enhanced pig body weight on d 21 PI, compared with the PC. E. coli challenge reduced (P < 0.05) ADG and feed efficiency from d 0 to 21 PI, while supplementation of antibiotics or probiotics enhanced ADG and feed efficiency from d 0 to 21 PI. Pigs in carbadox and probiotics groups had reduced (P < 0.05) frequency of diarrhea throughout the experiment and fecal β-hemolytic coliforms on d 7 PI than pigs in the PC. In conclusion, supplementation of Bacillus subtilis could enhance disease resistance and promote growth performance of weaned pigs under disease challenge condition.

scholarly journals Impact of feeding fermentable proteins and carbohydrates on growth performance, gut health and gastrointestinal function of newly weaned pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Jeaurond ◽  
M. Rademacher ◽  
J. R. Pluske ◽  
C. H. Zhu ◽  
C. F. M. de Lange
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Gastrointestinal Function ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Enteric Fermentation

Feeding fermentable carbohydrates (FC) to weanling pigs may reduce the negative impact of proteolytic fermentation on gastrointestinal health and function. A total of 144 newly weaned pigs [6.23 kg body weight (BW); six pens per treatment; six pigs per pen) were used to determine the interactive effects of feeding additional fermentable protein (FP) and FC on growth performance, gastrointestinal function and intestinal health. Dietary treatments, based on a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, were: (1) basal diet (control); (2) control + 10% poultry meal (PM) as FP source; (3) control + 5% beet pulp (BP) as FC source; and (4) control + 10% PM and 5% BP. Diets were formulated to be similar in digestible energy (DE) and digestible amino acid contents. In general, no interactive effects of FC and FP were observed (P > 0.10). During the 3-wk post-weaning period, feeding FP reduced average daily gain (ADG) (242 vs. 269 g d-1; P < 0.05), while FC increased ADG (269 vs. 243 g d-1; P < 0.05). Overall, feed intake did not differ between treatments (P > 0.10). On days 14 and 28 post-weaning, Clostridia spp. counts in colon contents, counts of white cells and segmented neutrophils in blood were lowered (P < 0.05) by feeding FC. Blood urea nitrogen was increased by feeding FP (9.5 vs. 6.5 mg dL-1; P < 0.05), while ammonia concentration in colon contents was lowered by FC (154 vs. 193 µg mL-1) (P = 0.06). Among biogenic amines, levels of tyramine (140 vs. 304 nmol g-1 DM) and spermidine (174 vs. 219 nmol g-1 DM) in colon contents were lowered (P < 0.05) by FC. Acetic, proprionic and butyric acid contents in colon contents were increased by feeding FC, while valeric and caproic acid content decreased by feeding FP (P < 0.05). Feeding FC and FP had no effect (P > 0.10) on colon histology, pH, fecal consistency score and organ weights. Results suggest that FP and FC have independent effects on newly weaned pigs, while effects appear partly related to changes in gut microbiota. Key words: Enteric fermentation, fiber, gastrointestinal function, protein, pigs

scholarly journals Trace amounts of antibiotic exacerbated diarrhea and systemic inflammation of weaned pigs infected with a pathogenic Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwangwook Kim ◽  
Yijie He ◽  
Cynthia Jinno ◽  
Lauren Kovanda ◽  
Xunde Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of trace amounts of antibiotic on growth performance, diarrhea, systemic immunity, and intestinal health of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Weaned pigs (n = 34, 6.88 ± 1.03 kg body weight [BW]) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of the three dietary treatments: nursery basal diet (CON) and two additional diets supplemented with 0.5 or 50 mg/kg carbadox to the nursery basal diet (TRA or REC), respectively. The experiment lasted 18 d with 7 d before and 11 d after the first E. coli inoculation. The E. coli F18 inoculum was orally provided to all pigs with a dose of 1010 colony-forming unit (CFU)/3 mL for three consecutive days. Fecal and blood samples were collected on day 0 before inoculation and days 2, 5, 8, and 11 postinoculation (PI) to test the percentage of β-hemolytic coliforms in total coliforms and complete blood cell count, respectively. Sixteen pigs were euthanized on day 5 PI, whereas the remaining pigs were euthanized at the end of the experiment to collect the jejunal and ileal mucosa and mesenteric lymph node for gene expression and bacterial translocation, respectively. Pigs in REC had greater (P &lt; 0.05) final BW and lower (P &lt; 0.05) overall frequency of diarrhea compared with pigs in the CON and TRA groups. Pigs in TRA had the lowest (P &lt; 0.05) average daily gain and feed efficiency from day 0 to 5 PI, highest (P &lt; 0.05) percentage of β-hemolytic coliforms in fecal samples on days 2 and 5 PI, and greatest (P &lt; 0.05) bacterial colonies in mesenteric lymph nodes on day 11 PI compared with pigs in the CON and REC groups. Pigs in TRA had the greatest (P &lt; 0.05) neutrophils on day 5 PI and higher (P &lt; 0.05) white blood cell counts and lymphocytes than other groups on day 11 PI. Pigs in TRA had the greatest (P &lt; 0.05) serum C-reactive protein on days 2 and 5 PI and serum tumor necrosis factor-α on day 5 PI, compared with pigs in the CON and REC groups. Pigs fed REC had increased (P &lt; 0.05) mRNA expression of zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin (OCDN) and reduced (P &lt; 0.05) interleukin-1 beta (IL1B), interleukin-6 (IL6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFA) in ileal mucosa on day 5 PI, compared with the CON, whereas TRA upregulated (P &lt; 0.05) mRNA expression of IL1B, IL6, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) in the ileal mucosa on day 11 PI, compared with the REC. In conclusion, trace amounts of antibiotic may exacerbate the detrimental effects of E. coli infection on pig performance by increasing diarrhea and systemic inflammation of weanling pigs.

scholarly journals Effect of oral spray with Lactobacillus on growth performance, intestinal development and microflora population of ducklings

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-464
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Yuchen Jie ◽  
Chuli Zhou ◽  
Leyun Wang ◽  
Liang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
E Coli

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of oral spray with probiotics on the intestinal development and microflora colonization of hatched ducklings.Methods: In Exp. 1, an one-way factorial design was used to study the antibacterial activity of the probiotics and metabolites on Escherichia coli (E. coli) without antimicrobial resistance. There were four experimental groups including saline as control and Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, combined Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis groups. In Exp. 2, 64-day-old ducklings were allotted to 2 treatments with 4 replicated pens. Birds in the control group were fed a basal diet supplemented with Lactobacillus fermentation in the feed whereas birds in the oral spray group were fed the basal diet and administrated Lactobacillus fermentation by oral spray way during the first week.Results: In Exp. 1, the antibacterial activities of probiotics and metabolites on E. coli were determined by the diameter of inhibition zone in order: Lactobacillus>combined Lactobacillusand Bacillus subtilis>Bacillus subtilis. Additionally, compared to E. coli without resistance, E. coli with resistance showed a smaller diameter of inhibition zones. In Exp. 2, compared to control feeding group, oral spray group increased (p<0.05) the final body weight at d 21 and average daily gain for d 1-21 and the absolute weight of the jejunum, ileum and total intestine tract as well as cecum Lactobacillus amount at d 21.Conclusion: Lactobacillus exhibited a lower antibacterial activity on E. coli with resistance than E. coli without resistance. Oral spray with Lactobacillus fermentation during the first week of could improve the intestinal development, morphological structure, and microbial balance to promote growth performance of ducklings from hatch to 21 d of age.

scholarly journals Dietary Bacillus spp. enhanced growth and disease resistance of weaned pigs by modulating intestinal microbiota and systemic immunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijie He ◽  
Cynthia Jinno ◽  
Kwangwook Kim ◽  
Zhaohai Wu ◽  
Bie Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Systemic Immunity

Abstract Background Previous research has shown that dietary supplementation of Bacillus spp. probiotics exerts beneficial effects on animals’ growth. However, limited studies have evaluated the efficacy of Bacillus spp. on weaned pigs and their effects on host gut health and microbiome, and systemic immunity using a disease challenge model. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of two Bacillus spp. strains (Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540 and Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539) on growth performance, diarrhea, intestinal health, microbiome, and systemic immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Results Pigs in PRO1 (Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540) had greater (P < 0.05) body weight on d 7 and 14 PI, greater (P < 0.05) ADG from d 0 to 7 and d 7 to 14 PI, compared with pigs in CON (Control). Pigs in PRO1 had milder (P < 0.05) diarrhea on d 2 and 3 PI compared with pigs in CON. However, no differences were observed in growth performance and diarrhea score between PRO2 (Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539) and CON groups. Supplementation of PRO1 decreased (P < 0.05) lymphocyte counts on d 7 and 14 PI, compared with CON. Supplementation of PRO1 and PRO2 both reduced (P < 0.05) total coliforms in mesenteric lymph nodes on d 21 PI. Pigs in PRO2 had greater (P < 0.05) goblet cell number and sulfomucin percentage in duodenal villi and greater (P < 0.05) sialomucin percentage in jejunal villi than pigs in CON. Supplementation of PRO1 up-regulated (P < 0.05) MUC2 gene expression in jejunal mucosa and reduced (P < 0.05) PTGS-2 and IL1B gene expression in ileal mucosa on d 21 PI, compared with CON. Pigs in PRO1 had reduced (P < 0.05) relative abundance of families Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae and Pasteurellaceae in the ileum. Conclusions Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540 improved growth performance, alleviated diarrhea severity, enhanced gut health, and reduced systemic inflammation of weaned pigs infected with ETEC F18. Although Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539 was able to alleviate systemic inflammation, it had limited impacts on growth performance and severity of diarrhea of ETEC F18 challenged weaned pigs.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary supplementation with essential oils and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, diarrhoea and blood metabolites in weaned pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Tan ◽  
T. Lim ◽  
W. Boontiam
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Urea Nitrogen

Context Dietary supplementation of essential oils or in combination with a Bacillus probiotic was investigated as an antibiotic growth promoter for weaned pigs. Aims To evaluate the effect of essential oils (i.e. thymol and carvacrol mixture) or in combination with a probiotic strain (i.e. Bacillus subtilis PB6) on the growth performance, diarrhoea incidence, ammonia emission and serological profiles of weaned pigs. Methods A total of 96 crossbred ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) weaned pigs were randomly allotted to one of six treatments based on sex and initial bodyweight. Each group was distributed into four replicates with four pigs each according to a randomised complete block design. The treatments were: (i) positive control, basal diet supplemented with colistin 150 g/tonne and amoxicillin 200 g/tonne; (ii) negative control, basal diet without supplementation; (iii) T3, basal diet supplemented with essential oils 300 g/tonne; (iv) T4, basal diet supplemented with essential oils 600 g/tonne; (v) T5, basal diet supplemented with essential oils 1000 g/tonne; and (vi) T6, basal diet supplemented with essential oils 300 g/tonne diet and Bacillus probiotics 1000 g/tonne. Key results The piglets fed with supplements had a significantly higher average daily gain and lower incidence of diarrhoea than the piglets in the negative control (P = 0.001). Feeding the essential oils alone or in combination with probiotics significantly reduced faecal ammonia emission (P = 0.027) and blood urea nitrogen (P = 0.039), while markedly increasing the serum immunoglobulin G concentration of weaned pigs compared with the negative control treatment (P = 0.014). The difference in time of blood collection had significant effects on blood urea nitrogen and immunoglobulins (P = 0.001). However, no significant differences emerged in average daily feed intake, gain: feed ratio, feed efficiency and antibody against swine fever among the treatments. Conclusions Diet supplementation with essential oils or in combination with probiotics improved growth performance and immunity, and lowered ammonia emissions and diarrhoea incidence of weaned pigs. Implications These findings provide a basis for the application of phytogenic compounds and probiotics as antibiotic growth promoter alternatives in post-weaning diets for pigs.

PSII-15 Dietary Supplementation of Bacillus Subtilis Modified Intestinal Microbiome of Weaned Pigs Differently to Antibiotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 161-162
Author(s):  
Cynthia Jinno ◽  
Yijie He ◽  
Yanhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Downstream Analysis

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the dietary effects of Bacillus subtilis and antibiotics in intestinal microbiota of pigs experimentally infected with F18 E. coli. Forty-eight weaned pigs (6.17 ± 0.36 kg BW) were individually housed and randomly allotted in one of four treatments with 12 replicates per treatment: negative control (NC), positive control (PC), antibiotics, and B. subtilis (probiotics). Pigs in NC and PC were fed with basal diet without or with E. coli, respectively. Pigs with antibiotics and probiotics were challenged with E. coli and supplemented with 50 mg/kg of carbadox or 500 mg/kg of B. subtilis, respectively. After 7 days habituation period, pigs were inoculated with F18 E. coli at 1010 CFU/3 mL dose for three consecutive days. All pigs were euthanized to collect feces and digesta from jejunum, ileum, and colon on d 21 post-infection to perform 16S rRNA sequencing at the V4 hypervariable region. Downstream analysis was performed using QIIME2 (2019.4) and R. Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Conover test was used to analyze data in R. Colon digesta and feces have greater (P &lt; 0.05) alpha diversity than ileal and jejunal digesta. No difference was observed among treatments at different intestinal sites. Bray-Curtis PCoA plots displayed pronounced clusters of all treatment groups throughout all sites. Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were more (P &lt; 0.05) abundant but Firmicutes were less (P &lt; 0.05) abundant in ileal digesta of pigs fed with antibiotics than pigs in probiotics. Firmicutes were more (P &lt; 0.05) abundant in colon and feces of NC than of antibiotics. Bifidobacterium was least (P &lt; 0.05) abundant throughout all sites and Prevotella 1 was most (P &lt; 0.05) abundant in colon of pigs fed with antibiotics compared with other treatments. In conclusion, both B. subtilis and carbadox supplementation modified gut microbiota of weaned pigs challenged with F18 E. coli. However, the impacts are different and need further investigation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document