scholarly journals Métodos para avaliação da sarcopenia em pacientes hospitalizados com câncer do trato gastrointestinal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (35) ◽  
pp. 371-376
Author(s):  
Fabiana Lais de Oliveira ◽  
Rafaely de Fátima Fernandes Almeida Vieira ◽  
Angelica Rocha de Freitas Melhem ◽  
Dalton Luiz Schiessel ◽  
Silvana Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adductor Pollicis Muscle ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Alternative Assessments ◽  
High Prevalence

Introduction: Sarcopenia is characterized by the association of loss of lean mass and functionality, and in cancer patients it is a frequent situation. Thus, the study aims to assess the presence of sarcopenia in hospitalized patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract using alternative assessments to analyse the patient’s strength and functionality. Methods: To assess sarcopenia in cancer patients, the thickness of the adductor pollicis muscle (APM), dynamometry to assess handgrip strength and the Barthel Scale to analyse functionality were collected, associating APM and dynamometer and MAP. with Barthel scale in cancer patients. Results: Twenty patients participated in the study, with moderately malnourished patients showing greater strength in the dynamometer in relation to the well-nourished ones and that obese individuals had greater APM in relation to other nutritional states. Regarding functionality, most patients 80% were classified as independent. Patients with esophageal cancer had MAP inferior to the other locations of the body evaluated, but compared with the dynamometer they presented better results. Conclusions: There was no high prevalence of sarcopenia among patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract using the methods used APM, dynamometer and Barthel Scale.

Classification of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the practice of a family doctor

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Aleksey Borisovich Petrukhin
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Important Place ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Diagnosis Of Diseases

Gastroenterology belongs to one of the leading branches of therapy. In the structure of diseases of the internal organs, diseases of the digestive system occupy a particularly important place due to their high prevalence, which increases with age. As a rule, these diseases have a chronic, progressive, recurrent course, which ultimately leads to severe disorders of the activity of many organs and systems of the body. The article presents the basic requirements for the formation of a clinical diagnosis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which are most common in the practice of a family doctor.

scholarly journals Recent advances in non-surgical management of cancer in the elderly

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1793
Author(s):  
Emily J. Guerard ◽  
Gil E. Harmon ◽  
Kieran D. Sahasrabudhe ◽  
Noelle K. LoConte
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Chemotherapy Agents

This article summarizes the seminal publications from mid-2016 through 2017 in the area of medical care for older adults with cancer. Areas addressed include chemotherapy tolerance and efficacy in the aged, geriatric fitness assessments, and advancements in palliative and supportive care. The practice-changing finding from this past year’s publications is that antipsychotics should not be used in the management of terminal delirium in older adults receiving palliative care. The other trials demonstrated an improved understanding of the utility of geriatric assessments in patients with cancer, developed the body of information about which chemotherapy agents are safe and effective in older adults (and which are not), and expanded our understanding of good palliative and supportive care.

Toxoplasmosis among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a population study based on the serological, molecular and epidemiological aspects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Abdollah Hosseini ◽  
Mehdi Sharif ◽  
Shahabeddin Sarvi ◽  
Ghasem Janbabai ◽  
Shahrbanoo Keihanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Toxoplasmosis is highly prevalent in northern Iran and immunocompromised individuals are more susceptible to this infection. The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence, parasitism and genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii among patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy in northern Iran. Methods A total of 350 serum samples obtained from cancer patients were collected from laboratory centers in northern Iran. Immunodiagnosis and DNA detection were accomplished by ELISA and PCR. Thereafter, multiplex-nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used for the genotyping of T. gondii. Results In general, out of 350 patients, 264 (75.4%) and 9 (2.57%) cases were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM, respectively. Moreover, 19 (5.43%) samples contained T. gondii DNA. From 19 positive samples, 10 high-quality samples with sharp and non-smear bands were selected to determine the genotypes of T. gondii. Accordingly, the samples were classified as genotype #1 (type II clonal; n=4, 40%), genotype #2 (type III clonal; n=3, 30%), genotype #10 (type I clonal; n=2, 20%) and genotype #27 (type I variant; n=1, 10%). Conclusions As evidenced by the results, due to the high prevalence of T. gondii, cancer patients in northern Iran are at serious risk of severe toxoplasmosis and its complications. Therefore, oncologists need to regard this critical health problem as a matter requiring urgent attention.

scholarly journals Presence of dynapenia and association with anthropometric variables in cancer patients

BMC Cancer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Beatriz Rechinelli ◽  
Isabele Lessa Marques ◽  
Eduarda Cristina Rodrigues de Morais Viana ◽  
Isadora da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Vanusa Felício de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
European Working

Abstract Background Dynapenia is defined as an age-related loss of muscle strength. There is little information on dynapenia in cancer patients and on how it relates to anthropometric variables. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of dynapenia and its association with anthropometric variables in hospitalized cancer patients. Methods Participants comprised adult and elderly cancer patients evaluated within the first 48 h of hospital admission to a tertiary public hospital, a referral center for gastrointestinal tract surgery. Anthropometric variables were measured according to standardized protocols. Dynapenia was identified based on handgrip strength (HGS), according to the cutoff points defined by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2), with values for women < 16 kg and for men < 27 kg. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 22.0, with a significance level of 5%. Results This study included 158 patients aged in average 59.5 ± 14.0 years; of these, 53.6% were elderly, 58.9% non-white and 59.5% had some degree of malnutrition. The most prevalent type of cancer was that of the lower gastrointestinal tract (33.5%). The presence of dynapenia was observed in 23.4% of the patients and cachexia in 36.1%. There was an association between dynapenia with age (p < 0.001), life stage (p = 0.002) and race/color (p = 0.027), and also with body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.001) and adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT) of both hands (p < 0.05). After logistic regression analysis, adjusted for the sociodemographic variables, the APMT of the dominant hand and the low weight determined by body mass index remained associated with the occurrence of dynapenia (p < 0.05). Conclusions In this study we confirmed that dynapenia was present in cancer patients, being associated with APMT of the dominant hand and low weight. HSG was proven to be a reliable and complementary measure to be added to the process of assessing nutritional status, contributing to the nutritional diagnosis of these patients and to the detection of early muscle depletion.

PS02.249: VARIATION IN BODY COMPOSITION IN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER PATIENTS RECEIVING SUPPLEMENTARY JEJUNOSTOMY FEEDING DURING NEOADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 194-194
Author(s):  
Piers R Boshier ◽  
M F J Seesing ◽  
Vickie E Baracos ◽  
Donald E Low
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Jejunostomy Feeding

Abstract Background Cancer of the esophagus has one of the highest known associations with cancer–related malnutrition. The aim of the current study was to investigate variation in the body composition of esophageal cancer patients receiving supplementary jejunostomy feeding during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and to assess its correlation with outcomes. Methods Retrospective review of esophageal cancer patient's receiving jejunal feeding during nCRT. Patients selected for jejunal feeding tube placement were considered at high nutritional risk according to ASPEN criteria. Assessment of body composition was performed using L3-axial CT images acquired at diagnosis and after nCRT. Results Eighty-one patients were eligible for inclusion (67 M, 65.9 ± 9.7 yrs). Average weight loss and BMI at diagnosis was 11.4 ± 6.5 Kg and 26.1 ± 4.6 Kg/m2 respectively. Failure to complete nCRT as prescribed occurred in one patient. Following nCRT the prevalence of sarcopenia increased significantly in males despite jejunal feeding (69% vs. 87%; P = 0.013) but fell in females (57% vs. 50%; P = 0.705). Patients could be categorized into three distinct groups according to the degree of skeletal muscle loss (ΔSMM) during nCRT: minor-loss/no-change (n = 28; Δ > −6 cm2); moderate loss (n = 27; Δ−17 to −6 cm2), and; severe loss (n = 26; Δ<17 cm2). A female predominance was observed amongst patients with minor-loss/no-change in SMM compared to patients with moderate and severe losses during nCRT (36% vs. 11% vs. 4%; P = 0.005). Visceral obesity was also less common in patients with minor-loss/no-change in SMM compared to patients with moderate and severe losses during nCRT (39% vs. 48% vs. 58%; P = 0.401). Compared to patients with moderate and severe SMM losses patients in whom SMM was persevered by jejunal feeding during nCRT tended to have lower rates of over-all complications (62% vs. 59% vs. 43%; P = 0.318); pneumonia (27% vs. 11% vs. 11%; P = 0.186), and; pulmonary embolism (15% vs. 0% vs. 0%; P = 0.012). Long-term survival was not affected by either sarcopenia or SMM and adipose tissue loss during nCRT (P > 0.05). Conclusion This is the first study to report variation in body composition in esophageal cancer patients receiving a defined nutritional intervention during nCRT. In selected patients jejunal feeding appeared to stabilize parameters of body composition whilst other patients experienced significant losses. Observed changes in body composition predominantly reflect sex differences and may offer an opportunity to improve nutritional monitoring and future patient care. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONALITY OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER PATIENTS WHICH HAVE UNDERTAKEN SURGERY IN HOSPITAL PHASE

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Epamela Sulamita Vitor de CARVALHO ◽  
Ana Cristina Machado LEÃO ◽  
Anke BERGMANN
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Functional Independence Measure ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Preoperative Period ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

ABSTRACT Background: Cancer patients present various physiological, metabolic, social and emotional changes as a consequence of the disease’s own catabolism, and may be potentiated in the gastrointestinal tract cancer by their interference with food intake, digestion and absorption. Aim: T o evaluate the functionality of upper gastrointestinal cancer patients which have undertaken surgery and analyze the factors associated with changes in strength and functionality during hospitalization time. Methods: Prospective analytical study in patients with cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract which have undertaken surgery. Was evaluated the handgrip strength using a hand dynamometer and functionality through the functional independence measure and Functional Status Scale for Intensive Care Unit in the preoperative period, 2nd and 7th postoperative day. Results: Were included 12 patients, 75% men, and mean age was 58.17 years old. The most prevalent tumor site was stomach (66.7%). There was a progressive reduction from the pre-operative palmar grip strength to the 2nd and 7th postoperative day, respectively. There was a decrease in functional performance from the preoperative period to the 2nd and a gain from the 2nd to the 7th postoperative day (p<0.001). Conclusion: An important reduction in the handgrip strength and functionality was evidenced during the postoperative period in relation to the basal value in the pre-operative period.

scholarly journals Mindfulness, cancer, and pain

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Anna M. Tacon
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Pain Anxiety ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Mental Adjustment

Pain is the most distressing and incapacitating symptom experienced by cancer patients. While mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) interventions have been conducted with cancer patients, no study has explored psychological and pain- related factors in patients with cancer-related pain. The effects of an eight-week MBSR intervention were investigated on pre- post scores for pain catastrophizing, pain-related anxiety, pain intensity ratings, and mental adjustment to cancer in breast cancer patients with pa in. Forty-one women diagnosed withcancer-related pain participated in the study. The MBSR was conducted for 1.5 hours/week for eight-weeks; participants were trained in the body scan, sitting meditation, and hatha yoga. Results showed significant reduction in scores for pain catastrophizing, pain anxiety, and painratings; also significant positive changes occurred for mental adjustment to cancer. This study is the first to investigate MBSR effects for psychological factors in patients with cancer pain. Much more research is needed in this area.

scholarly journals Association of Adductor Pollicis Muscle Thickness and Handgrip Strength with nutritional status in cancer patients

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. e0220334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Papera Valente ◽  
Betullya Lucas Almeida ◽  
Thailiny Ricati Lazzarini ◽  
Vanusa Felício de Souza ◽  
Thamirys de Souza Chaves Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Adductor Pollicis ◽  
Adductor Pollicis Muscle

scholarly journals Subclinical thiamine deficiency identified by pretreatment evaluation in an esophageal cancer patient

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Yoshioka ◽  
Izumi Sato ◽  
Hideki Onishi ◽  
Mayumi Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patient ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
Thiamine Level

Abstract Despite the fact that both thiamine deficiency (TD) and Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) have been observed to some degree in cancer patients, such cases of TD and/or WE reported to date have all been diagnosed after the initiation of treatment. We here report a case of TD that presented without the commonly accepted triad of WE symptoms based on a total nutritional evaluation prior to the onset of treatment for cancer. The patient was a 71-year-old man with esophageal cancer who was referred to the oncology outpatient clinic for evaluation to determine the treatment plan. Although he did not present with delirium, cerebellar signs, or ocular symptoms, TD was suspected based on a reduction in appetite lasting 2 months as thiamine stores in the body are depleted in as few as 18 days. Blood findings showed a marked decline in serum thiamine level supported, which the diagnosis of TD. This case revealed the existence of a cancer patient with subclinical TD prior to the onset of treatment for cancer. Due to the fact that TD can occur without the characteristic symptoms as in this case, we believe it is important that total nutritional evaluation of cancer patients always be considered.

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