scholarly journals First Report of a 16SrII Group Phytoplasma Associated with Shoot Proliferation of a Cactus (Opuntia monacantha) in Lebanon

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1129-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Choueiri ◽  
R. Massad ◽  
F. Jreijiri ◽  
J. L. Danet ◽  
P. Salar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Academic Press ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
First Report ◽  
Shoot Tissue ◽  
Digestion Pattern ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In October 2003, during a survey to evaluate the incidence of phytoplasma diseases in Lebanon, symptoms suggestive of phytoplasma infection in Opuntia monacantha (Haworth) were observed in Saghbine, Bekaa Valley. Symptoms were excessive stem and shoot proliferation. Three symptomatic and as well as symptomless plants were collected and analyzed for the presence of phytoplasmas. Nucleic acids were extracted from 0.5 g of shoot tissue and tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with universal phytoplasma primers (fU5rU3) for partial amplification of the ribosomal 16SrDNA (4). PCR resulted in amplification of an expected 881-bp rDNA fragment from the symptomatic but not from symptomless samples. For characterization, sequence of the amplified DNA was determined (Genbank Accession No. AY939815). The sequence showed a high similarity with several isolates of the 16srII group of phytoplasmas. The highest similarity has been oserved with 16S rDNA of two isolates of cactus witches'-broom phytoplasma found in China (1) and Mexico (3) (Genbank Accession Nos. AJ293216 and AF320575, respectively) (99.8%) as well as faba bean phyllody phytoplasma (Genbank Accession No. X83432) (99.7%) and “Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia” (Genbank Accession No. U15442) (99.3%). The presence of phytoplasmas was confirmed using nested-PCR with primers R16mF2/R1 and R16F2n/R2 (2). The Tru9I digestion pattern of the amplified product R16F2n/F16R2 detected in O. monacantha was identical to the digestion pattern obtained from periwinkle infected by “Ca. P. aurantifolia” (subgroup 16SrII-B) and soybean phyllody phytoplasma (subgroup 16SrII-C), but different from the Tru9I digestion pattern observed for cleome phyllody phytoplasma (subgroup 16SrII-A) and tomato big bud phytoplasma (subgroup 16SrII-E). To our knowledge, this is the first report of an infection with a phytoplasma belonging to16SrII group in Lebanon. References: (1) H. Cai et al. Plant Pathol. 51:394, 2002. (2) D. E. Gundersen and I. M. Lee. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35:144, 1996. (3) N. E. Leyva-Lopez et al. Phytopathology. (Abstr.) 89(suppl):S45, 1999. (4) B. Schneider et al. Pages 369–380 in: Molecular and Diagnostic Procedures in Mycoplasmology. Academic Press, NY, 1995.

scholarly journals First Report of a Phytoplasma Disease of Almond (Prunus amygdalus) in Lebanon

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 802-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Choueiri ◽  
F. Jreijiri ◽  
S. Issa ◽  
E. Verdin ◽  
J. Bové ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leaf Yellowing ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection

During a survey conducted in October 1999 to establish the sanitary status of stone fruits in Lebanon, almond trees with symptoms of leaf yellowing, shoot proliferation, and dieback were observed in the Bekaa region. Because such symptoms are often associated with phytoplasma infections, samples were collected for analysis by PCR using universal primers for amplification of phytoplasma ribosomal RNA genes (2). DNA was extracted from the leaf midveins and/or bark phloem tissue from nine symptomatic trees and one symptomless tree in four different orchards as well as from healthy almond trees collected in France. PCR resulted in amplification of an expected 1.8 kbp rDNA fragment from all symptomatic samples but not from the healthy or symptomless samples. For characterization, the amplified DNA was analyzed by RFLP. Even though the restriction profiles were different from those published for other phytoplasmas and in particular from those infecting almond trees in Western Europe (1), sequence analysis of the amplified DNA revealed that it belongs to the pigeon pea witches' broom cluster (PPWB) (2). This is the first report of a phytoplasma infection in Lebanon and the first report for a PPWB group phytoplasma in almond trees. References: (1) W. Jarausch et al. J. Plant Pathol. 104:17–27, 1998. (2) B. Schneider et al. 1995. Molecular and diagnostic procedures in Mycoplasmology Vol. 1, 369–380, S. Razin and J. G. Tully, eds.

scholarly journals Phytoplasma associated with shoot proliferation in begonia

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando Caldeira Ribeiro ◽  
Ana Paula de Oliveira Amaral Mello ◽  
Ivan Paulo Bedendo ◽  
Ricardo Gioria
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Begonia is a very appreciated genus of ornamental plants, of economic relevancy, having species of flowers and foliage. In commercial croppings, plants exhibiting characteristic symptoms of phytoplasma infection have been observed, such as shoot proliferation, reduced plant, size small leaves and flowers, and phyllody. Leaves were sampled and total DNA was extracted to be used in nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), in order to detect and identify an expected phytoplasma. The results confirmed consistently the presence of a phytoplasma associated with symptomatic plants through the amplification of a typical genomic fragment of 1.2 kb by using the universal primers R16mF2/mR1 and R16F2n/R2. The use of specific primers R16(III)F2/R1 allowed to identify the phytoplasma detected as a representative of the group 16SrIII. This information is very expressive, because different diseases caused by fungus, bacteria, virus and nematodes have been reported for begonia, however, reports have not been found for begonia diseases associated with phytoplasmas.

scholarly journals First Report of Phytoplasmas in Grapevine in South Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 1360-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Botti ◽  
A. Bertaccini
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Academic Press ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Universal Primer ◽  
First Report ◽  
Broom Disease ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Nested Pcr Assays

In April 2006, grapevine plants with typical symptoms of yellows (GY) were observed in some South African vineyards. The affected plants showed premature yellowing or reddening and downward rolling of leaves. In some cases, these symptoms were associated with extensive lack of cane lignification that was undistinguishable from yellows symptoms reported in grapevine in the major viticultural areas of the world. Nucleic acids were extracted separately from 0.1 g of fresh leaf midribs and cane phloem scrapes from three symptomatic and three asymptomatic grapevine plants, cv. Shiraz, and from three symptomatic plants, cv. Cabernet, collected from three different locations using Qiagen (Milan, Italy) DNAeasy Plant Mini Kit. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was employed for phytoplasma detection with 2.5 μl of the extracted DNA. Direct and nested PCR assays were performed with P1/P7 (2) and R16F2/R2 (1) universal primer pairs, respectively, obtaining the expected products only from phloem scrapes of the symptomatic plant samples cv. Shiraz. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of R16F2/R2 amplicons with TruI and Tsp509I restriction enzymes, discriminating among phytoplasma ribosomal group and subgroups, showed profiles corresponding to those of “Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia” (ribosomal subgroup 16SrII-B) in all three positive samples. A Stolbur phytoplasma profile (ribosomal subgroup 16SrXII-A) was also observed in one of those samples, indicating the presence of mixed phytoplasma infection (1). Sequencing of the obtained amplicons confirmed the RFLP phytoplasma identification; in particular 16SrXII-A could be the same phytoplasma associated with the ‘Bois Noir’ disease reported in grapevine; the 1601-bp sequence of 16SrII-B phytoplasma showed 98% similarity to U15442, i.e., to the phytoplasma associated with lime witches'-broom disease in Oman (“Ca. P. aurantifolia”) confirming RFLP results. To our knowledge, this is the first report of phytoplasmas in grapevine in South Africa. References: (1) I.-M. Lee et al. Phytopathology 85:728, 1995. (2) B. Schneider et al. Pages 369–380 in: Molecular and Diagnostic Procedures in Mycoplasmology Vol. I. Academic Press Inc., 1995.

scholarly journals Phytoplasma occurrence in apple trees in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fialová ◽  
M. Navrátil ◽  
P. Válová
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Apple Proliferation ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The presence of phytoplasmas in apple trees with proliferation symptoms, rubbery wood symptoms and no symp­toms was determined by using polymerase chain reaction assays with primers amplifying phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene. Phytoplasmas were detected in all trees with proliferation symptoms. Positive tests for phytoplasma in the group of trees with rubbery wood symptoms and of those without symptoms revealed a relatively high incidence of latent phytoplasma infection. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, phytoplasma of the same identity – apple proliferation phytoplasma (subgroup 16SrX-A) – was recorded in all positively tested trees.  

scholarly journals First report of Trypanosoma cruziinfection in naturally infected dogs from southern Bahia, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilo Fernandes Leça Júnior ◽  
Valter dos Anjos Almeida ◽  
Fábio Santos Carvalho ◽  
George Rego Albuquerque ◽  
Fabiana Lessa Silva
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
First Report ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Southern Bahia ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Cruzi Infection

In order to verify the Trypanosoma cruzi infection in domestic domiciled dogs in a rural endemic area from the south region of the State of Bahia, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were performed using S35 and S36 primers in 272 dogs living in the district of Vila Operaria, in the municipality of Buerarema. All animals were clinically evaluated; 2.5 mL of blood were collected through venipuncture for the performance of molecular tests. None of these animals showed clinical signs of the illness and only two were identified with the DNA parasite. This result is the first report of natural infection by T. cruzi in domestic dogs in southern Bahia.

scholarly journals Congenital plasminogen deficiency caused by a Ser572 to Pro mutation

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Azuma ◽  
Y Uno ◽  
T Shigekiyo ◽  
S Saito
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Patient ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Japanese Family ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Restriction Fragment Polymorphism ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Digestion Pattern ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Flanking Regions

Abstract We used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy and restriction fragment polymorphism analysis to evaluate all 19 exons of the plasminogen (PLG) gene in a Japanese patient with congenital PLG deficiency and her family members. She presented with cerebral infarction. Sequence analysis following amplification of each exon and its flanking regions showed a single T to C transition in exon 14, which changed a Ser572 codon (TCC) to Pro572 codon (CCC). Since this mutation generates a new Fok I site, the Fok I digestion pattern of the PCR-amplified exon 14 fragments from each family member was analyzed. In all cases, the patterns were consistent with the activities and antigen levels of plasma PLG in those members. Furthermore, all PCR- amplified exon 14 fragments from 15 normal individuals were not restricted with Fok I endonuclease. We conclude that a T to C transition in exon 14 identified in the propositus is responsible for PLG deficiency inherited in this Japanese family with thrombotic episodes.

scholarly journals Updating the Quarantine Status of Prunus Infecting Viruses in Australia

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wycliff M. Kinoti ◽  
Narelle Nancarrow ◽  
Alison Dann ◽  
Brendan C. Rodoni ◽  
Fiona E. Constable
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
First Report ◽  
Hop Stunt Viroid ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Stem Pitting

One hundred Prunus trees, including almond (P. dulcis), apricot (P. armeniaca), nectarine (P. persica var. nucipersica), peach (P. persica), plum (P. domestica), purple leaf plum (P. cerasifera) and sweet cherry (P. avium), were selected from growing regions Australia-wide and tested for the presence of 34 viruses and three viroids using species-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. In addition, the samples were tested using some virus family or genus-based RT-PCR tests. The following viruses were detected: Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) (13/100), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) (1/100), Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV) (4/100), Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) (2/100), Cherry virus A (CVA) (14/100), Little cherry virus 2 (LChV2) (3/100), Plum bark necrosis stem pitting associated virus (PBNSPaV) (4/100), Prune dwarf virus (PDV) (3/100), Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) (52/100), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) (9/100) and Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) (6/100). The results showed that PNRSV is widespread in Prunus trees in Australia. Metagenomic high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and bioinformatics analysis were used to characterise the genomes of some viruses that were detected by RT-PCR tests and Apricot latent virus (ApLV), Apricot vein clearing associated virus (AVCaV), Asian Prunus Virus 2 (APV2) and Nectarine stem pitting-associated virus (NSPaV) were also detected. This is the first report of ApLV, APV2, CGRMV, CNRNV, LChV1, LChV2, NSPaV and PBNSPaV occurring in Australia. It is also the first report of ASGV infecting Prunus species in Australia, although it is known to infect other plant species including pome fruit and citrus.

scholarly journals First Report of Columbia Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi) in Potato in Texas

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Szalanski ◽  
P. G. Mullin ◽  
T. S. Harris ◽  
T. O. Powers
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Meloidogyne Chitwoodi ◽  
Its1 Region ◽  
First Report ◽  
Tail Shape ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Columbia root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden et al. (1) was identified from potatoes, Solanum tuberosum L., collected from Dallam County, Texas in October 2000. Seed potatoes are the most likely source for this introduction. This nematode is currently found infecting potatoes grown in California, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Washington. Some countries prohibit import of both seed and table stock potatoes originating in states known to harbor M. chitwoodi. Lesions on the potatoes had discrete brown coloration with white central spots in the outer 1 cm of the tuber flesh. Female nematode densities averaged 3 per square centimeter of a potato section beneath the lesions. Nematodes were morphologically identified as M. chitwoodi based on the perineal pattern of mature females and the tail shape of juveniles per Golden et al. (1). Using polymerase chain reaction-RFLP of the rDNA ITS1 region and the mtDNA COII-16S rRNA region (2), individual juveniles were identified as M. chitwoodi based on their restriction fragment patterns. This is the first report of Columbia root-knot nematode infecting potatoes in Texas. The distribution of this nematode in potato fields throughout central United States should be determined. References: (1) A. N. Golden et al. J. Nematol. 12:319, 1980. (2) T. O. Powers and T. S. Harris. J. Nematol. 25:1, 1993.

scholarly journals First Report of Rupestris stem pitting associated virus in Argentina

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 921-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Tarnowski ◽  
P. A. Worlock ◽  
S. Ulanovsky ◽  
S. Gómez Talquenca
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Method ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
First Report ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Rupestris Stem Pitting ◽  
Stem Pitting

Rupestris stem pitting associated virus (RSPaV), a component of the rugose wood complex (RWC), is a worldwide graft transmissible disease of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). RSPaV has a single-stranded 8,726-nt RNA genome, belongs to the genus Foveavirus, and is often associated with Rupestris stem pitting (RSP) disease (2). In 1995, a grapevine sanitary selection program was implemented in Mendoza to investigate this and other grapevine viral diseases. RSP can be diagnosed when V. rupestris cv. St. George is used as a woody indicator for biological indexing. Chip-bud inoculated St. George plants developed a row of small pits and grooves on the wood cylinder below the graft or around and below the inoculated point (1,2). After three seasons in the field, 15 accessions with RSP wood markings were observed. Mature leaves and bark shavings were extracted, partially purified, and analyzed by a onestep reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method. The expected 339-bp band was found in only six of the positively indexed samples using the specific 13/14 primer pair (2). Other viruses associated with RWC have been detected in Argentina, but to our knowledge, this is the first report of RSPaV. References: (1) A. C. Goheen. Page 53 in: Compendium of Grape Diseases, R. C. Pearson and A. C. Goheen, eds. American Phytopatological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1988. (2) B. Meng. Rupestris stem pitting: Insights on etiology and development of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunoassays for diagnosis. Ph.D. Diss. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 1999.

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