Natural Occurrence of Viruses in Lycopersicon spp. in Ecuador

The Andean region is home of important genetic diversity for the genus Lycopersicon. A survey of three asymptomatic populations of L. hirsutum, 17 of L. parviflorum, 188 of L. pimpinellifolium, and four cultivated populations of L. esculentum was made in nine departments of Ecuador. Samples were analyzed serologically for Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato virus X (PVX), Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV), Tomato chlorosis spot virus (TCSV), and Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV). Samples positive as determined using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (absorbance values three times higher than negative controls) were analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with virus-specific primers. L pimpinellifolium was the only species of the four found to be infected with viruses. In the department of Manabí, ToMV was detected in 15 of 16 plants from one population, but only a single plant was infected with PepMV. In this department, PepMV was also detected in a single-plant population that corresponded to a volunteer plant found in the wild and TSWV was detected in another plant. In Esmeraldas and Guayas, two single-plant populations were found infected with PepMV and CMV, respectively. TMV, PVY, PVX, GRSV, and TCSV were not detected in this survey. Specific primers were selected for ToMV (To1/To2, genome coordinates 3498-3518/4902-4922, AJ417701), PepMV (Pe1/Pe2 genome coordinates 5030-5050/5913-5935, AJ606359), CMV (Cm1/Cm2 genome coordinates 541-561/1756-1779, D00356), and TSWV (Ts1/Ts2 genome coordinates 4078-4101/4738-4769, AF208498). Amplicons of the expected size were obtained using RT-PCR and then cloned and sequenced. DNA fragments of ToMV, PepMV, and TSWV showed identities greater than 99% with respective sequences in the GenBank database. The highest identity of the CMV DNA fragment was 92% with an isolate from Indonesia (AB042292). The occurrence of viruses such as CMV, ToMV, and TSWV in coastal Ecuador was not surprising. However, infected plants were not found among the samples collected in the departments of Azuay, Carchí, El Oro, Imbabura, Loja, and Pichincha in eastern Ecuador. L. chilense, L. chmielewskii, L. parviflorum, and L. peruvianum were previously reported as natural hosts of PepMV in central and southern Peru (2), and the virus was also detected in L. esculentum in Chile (1). Our results show that PepMV now occurs in wild L. pimpinellifolium populations along the Pacific coast of the South American continent and that it must have efficient means of transmission, although no specific vectors have as yet been identified for this virus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PepMV in Ecuador and L. pimpinellifolium as a natural host of PepMV. References: (1) M. Muñoz et al. Fitopatología 37:67, 2002. (2) S. Soler et al. J. Phytopathol. 150:49, 2002.

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Viruses infecting winter tomato crops in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar01103 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 333 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. Ali ◽

S. Hassan

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Potato Virus ◽

Potato Virus X ◽

Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Weed Species ◽

Tomato Production ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

North West Frontier Province

Malakand Agency is a unique production area in the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan that is frost-free and in which tomato is grown as a winter crop. Tomato production in this area has been affected by virus-like diseases for the last 10 years. Tomato nurseries and fields at 11 locations in Malakand Agency were surveyed for tomato viruses during 1994–95. A total of 1071 samples from nurseries and 5083 samples from 142 fields were tested by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In nurseries, 3 viruses, Potato virus X (PVX), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), were detected with an incidence range of 9.8–22.3, 0–36.6, and 16.5–51.3%, respectively. In the field, 5 viruses [Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), PVX, PVY, ToMV, and Tomato yellow top virus (TYTV)] were frequently found with an incidence range of 0–13.3%, 2.6–16.7%, 0.4–13.8%, 26.1–41.3%, and 1.7–11.3%, respectively. All 5 viruses except TYTV were also detected from weed species in tomato fields or in the nearby vicinity. Of 12 commercial tomato varieties screened against CMV, PVX, PVY, and ToMV, 2 varieties (Florist and Forset) were resistant to 4 of the viruses including ToMV, for which the highest incidence was recorded in nurseries and field. These 2 varieties represent a previously undescribed and potentially useful source of resistance to the 4 inoculated viruses.

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Epidemic of Potato virus Y and Cucumber mosaic virus in Henan Province Tobacco

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2001.85.4.447c ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 447-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

X. D. Li ◽

Y. Q. Li ◽

H. G. Wang

Keyword(s):

Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Potato Virus ◽

Potato Virus Y ◽

Early Stage ◽

Potato Virus X ◽

Henan Province ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Vein Necrosis

Flue-cured tobacco is an important crop in Henan Province, China. During the 2000 growing season, many tobacco plants showed various degrees of mottling, mosaic, vein clearing, or vein necrosis in most of the counties. Some plants even died at an early stage of growth. A survey was conducted in May-June in several tobacco-growing counties, and the incidence of symptomatic plants in individual fields ranged from 10 to 85%. The most widely planted tobacco varieties, NC89, K326, and K346, were highly susceptible. Symptomatic plants were collected from Jiaxian and Xiangcheng counties and samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Potato virus X (PVX). Of 65 samples tested, 21 were positive for only PVY, 16 positive for only CMV, one each was positive for only TMV or PVX. Nineteen samples were doubly infected with various combinations of these viruses and six were infected with combinations of three viruses. The causal agent(s) in the remaining sample could not be determined. In total, CMV was detected in 40 samples, PVY in 38, PVX in 10, and TMV in 7 samples. TMV and CMV used to be the most important viruses and PVY occurred only rarely. But PVY has become prevalent in Henan and in neighboring Shandong province (2). CMV and TMV were reported to be the most prevalent viruses in Shanxi (1) and Fujian Provinces (3). Because resistant varieties are not available, and mixed infections are more common, the results presented here explain why huge damage is occurring in tobacco crops in recent years. Some varieties are partially resistant to TMV and CMV but the varieties commonly grown are highly susceptible to PVY. Therefore, breeding for resistance to viruses, especially to PVY, is urgent to control the occurrence of tobacco viral diseases. References: (1) J. L. Cheng et al. Acta Tabacaria Sin. 4:43, 1998. (2) J. B. Wang et al. Chinese Tobacco Sci. 1:26, 1998. (3) L. H. Xie et al. Acta Tabacaria Sin. 2:25, 1994.

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First Report of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus Infecting Tomato Crop in Saudi Arabia

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-05-21-1065-pdn ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Sabra ◽

Mohammed Ali Al Saleh ◽

I. M. Alshahwan ◽

Mahmoud A. Amer

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

First Report ◽

Pcr Products ◽

Dark Green ◽

Leaf Symptoms

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most economically important member of family Solanaceae and cultivated worldwide and one of the most important crops in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study is screening of the most common viruses in Riyadh region and identified the presence of tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) in Saudi Arabia. In January 2021, unusual fruit and leaf symptoms were observed in several greenhouses cultivating tomatoes commercially in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia. Fruit symptoms showed irregular brown spots, deformation, and yellowing spots which render the fruits non-marketable, while the leaf symptoms included mottling, mosaic with dark green wrinkled and narrowing. These plants presented the symptoms similar to those described in other studies (Salem et al., 2015, Luria et al., 2017). A total 45 Symptomatic leaf samples were collected and tested serologically against suspected important tomato viruses including: tomato chlorosis virus, tomato spotted wilt virus, tomato yellow leaf curl virus, tomato chlorotic spot virus, tomato aspermy virus, tomato bushy stunt virus, tomato black ring virus, tomato ringspot virus, tomato mosaic virus, pepino mosaic virus and ToBRFV using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test (LOEWE®, Biochemica, Germany), according to the manufacturers' instructions. The obtained results showed that 84.4% (38/45) of symptomatic tomato samples were infected with at least one of the detected viruses. The obtained results showed that 55.5% (25/45) of symptomatic tomato samples were found positive to ToBRFV, three out of 25 samples (12%) were singly infected, however 22 out of 45 (48.8%) had mixed infection between ToBRFV and with at least one of tested viruses. A sample with a single infection of ToBRFV was mechanically inoculated into different host range including: Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, C. album, C. glaucum, Nicotiana glutinosa, N. benthamiana, N. tabacum, N. occidentalis, Gomphrena globosa, Datura stramonium, Solanum lycopersicum, S. nigrum, petunia hybrida and symptoms were observed weekly and the systemic presence of the ToBRFV was confirmed by RT-PCR and partial nucleotide sequence. A Total RNA was extracted from DAS-ELISA positive samples using Thermo Scientific GeneJET Plant RNA Purification Mini Kit. Reverse transcription-Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out using specific primers F-3666 (5´-ATGGTACGAACGGCGGCAG-3´) and R-4718 (5´-CAATCCTTGATGTG TTTAGCAC-3´) which amplified a fragment of 1052 bp of Open Reading Frame (ORF) encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). (Luria et al. 2017). RT-PCR products were analyzed using 1.5 % agarose gel electrophoresis. RT-PCR products were sequenced in both directions by Macrogen Inc. Seoul, South Korea. Partial nucleotide sequences obtained from selected samples were submitted to GenBank and assigned the following accession numbers: MZ130501, MZ130502, and MZ130503. BLAST analysis of Saudi isolates of ToBRFV showed that the sequence shared nucleotide identities ranged between 98.99 % to 99.50 % among them and 98.87-99.87 % identity with ToBRFV isolates from Palestine (MK881101 and MN013187), Turkey (MK888980, MT118666, MN065184, and MT107885), United Kingdom (MN182533), Egypt (MN882030 and MN882031), Jordan (KT383474), USA (MT002973), Mexico (MK273183 and MK273190), Canada (MN549395) and Netherlands (MN882017, MN882018, MN882042, MN882023, MN882024, and MN882045). To our knowledge, this is the first report of occurrence of ToBRFV infecting tomato in Saudi Arabia which suggests its likely introduction by commercial seeds from countries reported this virus and spread in greenhouses through mechanical means. The author(s) declare no conflict of interest. Keywords: Tomato brown rugose fruit virus, tomato, ELISA, RT-PCR, Saudi Arabia References: Luria N, et al., 2017. PLoS ONE 12(1): 1-19. Salem N, et al., 2015. Archives of Virology 161(2): 503-506. Fig. 1. Symptoms caused by ToBRFV showing irregular brown spots, deformation, yellowing spots on fruits (A, B, C) and bubbling and mottling, mosaic with dark green wrinkled and narrowing on leaf (D).

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Involvement of the chloroplast gene ferredoxin 1 in multiple responses of Nicotiana benthamiana to Potato virus X infection

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/erz565 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 2142-2156 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xue Yang ◽

Yuwen Lu ◽

Fang Wang ◽

Ying Chen ◽

Yanzhen Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transgenic Plants ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Potato Virus ◽

Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽

Potato Virus X ◽

Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Coat Proteins ◽

Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽

Callose Deposition

Abstract The chloroplast protein ferredoxin 1 (FD1), with roles in the chloroplast electron transport chain, is known to interact with the coat proteins (CPs) of Tomato mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus. However, our understanding of the roles of FD1 in virus infection remains limited. Here, we report that the Potato virus X (PVX) p25 protein interacts with FD1, whose mRNA and protein levels are reduced by PVX infection or by transient expression of p25. Silencing of FD1 by Tobacco rattle virus-based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) promoted the local and systemic infection of plants by PVX. Use of a drop-and-see (DANS) assay and callose staining revealed that the permeability of plasmodesmata (PDs) was increased in FD1-silenced plants together with a consistently reduced level of PD callose deposition. After FD1 silencing, quantitative reverse transcription–real-time PCR (qRT–PCR) analysis and LC-MS revealed these plants to have a low accumulation of the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA), which contributed to the decreased callose deposition at PDs. Overexpression of FD1 in transgenic plants manifested resistance to PVX infection, but the contents of ABA and SA, and the PD callose deposition were not increased in transgenic plants. Overexpression of FD1 interfered with the RNA silencing suppressor function of p25. These results demonstrate that interfering with FD1 function causes abnormal plant hormone-mediated antiviral processes and thus enhances PVX infection.

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First Report of Tomato torrado virus Infecting Tomato in Colombia

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-11-11-1000 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 96 (4) ◽

pp. 592-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M. Verbeek ◽

A. M. Dullemans

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Potato Virus ◽

Polyclonal Antibodies ◽

Sandwich Elisa ◽

Potato Virus X ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Serological Tests ◽

First Report ◽

Initial Symptoms

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants grown in plastic greenhouses near Villa de Leyva, northeast of Bogota, Colombia showed necrotic spots on the leaves in September 2008. Initial symptoms were necrosis beginning at the base of leaflets that were surrounded by yellow areas. These symptoms resembled those described for Tomato torrado virus (ToTV; family Secoviridae, genus Torradovirus), which was first found in Spain (2). Other (tentative) members of the genus Torradovirus, Tomato marchitez virus (ToMarV), Tomato chocolate spot virus (ToChSV), and Tomato chocolàte virus (ToChV) (3) induce similar symptoms on tomato plants. One sample, coded T418, was stored in the freezer and brought to our lab in 2011. Serological tests (double-antibody sandwich-ELISA) using polyclonal antibodies (Prime Diagnostics, Wageningen, The Netherlands) on leaf extracts showed the absence of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus X (PVX), and Potato virus Y (PVY). Leaf extracts were mechanically inoculated onto the indicator plants Physalis floridana, Nicotiana hesperis ‘67A’, and N. occidentalis ‘P1’ (six plants in total) and were kept in a greenhouse at 20°C with 16 h of light. Necrotic symptoms appeared 4 to 5 days postinoculation and resembled those described for ToTV (2). Two dip preparations of systemically infected P. floridana and N. occidentalis leaves were examined by electron microscopy, which revealed the presence of spherical virus particles of approximately 30 nm. To confirm the presence of ToTV, total RNA was extracted from the original leaf material and an inoculated P. floridana and N. occidentalis plant using the Qiagen Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) following manufacturer's instructions. ToTV-specific primer sets ToTV-Dp33F/ToTV-Dp20R (5′-TGCTCAATGTTGGAAACCCC-3′/5′-AGCCCTTCATAGGCTAGCC-3′, amplifying a fragment of the RNA1 polyprotein with an expected size of 751 bp) and ToTV-Dp1F/ToTV-Dp2R (5′-ACAAGAGGAGCTTGACGAGG-3′/5′-AAAGGTAGTGTAATGGTCGG-3′, amplifying a fragment on the RNA2 movement protein region with an expected size of 568 bp) were used to amplify the indicated regions in a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using the One-Step Access RT-PCR system (Promega, Madison, WI). Amplicons of the predicted size were obtained in all tested materials. The PCR products were purified with the Qiaquick PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen) and sequenced directly. BLAST analyses of the obtained sequences (GenBank Accession Nos. JQ314230 and JQ314229) confirmed the identity of isolate T418 as ToTV, with 99% identity to isolate PRI-ToTV0301 in both fragments (GenBank Accession Nos. DQ388879 and DQ388880 for RNA1 and RNA 2, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first report of ToTV in Colombia, and interestingly, since ToTV has been found only in Europe and Australia (1) so far, this is the first report of ToTV on the American continent. References: (1) C. F. Gambley et al. Plant Dis. 94:486, 2010. (2) M. Verbeek et al. Arch. Virol. 152:881, 2007. (3) M. Verbeek et al. Arch. Virol. 155:751, 2010.

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First Report of Tomato torrado virus Infecting Tomato in Single and Mixed Infections with Cucumber mosaic virus in Panama

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-93-2-0198a ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 198-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

J. A. Herrera-Vásquez ◽

A. Alfaro-Fernández ◽

M. C. Córdoba-Sellés ◽

M. C. Cebrián ◽

M. I. Font ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coat Protein ◽

Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Potato Virus ◽

Plant Viruses ◽

Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Related Sequence ◽

First Report

In February of 2008, in open-field-grown tomato crops (Solanum lycopersicum L.) from the central regions of Coclé, Herrera, Los Santos, and Veraguas of Panama, unusual disease symptoms, including deformation, necrosis, purple margins, interveinal yellowing, downward and upward curling of the leaflets alternately, necrotic lines in sepals and branches, fruits distorted with necrotic lines on the surface, and severe stunting, were observed. Tomato production was seriously damaged. To verify the identity of the disease, five symptomatic tomato plants from four fields of these regions were selected and analyzed by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using specific antibodies to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus X (PVX), Potato virus Y (PVY), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (Loewe Biochemica, Sauerlach, Germany), and Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany). Total RNA was extracted from all plants and tested using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with three pairs of specific primers: one pair designed to amplify 586 bp of the coat protein gene of CMV (CMV-F 5′-CCTCCGCGGATGCTAACTT-3′ and CMV-R 5′-CGGAATCAGACTGGGAGCA-3′) and the other two pairs to Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) that amplify 580 and 574 bp of the polyprotein (4) and coat protein (Vp23) (3) region of RNA2, respectively; and by dot-blot hybridization with a digoxygenin-labeled RNA probe complementary to the aforementioned polyprotein. The serological analysis for PVX, PVY, ToMV, TSWV, and PepMV were negative. ToTV was detected in all samples analyzed. Three of these samples were also positive for CMV by serological and molecular analysis. No differences in symptom expression were observed between plants infected with both viruses or with ToTV alone. RT-PCR products were purified and directly sequenced. BLAST analysis of one CMV sequence (GenBank Accession No. EU934036) showed 98% identity with a CMV sequence from Brazil (most closely related sequence) (GenBank Accession No. AY380812) and 97% with the Fny isolate (CMV subgroup I) (GenBank Accession No. U20668). Two ToTV sequences were obtained (GenBank Accession Nos. EU934037 and FJ357161) and showed 99% and 98% identities with the polyprotein and coat protein region of ToTV from Spain (GenBank Accession No. DQ388880), respectively. CMV is transmitted by aphids and is distributed worldwide with a wide host range (2), while ToTV is transmitted by whiteflies and has only been reported in tomato crops in Spain and Poland and recently on weeds in Spain (1). To our knowledge, this is the first time ToTV has been detected in Panama and the first report of CMV/ToTV mixed infection. References: (1) A. Alfaro-Fernández et al. Plant Dis. 92:831, 2008. (2) A. A. Brunt et al. Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Online Publication, 1996. (3) H. Pospieszny et al. Plant Dis. 91:1364, 2007. (4) M. Verbeek et al. Arch. Virol. 152:881, 2007.

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Macroarray Detection of Eleven Potato-Infecting Viruses and Potato spindle tuber viroid

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-92-5-0730 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 92 (5) ◽

pp. 730-740 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Bright Agindotan ◽

Keith L. Perry

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Potato Virus ◽

Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽

Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽

Potato Virus X ◽

Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid ◽

Apparent Competition ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Potato Seed ◽

Potato Virus S

A macroarray was developed for the detection of 11 potato viruses and Potato spindle tuber viroid. The 11 viruses detected included those commonly found or tested for in North American potato seed certification programs: Alfalfa mosaic virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, Potato mop top virus, Potato leafroll virus, Potato latent virus, Potato virus A, Potato virus M, Potato virus S, Potato virus X, Potato virus Y, and Tobacco rattle virus. These viruses were detected using oligonucleotide 70-mer probes and labeled targets prepared by a random primed amplification procedure. Potato plants analyzed included those infected with 12 reference virus stocks and 36 field isolates. Results from the macroarray were entirely consistent with those obtained using a standard serological assay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Four isolates of Potato spindle tuber viroid, in mixed infection with one or more viruses, also were detected in the array, although strong hybridization signals required amplification with viroid-specific primers in combination with anchored-random primers. In individual plants, up to four viruses, or a viroid plus two viruses, were detected, with no apparent competition or inhibition. Macroarrays are a cost-effective approach to the simultaneous diagnostic detection of multiple pathogens from infected plants.

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Incidence of Viruses Infecting Tomato and Their Natural Hosts in the Southeast and Central Regions of Iran

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-93-1-0067 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 93 (1) ◽

pp. 67-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Hossain Massumi ◽

Mehdi Shaabanian ◽

Akbar Hosseini Pour ◽

Jahangir Heydarnejad ◽

Heshmetollah Rahimian

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Potato Virus ◽

Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽

Tobacco Streak Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Streak Virus ◽

Arabis Mosaic Virus ◽

Potato Virus S ◽

Chlorotic Spot ◽

Central Regions

A survey was conducted to determine the incidence of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Beet curly top virus (BCTV), Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TcSV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato virus S (PVS), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tomato ringspot virus (TRSV), Tomato aspermy virus (TAV), Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Tobacco streak virus (TSV), Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in the major horticultural crop growing areas in the southeast and central regions of Iran. A total of 1,307 symptomatic leaf samples from fields and 603 samples from greenhouses were collected from January 2003 to July 2005 in five southeastern and central provinces of Iran. Samples of symptomatic plants were analyzed for virus infection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using specific polyclonal antibodies. ArMV and CMV were the most frequently found viruses, accounting for 25.6 and 23.4%, respectively, of the collected samples. BCTV, TSWV, TMV, PVY, ToMV, and TYLCV were detected in 6.1, 5.8, 5.6, 5, 4.8, and 1.6% of the samples, respectively. TBSV, TAV, TSV, PVS, and TRSV were not detected in any of the samples tested. Double and triple infections involving different combination of viruses were found in 13.9 and 1.7% of samples, respectively. This is the first report of PVY and ArMV as viruses naturally infecting tomato in Iran. Infection of tomato plants with PVY and ArMV was confirmed. Six out of 20 plant species belonging to six genera, growing in tomato fields or in the nearby areas, were found infected with TSWV, TMV, PVY, and CMV.

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Bidens mottle virus Identified in Tropical Soda Apple in Florida

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-91-7-0905a ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 91 (7) ◽

pp. 905-905 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. A. Baker ◽

I. Kamenova ◽

R. Raid ◽

S. Adkins

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Plant Viruses ◽

Mottle Virus ◽

Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Pcr Product ◽

Potyvirus Species ◽

Tropical Soda Apple

Tropical soda apple (TSA) (Solanum viarum Dunal), a plant native to South America, was first identified in Florida in 1988 (4). It rapidly became a noxious weed in pastures throughout the state and it is known to be a reservoir for Cucumber mosaic virus, Potato leafroll virus, Potato virus Y (PVY), Tobacco etch virus (TEV), Tomato mosaic virus, and Tomato mottle virus, viruses that infect important vegetable crops in Florida (3). During a routine survey of Florida weeds during May of 2004, a TSA plant with chlorotic, young leaves found near Okeechobee, FL was determined to be infected with a potyvirus by using a commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit (Agdia, Elkhart, IN). The results of a host range study indicated this potyvirus was neither PVY nor TEV. The virus caused local lesions in Chenopodium amaranticolor and systemic symptoms in C quinoa, Coreopsis sp. (C. A. Baker, unpublished), Helianthus annus, Nicotiana benthamiana, Petunia × hybrida, Verbena hybrida, and Zinnia elegans. It did not infect Gomphrena globosa, N. glutinosa, Pisum sativum, or Phaseolus vulgaris (1). Cylindrical inclusions consistent with those observed in plants infected with Bidens mottle virus (BiMoV) were observed in Z. elegans. Immunodiffusion tests with antiserum to BiMoV (Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida) gave a reaction of identity with leaf extracts of the symptomatic zinnia, a known sample of BiMoV originally isolated from Bidens pilosa and a recent isolate of BiMoV from lettuce in Belle Glade, FL (C. A. Baker and R. Raid, unpublished). A partial polyprotein gene fragment (GenBank Accession No. EF467235) was amplified from total RNA of an inoculated C. quinoa plant by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with previously described degenerate potyvirus primers (2). Analysis of the RT-PCR product sequence confirmed the host range results and indicated that the potyvirus infecting TSA was neither PVY nor TEV. However, the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of a 247-bp portion of the RT-PCR product were 94 and 98% identical, respectively, with the coat protein sequence (GenBank Accession No. AF538686) of Sunflower chlorotic spot virus (SCSV). SCSV is a tentative potyvirus species described from Taiwan that is not yet recognized as an accepted species by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. On the basis of our concurrent host range, inclusion body, and serological data, it is likely that SCSV is in actuality the previously described and currently accepted potyvirus species BiMoV, for which no previous sequence data existed. As part of a comprehensive viral disease management plan, it is recommended that TSA plants growing in and around lettuce-production areas be controlled along with other weed hosts of this virus. References: (1) A. A. Brunt et al., eds. Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20 at http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/ , 1996. (2) A. Gibbs and A. J. Mackenzie. Virol. Methods 63:9, 1997. (3) R. J. McGovern et al. Int. J. Pest Manag. 40:270, 1994. (4) J. J. Mullahey et al. Weed Technol. 7:783, 1993.

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Identification, Characterization, and Molecular Detection of Alfalfa mosaic virus in Potato

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-96-1237 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 96 (11) ◽

pp. 1237-1242 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

H. Xu ◽

J. Nie

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Gene Sequence ◽

Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Polymorphism Analysis ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Potato Leaf ◽

Simple Method ◽

Cp Gene ◽

Nucleotide Sequence Alignment

Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) was detected in potato fields in several provinces in Canada and characterized by bioassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The identity of eight Canadian potato AMV isolates was confirmed by sequence analysis of their coat protein (CP) gene. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that these eight AMV potato isolates fell into one strain group, whereas a slight difference between Ca175 and the other Canadian AMV isolates was revealed. The Canadian AMV isolates, except Ca175, clustered together among other strains based on alignment of the CP gene sequence. To detect the virus, a pair of primers, AMV-F and AMV-R, specific to the AMV CP gene, was designed based on the nucleotide sequence alignment of known AMV strains. Evaluations showed that RT-PCR using this primer set was specific and sensitive for detecting AMV in potato leaf and tuber samples. AMV RNAs were easily detected in composite samples of 400 to 800 potato leaves or 200 to 400 tubers. Restriction analysis of PCR amplicons with SacI was a simple method for the confirmation of PCR tests. Thus, RT-PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis may be a useful approach for screening potato samples on a large scale for the presence of AMV.

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