scholarly journals Spatial Pattern of Verticillium Wilt in Commercial Mint Fields

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis A. Johnson ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
J. Richard Alldredge
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Cluster Data ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Disease Foci ◽  
Proximity Index

Spatial patterns of mint plants with symptoms of Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae were characterized in 10 commercial mint fields in Washington using several spatial analysis methods. The disease was assessed in 0.76-by-0.76-m quadrats (width of mint rows was 0.76 m) in randomly selected study sections varying in size from 5 to 76 m wide by 57 to 396 m long. The variance-to-mean ratio identified aggregation of diseased stems within quadrats even though probability distributions associated with cluster data did not fit the data well. Generally, there was more clustering within than across rows according to both doublets and runs analyses. Total number of wilt foci ranged from 5 to 170 per field, and mean size of foci ranged from 1 to 2.7 quadrats. In one field observed repeatedly, total foci increased from 24 to 104, and the mean size of foci increased from 1.0 to 1.3 quadrats in the same section of the field from one year to the next. Size of foci increased to 2.7 quadrats in a third year of sampling the same field. Mean focus size was larger within than across crop rows in 10 of 13 field-sampling occasions. The proximity index ranged from 0.88 to 1.00, indicating highly compacted disease foci. The statistical methods employed were useful in describing, quantifying, and visualizing spatial patterns of infected mint in commercial fields. Verticillium wilt spread during the life of the perennial mint crop. Inoculum for much of the secondary increase likely did not directly originate from micro-sclerotia present in soil before the crop was planted or from infected rhizomes that originally were planted.

scholarly journals Development of Perceptual Inhibition in Adolescents—a Critical Period?

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
Isabel María Introzzi ◽  
María Marta Richard’s ◽  
Yesica Aydmune ◽  
Eliana Vanesa Zamora ◽  
Florencia Stelzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Linear Trajectory ◽  
Gaussian Functions ◽  
Mean Response Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Recent studies suggest that the developmental curves in adolescence, related to the development of executive functions, could be fitted to a non-linear trajectory of development with progressions and retrogressions. Therefore, the present study proposes to analyze the pattern of development in Perceptual Inhibition (PI), considering all stages of adolescence (early, middle, and late) in intervals of one year. To this aim, we worked with a sample of 275 participants between 10 and 25 years, who performed a joint visual and search task (to measure PI). We have fitted ex-Gaussian functions to the probability distributions of the mean response time across the sample and performed a covariance analysis (ANCOVA). The results showed that the 10- to 13-year-old groups performed similarly in the task and differ from the 14- to 19-year-old participants. We found significant differences between the older group and all the rest of the groups. We discuss the important changes that can be observed in relation to the nonlinear trajectory of development that would show the PI during adolescence.

Geographical Variation in Corroboree Frogs, Pseudophryne Corroboree Moore (Anura: Myobatrachidae): a Reappraisal Supports Recognition of P-Pengilleyi Wells &Wellington

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
WS Osborne ◽  
RA Zentelis ◽  
M Lau
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Form Analysis ◽  
Southern Form ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Breeding Seasons

The extent of divergence in morphology and colour-pattern between allopatric populations of the corroboree frog, Pseudophyrne corroboree, was assessed over three breeding seasons by examination of eggs, tadpoles and adults throughout the distributional range of the species. Advertisement calls of individuals from each of the populations also were recorded and analysed. The mean size of adults was found to vary considerably between years; however, within any one year individuals from the Snowy Mountains (southern form) were significantly larger than individuals from the Brindabella Range and Fiery Range (northern form), with the differences apparently not simply related to environmental influences. Multivariate analysis of quantitative morphological characters and colour-pattern separated the frogs into two distinct geographic groups corresponding with the northern form and southern form. Analysis of advertisement calls indicated that there were slight differences in the structure of the calls of the two forms, with the main differences being in call duration and number of pulses. These results, combined with the previously described genetic differences, support their recognition as separate species. It is recommended that the name P. corroboree be restricted to the southern form and that the northern form be referred to as P. pengilleyi Wells & Wellington.

scholarly journals Development of Perceptual Inhibition in Adolescents, a Critical Period?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Maria Introzzi ◽  
María Marta Richard’s ◽  
Yesica Aydmune ◽  
Eliana Vanesa Zamora ◽  
Florencia Stelzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Covariance Analysis ◽  
Linear Trajectory ◽  
Mean Response Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Recent studies suggest that the developmental curves in adolescence, related to the development of executive functions, could be fitted to a non-linear trajectory of development with progressions and retrogressions. Therefore, the present study proposes to analyze the pattern of development in Perceptual Inhibition (PI), considering all stages of adolescence (early, middle, and late) in intervals of one year. To this aim, we worked with a sample of 275 participants between 10 and 25 years, who performed a joint visual and search task (to measure PI). We have fitted exGaussian functions to the probability distributions of the mean response time across the sample and performed a covariance analysis (ANCOVA). The results showed that the 10- to 13-year-old groups performed similarly in the task and differ from the 14- to 19-year-old participants. We found significant differences between the older group and all the rest of the groups. We discuss the important changes that can be observed in relation to the nonlinear trajectory of development that would show the PI during adolescence.

Abstract P44: Final Outcomes in Patients With Ruptured Aneurysms From the SMART Registry

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Spiotta ◽  
Reade A De Leacy ◽  
Bradley N Bohnstedt ◽  
David Fiorella ◽  
Clemens M Schirmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Class Iii ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Ruptured Aneurysms ◽  
Coil System ◽  
Post Procedure ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Retreatment Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
One Year

Introduction: We report the durability of treatment with SMART COIL System at one-year in patients with ruptured aneurysms enrolled in the SMART registry. Materials and Methods: The SMART Registry is a prospective, multi-center registry study. Procedures must employ ≥75% of the SMART, PC400, or POD coils to meet registry criteria. Patients with ruptured aneurysms presenting prior to the procedure were included in this analysis. SMART Registry endpoints include retreatment rates at one year, procedural device-related serious adverse events (SAE), and the ability to achieve adequate occlusion at immediate post-procedure. Results: Of the 905 enrolled patients with aneurysms, 31.8% (288/905) of patients had ruptured aneurysms (74.0% female; mean age 58.0 ± 13.5 years). Ruptured aneurysms were small (<4 mm) in 16.7% (48/288), medium (≥4mm to 10mm) in 68.4% (197/288), large (>10 to 25 mm) in 14.6% (42/288), giant (>25) in 0.3% (1/288), and the mean size was 6.9 mm (SD 3.5 ). Hunt and Hess grade ≥3 was reported in 43.8% (123/281) of patients. The anterior cerebral artery had 33.7% (97/288) of all ruptured aneurysms and the internal carotid artery had 30.6% (88/288). Stent-assisted coiling and balloon-assisted coiling were performed in 7.6% (22/288) and 31.3% (90/288) of patients, respectively. Mean packing density for ruptured aneurysms was 33.4% (SD 20.9). In patients with ruptured aneurysms, retreatment rate at one year was 16.5% (33/200). Procedural device-related SAEs were observed in 3.1% subjects (9/288). Raymond Class I or II was observed in 84.6% (242/286) at immediate post-procedure and in 84.3% (161/191) at one year. The multivariate analysis showed that neck width ≥4 mm (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.21-5.44, P=0.0144) and male gender (OR 2.17 95% CI 1.05-4.49, P=0.0376) were predictors of Raymond Class III or retreatment at one year. Conclusion: This analysis suggests that the SMART COIL System achieves adequate embolization and retreatment rates in ruptured aneurysms at one year.

Thyroid cancer in Iceland 1955-1984

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hrafnkelsson ◽  
J. G. Jonasson ◽  
G. Sigurdsson ◽  
H. Sigvaldason ◽  
H. Tulinius
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Multiple Covariates ◽  
Pathological Evaluation ◽  
Cox's Regression ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Papillary Type ◽  
Prognostic Power

Abstract. A retrospective study was carried out on the incidence of thyroid cancer in Iceland from 1955 to 1984. During this 30-year period 406 cases of thyroid cancer were registered. The incidence of 9.5 for females and 3.4 for males per 100 000 per year is at least twice as high as in the other Nordic countries and among the highest incidence figures reported anywhere. A considerable increase in the reported incidence of thyroid cancer was noted around 1965. The mean size of the cancer nodules at diagnosis decreased at the same time and survival rates of patients improved. The incidence decreased again during the last 5 years of the study period. Mortality rates remained similar during this 30-year period. The survival rate corrected for intercurrent death was similar for both papillary and follicular carcinomas. All patients with anaplastic carcinomas died within one year of diagnosis. Cox's regression analysis with multiple covariates revealed that age at diagnosis, anaplastic and medullary history type as compared with papillary type, pathological evaluation of tumour extent, and calendar period of diagnosis had significant prognostic power. Sex and follicular vs papillary histology type were not significant prognostic factors.

scholarly journals Häckningsbiologiska studier av smålommar Gavia stellata på Holmöarna, Norra Sverige

Ornis Svecica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Christer Olsson ◽  
Jan Pettersson ◽  
Frank Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Estimate Number

The aim of this study was to estimate number of breeding pairs, breeding success, and distance to fishing areas in a population of the Red-throated Loon Gavia stellata on two of the main islands in the Holmöarna Archipelago in the northern part of the Baltic Sea, Sweden. Potential breeding waters were surveyed during seven years, 2010–2015 and 2019. Red-throated Loons appeared in 43 of the 135 lakes of sufficient size on the islands, and the population was estimated to 25–35 pairs, or about 2% of the Swedish population. The mean size of lakes with breeding pairs was 1.6 ha, and these lakes had an average of 82% water surface without vegetation (18% vegetation cover). The mean breeding success was low, 0.30 chicks per pair and year, and at least during one year, chicks were produced in only 20 (47%) of the surveyed lakes. The average distance between the nesting waters and the fishing areas for 17 studied pairs was 1.8 km. We discuss the characteristics of suitable nesting waters as well as the factors contributing to the low reproduction. 

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

Batch Precipitation of Lead Iodide

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1301-1304
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Nývlt ◽  
Stanislav Žáček
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean

Lead iodide was precipitated by a procedure in which an aqueous solution of potassium iodide at a concentration of 0.03, 0.10 or 0.20 mol l-1 was stirred while an aqueous solution of lead nitrate at one-half concentration was added at a constant rate. The mean size of the PbI2 crystals was determined by evaluating the particle size distribution, which was measured sedimentometrically. The dependence of the mean crystal size on the duration of the experiment exhibited a minimum for any of the concentrations applied. The reason for this is discussed.

scholarly journals Incomplete Kawasaki disease - a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
S Datta ◽  
S Maiti ◽  
G Das ◽  
A Chatterjee ◽  
P Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin ◽  
Incomplete Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Echocardiographic Finding ◽  
2D Echocardiography ◽  
Acquired Heart Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Background The diagnosis of classical Kawasaki Disease was based on clinical criteria. The conventional criteria is particularly useful in preventing over diagnosis, but at the same time it may result in failure to recognize the incomplete form of Kawasaki Disease. Objective To suspect incomplete Kawasaki Disease, because early diagnosis and proper treatment may reduce substantial risk of developing coronary artery abnormality which is one of the leading causes of acquired heart disease in children. Method Nine cases of incomplete Kawasaki Disease were diagnosed over a period of one year. The diagnosis of incomplete Kawasaki Disease was based on fever for five days with less than four classical clinical features and cardiac abnormality detected by 2D- echocardiography. A repeat echocardiography was done after 6 weeks of onset of illness. The patients were treated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin and/or aspirin. Result The mean age of the patients was 3.83 years and the mean duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 12.1 days. Apart from other criteria all of our patients had edema and extreme irritability. All the patients had abnormal echocardiographic finding. Five patients received only aspirin due to nonaffordability of Intravenous Immunoglobulin and four patients received both aspirin and Intravenous Immunoglobulin, but the outcome was excellent in all the cases. Conclusion Incomplete Kawasaki Disease can be diagnosed with more awareness and aspirin alone may be used as a second line therapy in case of non affordability of Intravenous Immunoglobulin. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-4, 30-35 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i4.10234

scholarly journals Effects of topical gel formulation of Ficus carica latex on cutaneous leishmaniasis induced by Leishmania major in BALB/c mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Pouryousef ◽  
Erfan Eslami ◽  
Sepehr Shahriarirad ◽  
Sina Zoghi ◽  
Mehdi Emami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Topical Gel ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ficus carica latex on the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), induced by Leishmania major. A 5% topical gel with F. carica latex was prepared. BALB/c mice were infected by inoculation of amastigotes form of L. major. Thirty BALB/c mice were divided into five groups, where the first group was treated daily, the second group twice per day, and the third group every other day with the 5% topical gel, for 3 weeks. The sizes of the lesions were measured before and during the course of treatment. Results Although the mean size of lesions in the mice group treated with the 5% F. carica gel, especially in the group receiving daily treatment, was less than the mean size of the lesions in the control group, yet, the differences was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The findings of the current study demonstrated that the 5% F. carica latex with a 3-week course of treatment had no considerable effect in recovery or control of CL induced by L. major in the murine model. Using higher concentration of F. carica latex and with longer treatment lengths may increase its efficacy in the treatment of CL.

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