scholarly journals Effects of topical gel formulation of Ficus carica latex on cutaneous leishmaniasis induced by Leishmania major in BALB/c mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Pouryousef ◽  
Erfan Eslami ◽  
Sepehr Shahriarirad ◽  
Sina Zoghi ◽  
Mehdi Emami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Topical Gel ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ficus carica latex on the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), induced by Leishmania major. A 5% topical gel with F. carica latex was prepared. BALB/c mice were infected by inoculation of amastigotes form of L. major. Thirty BALB/c mice were divided into five groups, where the first group was treated daily, the second group twice per day, and the third group every other day with the 5% topical gel, for 3 weeks. The sizes of the lesions were measured before and during the course of treatment. Results Although the mean size of lesions in the mice group treated with the 5% F. carica gel, especially in the group receiving daily treatment, was less than the mean size of the lesions in the control group, yet, the differences was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The findings of the current study demonstrated that the 5% F. carica latex with a 3-week course of treatment had no considerable effect in recovery or control of CL induced by L. major in the murine model. Using higher concentration of F. carica latex and with longer treatment lengths may increase its efficacy in the treatment of CL.

Evaluating the Effect of Cinnarizine on Promastigotes and Amastigotes forms of Leishmania major

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lima Asgharpour Sarouey ◽  
Parvaneh Rahimi-Moghaddam ◽  
Fatemeh Tabatabaie ◽  
Khadijeh Khanaliha
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
J774 Cells ◽  
Mtt Assays

: As an important global disease, cutaneous leishmaniasis is associated with complications such as secondary infections and atrophic scars. The first line treatment with antimonials is expensive and reported to have serious side effects and enhance resistance development. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cinnarizine on standard strains of Leishmania major because of paucity of information on this subject. Methods: In this experimental study, four concentrations of the drug (5, 10, 15 and 20 μg/ml) were added to Leishmania major cultures at 24, 48 and 72 hours intervals. MTT assays were performed to determine parasite viability and drug toxicity. Leishmania major promastigotes were augmented to the in vitro cultured macrophages (J774 cells) and then incubated for 72 hours. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was ascertained by counting parasites. The inhibitory effect of the drug was compared with that of Glucantime. Flow-cytometry was performed to investigate apoptosis. Each test was repeated thrice. Results: The IC50 values of Cinnarizine after 72 hours were calculated to be 34.76 μg/ml and 23.73 μg/ml for promastigotes and amastigotes, respectively. The results of MTT assays showed 48 % promastigote viability after 72 hour-exposure to Cinnarizine at 20 μg/ml concentration. Programmed cell death in promastigote- and amastigote-infected macrophages was quantified to be 13.66 % and 98.7 %, respectively. Flow- cytometry analysis indicated that Cinnarizine induced early and late apoptosis in parasites. All treatments produced results which differed significantly from control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Cinnarizine showed low toxicity with anti-leishmanial and apoptosis effects on both promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms. Therefore, we may suggest further assessment on animal models of this drug as candidates for cutaneous leishmaniasis therapy.

P–328 Dienogest significantly decreases the size of the cyst and alters Anti-Müllerian Hormone concentration in patients with endometrioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Karataş ◽  
B E Temiz ◽  
S Mumusoglu ◽  
H Yarali ◽  
G Bozdag
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Respective Figure

Abstract Study question Does utilization of dienogest make any impact on the size of cyst and Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) concentration in patients with endometrioma throughout 12-months? Summary answer Although dienogest makes a gradual reduction in the size of endometrioma cyst throughout 12-months, a significant drop in AMH serum concentration was also noticed. What is known already According to recent studies, pre-operative serum AMH levels might be illusively increased with parallel to the size of endometrioma which will be a misleading factor while deciding to operate the patient via cystectomy. Although dienogest is one of the medical options that might be commenced in patients with endometrioma cyst, there is limited data about its effect on the size of the endometrioma and hence serum AMH concentration throughout 12 months of follow up. Study design, size, duration The current observational cohort study was conducted among patients with endometrioma those treated with dienogest from January 2017 to January 2020. The primary outcome was alteration in diameter of endometrioma cyst at 6th and 12th months of treatment. Secondary outcome was alteration in serum AMH concentration in the same period. Of 104 patients treated with dienogest, 44 patients were excluded due to being treated with any type of surgical intervention during follow up period. Participants/materials, setting, methods A total of 60 patients were recruited for the final analysis. Of them, primary symptom was dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain and menstrual irregularity in 16 (26.7%), 25 (41.7%) and 8 (13.3%) patients, respectively. Eighteen patients (30%) were asymptomatic. As 21 patients had bi-lateral endometrioma, size of the leading cyst was considered to be analyzed for the primary outcome measure. Paired-t test was used for comparison of numerical values and p ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistical significance. Main results and the role of chance The mean age was 31.5±8.0 years. In the time point when dienogest was started, the mean size of the endometrioma was 46.3±17.4 mm. The mean serum AMH concentration was 3.6±2.4 ng/ml. After 6 months of treatment, the mean size of the endometrioma decreased to 38.6±14.0 mm which corresponds to a mean difference of 7.8 mm (95% CI: 3.0 to 12.6; p: 0.003). The respective figure for AMH was 3.3±2.7 ng/ml which corresponds to a mean difference of 0.3 ng/ml (95% CI: –0.2 to 0.8; p: 0.23) at 6 months. After 12 months of treatment, the mean size of the endometrioma was 37.5±15.7 mm which corresponds to a mean difference of 8.9 mm (95% CI: 2.9 to 14.9; p: 0.005) at the end of 12 months. The respective figure for AMH was 2.7±1.9 ng/ml which corresponds to a mean difference of 0.9 ng/ml (95% CI: 0.1 to 1.7; p: 0.045) at the end of 12 months. The mean diameter of endometrioma and AMH concentration did not differ throughout the time period between 6th and 12th months of the treatment. Limitations, reasons for caution Although herein we present the largest data that depicts the alteration of endometrioma cyst and AMH concentration with the application of dienogest, the lack of control group is a limitation that avoids to perform any comparison. Wider implications of the findings: A shrinkage after commencement of treatment suggest that dienogest might present improvement in patients with endometrioma with respect to radiological findings, but further studies are required whether a decline in AMH concentration after 12 months refers to a genuine decrease in ovarian reserve or resolution of misleading high pre-treatment levels. Trial registration number not available

scholarly journals A new experimental model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in Wistar rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo de las Heras Kozma ◽  
Edson Marcelino Alves ◽  
Valter Abraao Barbosa-de-Oliveira ◽  
Fernanda Degobbi Tenorio Quirino dos Santos Lopes ◽  
Renan Cenize Guardia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Mean Linear Intercept ◽  
The Mean

OBJECTIVE: To describe a new murine model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the cigarette smoke group, comprising 12 rats exposed to smoke from 12 commercial filter cigarettes three times a day (a total of 36 cigarettes per day) every day for 30 weeks; and the control group, comprising 12 rats exposed to room air three times a day every day for 30 weeks. Lung function was assessed by mechanical ventilation, and emphysema was morphometrically assessed by measurement of the mean linear intercept (Lm). RESULTS: The mean weight gain was significantly (approximately ten times) lower in the cigarette smoke group than in the control group. The Lm was 25.0% higher in the cigarette smoke group. There was a trend toward worsening of lung function parameters in the cigarette smoke group. CONCLUSIONS: The new murine model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema and the methodology employed in the present study are effective and reproducible, representing a promising and economically viable option for use in studies investigating the pathophysiology of and therapeutic approaches to COPD.

Circulating immunoreactive somatostatin in man. Effect of age, pregnancy, growth hormone deficiency and achlorhydria

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Webb ◽  
John A. H. Wass ◽  
Erica Penman ◽  
M. Murphy ◽  
José Serrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Pernicious Anaemia ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group 12 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Effect Of Age

Abstract. Plasma immunoreactive somatostatin (IRS) levels were measured fasting at 09.00 h in groups of adult individuals and children of different ages, as well as in pregnant women, in patients with pernicious anaemia documented to be achlorhydric, and in children with growth hormone deficiency. There was a gradual rise in the mean level of IRS from the third decade (mean 35.8 ± 3.8 pg/ml), which reached significance at the seventh (61.1 ± 8.4 pg/ml), eighth (66.7 ± 5 pg/ml) and ninth decade (82.6 ± 13.8 pg/ml). No change was observed in the second 28.3 ± 3.8 pg/ml) and third (31.1 ± 3.2 pg/ml) trimester of pregnancy when compared with matched, non-pregnant controls (29.7 ± 2.2 pg/ml); however, the children aged under 2 years (69.6 ± 11.2 pg/ml) had significantly higher values than the eldest group (12 to 16 years old) (46.3 ± 7.2 pg/ml) (P < 0.05). In achlorhydric patients, basal (27.2 ± 3.7 pg/ml; P < 0.01) and postprandial IRS (42.8 ± 7.7 pg/ml; P < 0.001) was significantly lower than in a matched, normal control group (basal 59.4 ± 7.2; postprandial 132.1 ± 26.3 pg/ml). Growth hormone deficiency was not associated with any differences in circulating IRS, basally or after insulin hypoglycaemia, when compared with values in normal children. These results would suggest, 1) that age has a significant effect on plasma IRS, and should be considered in the interpretation of fasting plasma levels of IRS; 2) that pregnancy and growth hormone deficiency is not accompanied by any changes in circulating IRS and presumably, somatostatin binding proteins; 3) that gastric acid is necessary for a normal release of IRS from the gastrointestinal tract to the circulation.

scholarly journals Different Doses of Intraumbilical Oxytocin on the Third Stage of Labor

2018 ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Nurul Islamy ◽  
Nuswil Bernolian ◽  
Firmansyah BasiR ◽  
Theodorus Theodorus
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage Of Labor ◽  
Treatment Dose ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Hoc

  Objective: To compare the dose of oxytocin injected intraumbilicalltowards the duration of the third stage, blood loss volume, hemoglobinand hematocrit.   Methods: This study is a prospective randomised study with acontrol. The control group was given an intramuscular injection of10 IU oxytocin. The intervention of the three groups intraumbilicaloxytocin treatment dose of 10 IU, 20 IU and 30 IU diluted in 50 ml ofnormal saline solution and administered intraumbilically. Thesample selection by purposive sampling and the distribution groupbased on systematic random sampling (10 samples each). Data weretaken from the period April 2016-January 2017 with the inclusionand exclusion criteria. Data were analysed using Chi-square, T-test,ANOVA and Post hoc tests.   Results: Characteristics study for variables of age, occupation,parity, education, episiotomy and neonates weight showed homogeneouscharacteristics. The mean duration of the third stage forall groups was between 366.7  159.0 seconds and 440.1  244.99seconds. While the average number of postpartum haemorrhage forall group 61.894  226.3ml and 309.5  110.26 ml. There were nodifferences in the dose of oxytocin on the duration of the thirdstage (p> 0.05) and the amount of bleeding (p> 0.005). There was adifference of haemoglobin between intervention group of oxytocindose of 10 IU and 30 IU intraumbilical (p = 0.031). There was nodifference between the mean hematocrit levels between the groups(p> 0.005).   Conclusion: There were no differences in the dose of oxytocinintraumbilical towards the duration of the third stage, the amountof bleeding and hematocrit levels. The decrease of haemoglobingreater in 30 IU intraumbilical significantly. Keywords: duration of the third stage, haemoglobin and hematocrit,oxytocin intraumbilical, the amount of bleeding

scholarly journals Comparison of Salivary Alpha-Amylase, Sialic Acid, and pH in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoomeh Shirzaiy ◽  
Zohreh Dalirsani
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives During pregnancy, systemic physiological alterations lead to some changes in the oral cavity, which could prepare the mouth environment for oral and dental problems. This study was aimed to investigate salivary α-amylase, sialic acid levels, and pH levels in pregnant and nonpregnant females. Materials and Methods In this analytical, case–control study, unstimulated saliva samples were collected with spiting method from 35 pregnant women (case group) and 35 nonpregnant women (control group) and transferred to the laboratory to assess salivary α-amylase, sialic acid, and pH levels. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version: 19) software through statistical methods of independent t-test and analysis of variance. Results The mean sialic acid levels were 2.285 ± 1.230 mg/dL in pregnant and 2.744 ± 1.326 in nonpregnant women without any significant difference (p = 0.138). The mean salivary α-amylase concentrations were 2.461 ± 1.869 U/L and 2.439 ± 2.058 U/L, respectively, in pregnant and nonpregnant women, with no significant difference (p = 0.963).The mean salivary pH in nonpregnant women was significantly more than that in pregnant women (7.845 ± 0.430 and 6.868 ± 0.413, respectively) (p < 0.001). Also, the mean salivary pH levels in pregnant women were 7.474 ± 0.420 in the first trimester, 6.868 ± 0.413 in the second trimester, and 6.568 ± 0.387 in the third trimester, which were significantly different (p < 0.001). Conclusion Salivary sialic acid and α-amylase levels among pregnant women were no different from those of other subjects. During pregnancy, the salivary pH significantly reduced, and the mean salivary pH during pregnancy had a decreasing trend from the first trimester to the third trimester.

scholarly journals TEAMMATES CONSULT STRATEGY TOWARDS STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION AND READING NARRATIVE TEXT

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Fathurrahman Imran ◽  
K. Dedy Sandiarsa S.
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This research was generally attempted to find the effect of Teammates Consult Strategy towards students’ motivation and reading narrative text at FPBS IKIP Mataram. This research was an experimental research with MANOVA as the data analysis. The population of this research was the students of the third semester of FPBS students. The sample of the research was 45 students consisted of two classes. From the research data found that with the mean score of motivation was 81,04 and control group was 78,00. With the significance 0.000 < 0,05. While the mean for the reading of experimental group was 82,54 and control group was 79,09 with the significance 0.000 < 0,05. It can be concluded that the result of the research showed that there was a significant effect of Teammates Consult strategy towards students’ motivation, there was a significant effect of Teammates consult strategy toward reading narrative text, there was a significant effect of motivation and reading narrative text, there was a significant effect of Teammates Consult strategy towards students motivation and reading narrative text and there was no correlation between motivation and reading narrative text.

scholarly journals Effect of Nurse Navigation Program on Colorectal Cancer Screening Behaviour of the Individuals Aged 50-70

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 50s-50s ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Temucin ◽  
N.O. Nahcivan
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
The Third ◽  
Screening Behavior ◽  
Navigation Program ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. In Turkey, it is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and fourth leading cause of cancer death. Cancer screening activities are mostly initiated and implemented at primary health care services. Despite it is known that benefits of screening in reducing CRC incidence and mortality rates CRC screening rates are significantly lower among men and women in Turkey. However there are several interventions have been proposed to identify and remove barriers for increasing CRCS in the literature, navigation programs, also known as individualized counseling, have begun to used as a promising method recently. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate effects of Nurse Navigation Program that is administered to individuals aged 50-70 on their screening behavior concerning colorectal cancer (fecal occult blood test and colonoscopy) and their beliefs about this process. Methods: The study was designed experimental pretest-posttest control group design. In the study it is used random assignment to intervention and control groups, with blocking stratified. The participants of the study were 110 individuals aged between 50 and 70 registered to a family health center in İstanbul. The 'Nurse Navigation Program' was administered to the participants. The data were collected through the use of the following three tools: the Demographical Information Form, The Harvard Colorectal Cancer Risk Assessment Tool, Instruments to Measure Colorectal Cancer Screening Benefits and Barriers. The data obtained were analyzed by the descriptive and significance analyses. Results: Following the Nurse Navigation Program the experimental groups FOBT (82% and 84%) and colonoscopy completion rate (15% and 22%) were significantly higher in the control group at 3 and 6 months follow-up. Following the program when compared with the control group it is found that the mean score of the barriers perception of the experimental group was significantly lower and the mean score of the benefits perception of the experimental group was significantly higher. Conclusion: The results show that the Nurse Navigation Program had significant effects on the CRC screening behavior and health-related beliefs concerning the CRC screening. It can be suggested that the Nurse Navigation Program can be further tested on different groups to observe its effects.

Leishmanicidal potentials of Gossypium hirsutum extract and its fractions on Leishmania major in a murine model: parasite burden, gene expression, and histopathological profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sharifi ◽  
Fariba Sharififar ◽  
Mostafa Pournamdari ◽  
Mehdi Ansari ◽  
Razieh Tavakoli Oliaee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

Introduction. Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical and subtropical disease caused by over 20 protozoan species. Hypothesis. Treatment of this complex disease with traditional synthetic drugs is a major challenge worldwide. Natural constituents are unique candidates for future therapeutic development. Aim. This study aimed to assess the in vivo anti-leishmanial effect of the Gossypium hirsutum extract, and its fractions compared to the standard drug (Glucantime, MA) in a murine model and explore the mechanism of action. Methodology. Footpads of BALB/c mice were infected with stationary phase promastigotes and treated topically and intraperitoneally with G. hirsutum extract, its fractions, or Glucantime, 4 weeks post-infection. The extract and fractions were prepared using the Soxhlet apparatus with chloroform followed by the column procedure. Results. The crude extract significantly decreased the footpad parasite load and lesion size compared to the untreated control group (P<0.05), as revealed by dilution assay, quantitative real-time PCR, and histopathological analyses. The primary mode of action involved an immunomodulatory role towards the Th1 response in the up-regulation of IFN-γ and IL-12 and the suppression of IL-10 gene expression profiling against cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major. Conclusion. This finding suggests that the extract possesses multiple combinatory effects of diverse bioactive phytochemical compositions that exert its mechanisms of action through agonistic-synergistic interactions. The topical extract formulation could be a suitable and unique candidate for future investigation and pharmacological development. Further studies are crucial to evaluate the therapeutic potentials of the extract alone and in combination with conventional drugs using clinical settings.

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