scholarly journals Resistance Quantitative Trait Loci qMi-C11 and qMi-C14 in Cotton Have Different Effects on the Development of Meloidogyne incognita, the Southern Root-Knot Nematode

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mychele B. Da Silva ◽  
Richard F. Davis ◽  
Pawan Kumar ◽  
Robert L. Nichols ◽  
Peng W. Chee
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Nematode Development

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) qMi-C11 and qMi-C14 impart a high level of resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in cotton. Breeders had previously backcrossed both QTLs into the susceptible Coker 201 to create the highly resistant M-120 RNR, and we crossed Coker 201 and M-120 RNR to create near-isogenic lines with either qMi-C11 or qMi-C14. Previous work suggests different modes of action for qMi-C11 and qMi-C14. To document individual and combined effects of the QTLs on nematode development and reproduction, Coker 201 (neither QTL), M-120 RNR (both QTLs), CH11 near isoline (qMi-C11), and CH14 near isoline (qMi-C14) were inoculated with M. incognita. At 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 25, and 30 days after inoculation (DAI), roots were stained to observe nematode developmental stages (second-stage juvenile [J2], swollen second-stage juvenile [SJ2], third-stage juvenile [J3], fourth-stage juvenile [J4], and female), and the number of galls was counted. At 20, 25, 30, and 40 DAI, M. incognita eggs were harvested and counted. At 30 DAI, 80% of the nematodes on Coker 201 were female compared with 50, 40, and 33% females on CH14, CH11, and M-120 RNR, respectively, and greater proportions of nematodes remained in J2 in M-120 RNR (41%), CH11 (58%), and CH14 (27%) than in Coker 201 (9%). More nematodes progressed to J3 or J4 on Coker 201 and CH14 than on CH11 or M-120 RNR. Coker 201 and CH14 had more galls than M-120 RNR. Coker 201 had more eggs than the other genotypes at 30 DAI. Nematode development beyond J2 or SJ2 was significantly reduced by qMi-C11, and development beyond J3 or J4 was significantly reduced by qMi-C14. This study confirms that qMi-C11 and qMi-C14 act at different times and have different effects on the development of M. incognita, and therefore, they have different modes of action.

scholarly journals Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and its management: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Sudeep Subedi ◽  
Bihani Thapa ◽  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Growth Quality

Root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita stands out among the most harmful polyphagous endoparasite causing serious harm to plants, and distributed all over the globe. RKN causes reduced growth, quality and yield along with reduced resistance of the host against biotic and abiotic stresses. Infective second stage juvenile enters host roots with the help of the stylet and becomes sedentary getting into the vascular cylinder. Dramatic changes occur in host cells, making a specialized feeding site, induced by the secretion of effector protein by RKN. M. incognita can be controlled by nematicides, biocontrol agents, botanicals essential oils and growing resistant cultivars. Nematicides are no longer allowed to use in many parts of the world because of environmental hazards and toxicity to humans and other organisms. Researchers are concentrating on searching suitable alternatives to nematicides for effective management of M. incognita. This review mainly tries to explain the biology of M. incognita and different management options recommended in recent years. However, an effective and economical management of M. incognita remains an immense challenge.

scholarly journals Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Multiple Independent Loci for Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum Races 1 and 4 in an Interspecific Cotton Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 759-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congli Wang ◽  
Mauricio Ulloa ◽  
Tra Duong ◽  
Philip A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Major Qtls ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Plant Injury

Fusarium wilt, caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, is a vascular disease of cotton (Gossypium spp.). F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 1 (FOV1) causes major plant injury and yield loss in G. hirsutum cultivars with coinfection with root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), while F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 4 (FOV4) causes plant damage without nematode coinfection in G. hirsutum and in G. barbadense cultivars. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of the interspecific cross G. barbadense Pima S-7 × G. hirsutum Acala NemX revealed separate multiple loci determining resistance to FOV1 and FOV4, confirming that race specificity occurs in F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. Based on the area under the disease progress stairs, six major QTLs on chromosomes (Chrs) 1, 2, 12, 15 (2), and 21 contributing 7 to 15% to FOV1 resistance and two major QTLs on Chrs 14 and 17 contributing 12 to 33% to FOV4 resistance were identified. Minor-effect QTLs contributing to resistance to both FOV1 and FOV4 were also identified. These results define and establish a pathosystem of race-specific resistance under polygenic control. This research also validates the importance of previously reported markers and chromosome regions and adds new information for the location of F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum resistance genes. Some F8 recombinant inbred lines have resistance to both FOV1 and FOV4 and also to root-knot nematode, providing multiple resistance sources for breeding.

scholarly journals Resistance Quantitative Trait Loci Originating from Solanum sparsipilum Act Independently on the Sex Ratio of Globodera pallida and Together for Developing a Necrotic Reaction

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1186-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Caromel ◽  
Didier Mugniéry ◽  
Marie-Claire Kerlan ◽  
Sandra Andrzejewski ◽  
Alain Palloix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Lower Effect ◽  
Solanum Sparsipilum ◽  
Nematode Development

Plant resistance to nematodes is related to the ability of the host to reduce the development of nematode juveniles into females. Resistance to the potato cyst nematode (PCN) Globodera pallida, originating from the wild species Solanum sparsipilum, was dissected by a quantitative trait loci (QTL) approach. Two QTL explained 89% of the phenotypic variation. The QTL GpaVsspl on chromosome V displayedthe major effect on the cyst number (coefficient of determination [R2] = 76.6%). It restricted G. pallida development to 16.2% of juveniles, 81.5% of males, and 2.3% of females. The QTL GpaXIsspl chromosome XI displayed a lower effect on the cyst number (R2 = 12.7%). It restricted G. pallida development to 13.8% of juveniles, 35.4% of males, and 50.8% of females. Clones carrying both QTL restricted the nematode development to 58.1% juveniles, 41.1% of males, and 0.8% of females. We demonstrated that potato clones carrying both QTL showed a strong necrotic reaction in roots infected by nematodes, while no such reaction was observed in clones carrying a single QTL. This result underlines the importance to introgress together GpaVsspl and GpaXIsspl into potato cultivars, in order to reduce the density of this quarantine pest in soil and to decrease the risk of selecting overcoming G. pallida subpopulations.

Comparison of salt tolerance during seed germination and vegetative growth in tomato by QTL mapping

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Foolad
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Trait Loci

The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic relationship between salt tolerance during seed germination and vegetative growth in tomato by comparing quantitative trait loci (QTLs) which confer salt tolerance at these two developmental stages. A salt-sensitive Lycopersicon esculentum line (NC84173; maternal and recurrent parent) was hybridized with a salt-tolerant accession (LA722) of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, and BC1 and BC1S1 populations were developed. The BC1 population was used for RFLP mapping and the BC1S1 population for evaluation of salt tolerance during germination and vegetative growth. The results indicated the presence of a small but significant correlation (r = -0.22, p < 0.05) between rate of seed germination and the percentage of plant survival under salt stress. Seven and five QTLs were identified for salt tolerance during seed germination and vegetative growth, respectively. While in most cases the location of QTLs for germination was different from that for vegetative growth, there were some coincidences in QTL locations; this was consistent with the small phenotypic correlation observed between the two traits. The overall results indicated that, in these tomato genetic materials, salt tolerance during seed germination was independent of that during vegetative growth. However, simultaneous improvement of tolerance at the two developmental stages should be possible through marker-assisted selection and breeding.Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, L. pimpinellifolium, salt tolerance, seed germination vegetative growth, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), quantitative trait loci (QTLs).

scholarly journals Mapping quantitative trait loci for yield-related traits and predicting candidate genes for grain weight in maize

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanming Zhao ◽  
Chengfu Su
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Composite Interval Mapping ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Stable Qtls

Abstract Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapped in different genetic populations are of great significance for marker-assisted breeding. In this study, an F2:3 population were developed from the crossing of two maize inbred lines SG-5 and SG-7 and applied to QTL mapping for seven yield-related traits. The seven traits included 100-kernel weight, ear length, ear diameter, cob diameter, kernel row number, ear weight, and grain weight per plant. Based on an ultra-high density linkage map, a total of thirty-three QTLs were detected for the seven studied traits with composite interval mapping (CIM) method, and fifty-four QTLs were indentified with genome-wide composite interval mapping (GCIM) methods. For these QTLs, Fourteen were both detected by CIM and GCIM methods. Besides, eight of the thirty QTLs detected by CIM were identical to those previously mapped using a F2 population (generating from the same cross as the mapping population in this study), and fifteen were identical to the reported QTLs in other recent studies. For the fifty-four QTLs detected by GCIM, five of them were consistent with the QTLs mapped in the F2 population of SG-5 × SG-7, and twenty one had been reported in other recent studies. The stable QTLs associated with grain weight were located on maize chromosomes 2, 5, 7, and 9. In addition, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SG-5 and SG-7 were obtained from the transcriptomic profiling of grain at different developmental stages and overlaid onto the stable QTLs intervals to predict candidate genes for grain weight in maize. In the physical intervals of confirmed QTLs qKW-7, qEW-9, qEW-10, qGWP-6, qGWP-8, qGWP-10, qGWP-11 and qGWP-12, there were 213 DEGs in total. Finally, eight genes were predicted as candidate genes for grain size/weight. In summary, the stable QTLs would be reliable and the candidate genes predicted would be benefit for maker assisted breeding or cloning.

scholarly journals Analysis of Cotton Chromosome 11 and 14 Root-Knot Nematode Resistance Quantitative Trait Loci Effects on Root-Knot Nematode Postinfection Development, Egg Mass Formation, and Fecundity

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Wubben ◽  
Amanda G. Gaudin ◽  
Jack C. McCarty ◽  
Johnie N. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Chromosome 11 ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Female Fecundity ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Mass Formation

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) resistance to root-knot nematode (RKN) (Meloidogyne incognita) is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 11 (CHR11) and 14 (CHR14). The individual contributions of these QTLs to resistance are not completely understood. We developed near isogenic lines susceptible at both loci (null), having CHR11 or CHR14 alone, and having both QTLs (CHR11/CHR14). RKN reproduction, postinfection development, egg mass formation, and adult female fecundity were evaluated. Total RKN reproduction was reduced more in CHR14 versus CHR11 but not as greatly as in CHR11/CHR14. Second-stage juvenile (J2) development to the J3 and J4 (J3+J4) life stages was delayed in CHR11, whereas the J2 transition to J3+J4 in CHR14 followed a similar track as in null plants. Development of J3+J4 nematodes to adult females was inhibited in CHR14 at 21 days after inoculation (DAI). Adult female numbers were decreased in CHR11 and CHR14 at 21 and 28 DAI, with CHR11/CHR14 showing an even greater reduction by 28 DAI. The number of egg masses per gram of root at 21, 28, and 35 DAI formed on CHR11 and CHR14 followed a similar track as numbers of adult females. RKN adult female fecundity (eggs/egg mass) was reduced for CHR11 and CHR14 compared with the null at 21 DAI; however, CHR11 eggs/egg mass was only slightly reduced versus the null by 28 DAI. In contrast, CHR14 eggs/egg mass was like CHR11/CHR14, showing a 4-fold decrease compared with CHR11 and the null.

A genome scan for quantitative trait loci associated with body weight at different developmental stages in chickens

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Gao ◽  
X. X. Hu ◽  
Z. Q. Du ◽  
X. M. Deng ◽  
Y. H. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Genome Scan ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Trait Loci

scholarly journals Three Combined Quantitative Trait Loci from Nonhost Lactuca saligna Are Sufficient to Provide Complete Resistance of Lettuce Against Bremia lactucae

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1160-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningwen W. Zhang ◽  
Koen Pelgrom ◽  
Rients E. Niks ◽  
Richard G. F. Visser ◽  
Marieke J. W. Jeuken
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Bremia Lactucae ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Lactuca Saligna ◽  
Complete Resistance ◽  
Trait Loci

The nonhost resistance of wild lettuce (Lactuca saligna) to downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) is based on at least 15 quantitative trait loci (QTL), each effective at one or more plant developmental stages. We used QTL pyramiding (stacking) to determine how many of these QTL from L. saligna are sufficient to impart complete resistance towards B. lactucae to cultivated lettuce, L. sativa. The alleles of four of the most promising QTL, rbq4, rbq5, rbq6+11, and rbq7 are effective at both the young and adult plant stages. Lines with these four QTL in all possible combinations were generated by crossing the respective backcross inbred lines (BIL). Using the 11 resulting lines (combiBIL), we determined that combinations of three QTL, rbq4, rbq5, and rbq6+11, led to increased levels of resistance; however, one QTL, rbq7, did not add to the resistance level when combined with the other QTL. One line, tripleBIL268, which contains the three QTL rbq4, rbq5, and rbq6+11, was completely resistant to B. lactucae at the young plant stage. This suggests that these three QTL are sufficient to confer the complete resistance of the nonhost L. saligna and any additional QTL in L. saligna are redundant. Histological analysis of B. lactucae infection in L. saligna, the BIL, and the combiBIL 48 h after inoculation revealed different microscopical phenotypes of resistance. The QTL differed with respect to the stage of the infection process with which they interfered.

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