scholarly journals First Report of Chickpea chlorotic stunt virus Infecting Legume Crops in Tunisia

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 1321-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Najar ◽  
S. Kumari ◽  
N. Attar ◽  
S. Lababidi
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
High Sequence Identity ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
First Report ◽  
Coat Protein Region ◽  
Beet Western Yellows Virus ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Legume Crops

During a survey of legume crops in the northeast and northwest regions of Tunisia in April 2010, plants showing yellowing, reddening, and stunting symptoms were observed. A total of 281 symptomatic samples were collected: 142 plants from 10 chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) fields, 84 plants from six faba bean (Vicia faba L.) fields, and 55 plants from six pea (Pisum sativum L.) fields. All samples were tested by the tissue-blot immunoassay procedure with the following monoclonal antibodies (MAbs): a broad-spectrum legume-luteovirus MAb (5G4), Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV; genus Nanovirus, family Nanovirudae) (3-2E9; provided by J. Vetten, BBA, Braunschweig, Germany), Beet western yellows virus (BWYV; genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae) (A5977; Agdia, Elkhart, IN), Bean leafroll virus (BLRV; genus Luteovirus, family Luteoviridae) (4B10), Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV; genus Luteovirus, family Luteoviridae) (ATCC PVAS-650; American Type Culture Collection ATCC, Rockville, MD,), and a mixture of three MAbs (5-2B8, -3D5, and -5B8) to a Syrian isolate of Chickpea chlorotic stunt virus (CpCSV) (1). Serological tests showed that CpCSV was detected in 121 samples (43.06%) (62 chickpea, 57 faba bean, and 2 pea), followed by FBNYV (detected in three faba bean and three pea), BWYV (detected in three chickpea and one faba bean), and BLRV (detected in one pea sample). FBNYV, BLRV, and BWYV have been previously detected in faba bean and chickpea in Tunisia (4), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of CpCSV affecting legumes in Tunisia, which was found in seven chickpea, seven faba bean, and two pea fields. CpCSV has been reported to naturally infect legume crops such as chickpea, lentil, field pea, and faba bean as well as some leguminous weeds and a few wild non-legume plants species in many countries in West Asia and North Africa and causes economic losses on chickpea in Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Syria (1–3). Serological results of CpCSV was confirmed in four (two pea, one faba bean, and one chickpea) samples by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using CpCSV specific primers (F:5′-TAGGCGTACTGTTCAGCGGG-3′ and R:5′-TCCTTTGTCCATTCGAGGTGA-3′) (3), which produced an amplicon of expected size (413 bp). No amplification was observed from healthy plant extracts. Sequence analysis revealed that the four Tunisian isolates (TuV 258-201 collected from faba bean [GenBank Accession No. HQ199310], TuC 215-201 collected from chickpea [HQ199307], and TuP 163-201 [HQ199308] and TuP 166-201 collected from pea [HQ199309]) were most similar to each other with a high sequence identity (99%) and clustered with isolates of CpCSV from Syria (GenBank Accession No. EU541270), Egypt (EU541269), and Morocco (EU541267), to which they were most closely related (98%). The Tunisian isolates also showed high sequence identity (96%) in the coat protein region with Ethiopian (GenBank Accession No. EU541257) and Sudanese (EU541263) isolates. However, all isolates are distinct from BWYV, BLRV, and SbDV (less than 70% sequence identity). Since CpCSV is transmitted by aphids only, additional studies are needed to identify the host range of the virus and the efficient aphid vectors to better understand the epidemiology of this virus under Tunisian conditions References: (1) A. D. Abraham et al. Arch.Virol. 154:791; 2009. (2) N. Y. Asaad et al. J. Phytopathol. 157:756, 2009. (3) S. G. Kumari et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 47:42, 2008. (4) A. Najar et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 39:423, 2000.

scholarly journals First Report of Wheat dwarf virus and Its Vector (Psammotettix provincialis) Affecting Wheat and Barley Crops in Syria

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ekzayez ◽  
S. G. Kumari ◽  
I. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Chinese Isolate ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Wheat Dwarf Virus ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
First Report ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Wide Range

A field survey covering the major cereal-production areas of Syria was conducted during May 2009. A total of 938 wheat and 971 barley samples with typical symptoms of viral infection were collected from 45 wheat and 58 barley fields. All collected samples were tested by the tissue-blot immunoassay (1) at the Virology Laboratory of ICARDA, Syria using six specific cereal virus antisera, including polyclonal antibody AS-0216 for Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) provided by the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ). Serological tests showed that WDV was detected in 16 wheat (cv. Cham 8) and five barley (cv. Arabic abiad) samples collected from Al-Hasskah governorate (eastern region of Syria) and showing dwarfing, yellowing, and reduced heading. Samples that reacted with WDV antiserum were transmitted from infected plants to healthy plants of oat (Avena sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and some grass species using four different leafhopper species, collected from Syrian wheat and barley fields, in a persistent manner. Leafhopper transmission tests indicated that only Psammotettix provincialis Ribaut was able to transmit Syrian barley WDV isolates (SB 1248-09 and SB 1249-09) from infected barley plants to healthy barley (48 plants became infected of 50 plants inoculated) and oats (45 of 50) under greenhouse conditions. The identity of P. provincialis was confirmed by the British Museum. Total DNA was extracted from six WDV-positive samples (three wheat and three barley) and tested by PCR using WDV primer set (WDV-F: 5′-TTGAGCCAATCTTCGTC-3′; WDV-R: 5′-GGAAAGACTTCCTGGGC-3′) described by Oluwafemi (2). All six Syrian WDV-positive samples generated amplicons around the expected size (~253 bp). The amplicons from one isolate from wheat (SW 2131-09, GenBank Accession No. HQ113095) and one isolate from barley (SB 1248-09, GenBank Accession No. HQ113096) showed they had 86% sequence identity with each other, suggesting that both isolates can be considered to belong to the same species (3). Barley isolate SB 1248-09 had 99% sequence identity to an Iranian isolate of Barley dwarf virus (FJ620684.1) and 92% identity to most European barley-WDV isolates (e.g., Germany [AM942044.1] and Hungary [FM999832.1]), whereas, the wheat isolate (SW 2131-09) had 98 to 100% identity with most European wheat-WDV isolates (e.g., Czech Rep [FJ546191.1] and Germany [AM296023.1]) and a Chinese isolate (EF536868.1). WDV has been reported to infect cereals in few countries in West Asia and North Africa (Turkey, Tunisia, and Morocco) and causes economic losses on wheat in many countries in Europe (e.g., Sweden). WDV has been reported to be transmitted in a persistent manner only by leafhoppers (P. alienus Dahlbom) (4) to a wide range of cereal and wild grasses. Two strains of WDV are known, one that primarily infects wheat and another that infects barley. To our knowledge, this is the first record of WDV (both strains) infecting wheat and barley crops in Syria and the first report of P. provincialis as a WDV vector worldwide. References: (1) K. M. Makkouk and A. Comeau. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 100:71, 1994. (2) S. Oluwafemi. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 5:590, 2006. (3) J. Stanley et al. Page 301 in: The International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses. 8th Report. Elsevier/Academic Press, London, 2005. (4) J. Vacke. Biol. Plant. 3:228, 1961.

scholarly journals First Report of Broomrape (Orobanche crenata) Infecting Lettuce in Southern Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1112-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Landa ◽  
J. A. Navas-Cortés ◽  
P. Castillo ◽  
N. Vovlas ◽  
A. J. Pujadas-Salvà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
First Report ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
Del Rio

Broomrapes (Orobanche spp., Orobanchaceae) are chlorophyll-lacking, obligately parasitic flowering plants that infect roots of many dicotyledoneous species and cause severe damage to vegetable and field crops worldwide, but particularly in North Africa, southern and eastern Europe, and the Middle East. (1). Orobanche crenata is one of the most important broomrapes and mainly infects legume crops (2). In January 2006, we observed severe broomrape attacks in four commercial fields of fall-sown lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. Iceberg) crops at Almodóvar del Río (Córdoba Province) in southern Spain. Infected lettuce plants showed severe stunting, foliar yellowing, and had loose-formed heads. Infection of lettuce plants by Orobanche sp. was confirmed by removing plants to verify the attachment of broomrapes to lettuce roots. There were one to four broomrapes per lettuce plant. Incidence of infected lettuce ranged from 10 to 20% in different areas of the fields. Morphological observations of broomrape plants identified the parasite as O. crenata. The main botanical features were as follows: plants 20 to 40 cm tall; corolla 20 to 28 mm, white, lips with lilac, divergent veins, lower lip large with suborbicular lobes, not ciliate; filaments hairy, obliquely inserted 2 to 4 mm above the base of corolla, with short glandular hairs in the upper third; anthers glabrous, 2 to 2.5 mm in length, and stigma yellow or pinkish at anthesis (2). O. crenata also was observed infecting faba bean (Vicia faba) plants in a field in close proximity to the affected lettuce fields. The complete 5.8S ribosomal DNA gene and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2 of O. crenata were sequenced using adventitious roots and stem tissues sampled from infected faba bean and lettuce plants (Genbank Accession Nos. DQ458908 and DQ458909) by standard protocols (3). A nucleotide BLAST search revealed that both sequences were identical and share 100% similarity with three reported ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences from two Orobanche spp. (O. crenata and O. minor; Genbank Accession Nos. AY209267, AY209266, and AY209272). On the basis of the morphological characters described above, the parasite was O. crenata and not O. minor. O. crenata has been reported infecting many legume crops in southern Spain, including faba bean, pea, lentil, and vetch. To our knowledge, this is the first report of O. crenata infecting lettuce in Spain and elsewhere. The high incidence of O. crenata on legume crops, and the severe infections found on lettuce plants suggest that this parasitic plant may be an important constraint for fall-sown lettuce in southern Spain. References: (1) A. O. Chater and D. A. Webb. Orobanchaceae. In: Flora Europaea, T. G. Tutin et al., eds. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1972. (2) A. J. Pujadas-Salvà. Orobanchaceae L. In: Plantas Parásitas de la Península Ibérica y Baleares. J. A. López Sáez et al., eds. Mundi-Prensa, Madrid, 2002. (3) G. M. Schneeweiss et al. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 30:465, 2004.

scholarly journals First Report of Faba bean necrotic yellows virus Affecting Legume Crops in Azerbaijan

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 1220-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Kumari ◽  
N. Attar ◽  
E. Mustafayev ◽  
Z. Akparov
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
First Record ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Subterranean Clover Stunt Virus ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
Legume Production

A total of 482 chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), 182 lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), 12 vetch (Vicia sativa L.), 5 field pea (Pisum sativum L.), and 3 faba bean (Vicia faba L.) samples were collected from plants with symptoms suggestive of a viral infection (leaf rolling, yellowing, and stunting) from the major legume-production areas of Azerbaijan in the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons. All samples were tested by the tissue-blot immunoassay (3) at the Virology Laboratory of ICARDA, Syria using 11 specific legume virus antisera including a monoclonal antibody (2-5H9) (1) for Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV). Laboratory tests showed that FBNYV was detected in 73, 61, 11, 3, and 2 samples of chickpea, lentil, vetch, field pea, and faba bean, respectively. Total DNA was extracted from six FBNYV-positive samples (two chickpea, two lentil, and two vetch) and tested by PCR with the following four primer sets (FBNYV, Milk vetch dwarf virus [MDV], Subterranean clover stunt virus [SCSV], and nanovirus DNA-R primers [F103 and R101]) (2). All six Azeri samples as well as the reference nanovirus isolates (SCSV-Australia, MDV-Japan, and FBNYV-Syria) generated amplicons of the expected size (~770 bp) using the nanovirus DNA-R primers (F103 & R101). In addition, Azeri samples and FBNYV-Syria yielded a PCR amplicon of the expected size (666 bp) with the FBNYV primer pair. The MDV- and SCSV-specific primers did not generate amplicons with these six samples. Sequence analysis of the FBNYV amplicons from two isolates (AzL 282-07 from lentil [GenBank Accession No. GQ351600] and AzV 277-07 from vetch [GenBank Accession No. GQ371215]) showed that they were 99% identical with each other. Comparing the sequence of AzL 282-07 with that of other nanoviruses revealed identities of 97% (FBNYV-Spain; DQ830990), 96% (FBNYV-Iran; AM493900), 92% (FBNYV-Syria; Y11408), 92% (FBNYV-Egypt; AJ132183), 78% (MDV; AB044387) and 69% (SCSV-Australia; U16734). FBNYV has been reported to infect food legumes in many countries in West Asia and North Africa and cause economic losses on faba bean in Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. To our knowledge, this is the first record of FBNYV infecting legume crops in Azerbaijan. References: (1) A. Franz et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 128:255, 1996. (2) S. G. Kumari et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 47:42, 2008. (3) K. M. Makkouk and A. Comeau. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 100:71, 1994.

scholarly journals First Report of Tomato chlorosis virus in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 1123-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Zhao ◽  
R. Wang ◽  
N. Wang ◽  
Z. F. Fan ◽  
T. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Degenerate Primers ◽  
First Report ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Cp Gene ◽  
Specific Fragment ◽  
Tomato Chlorosis Virus ◽  
Beijing China

In October 2012, a severe yellowing disease was found on greenhouse and plastic house tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants in Beijing, China. The disease incidence varied from 5 to 80% in each of six fields across Haidian and Daxing districts. The lower leaves showed symptoms of interveinal chlorosis, leaf brittleness, and limited brown necrotic flecks, similar to symptoms induced by Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) (two members of genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) (4). A large number of whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) were also observed. Leaf samples were taken from eight symptomatic and two asymptomatic tomato plants in two plastic houses in the Haidian district and total RNA was isolated from the 10 samples using TRIzol reagent (Tiangen, Beijing, China). Nested reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was performed to test the presence of ToCV and TICV with degenerate primers HS-11 and HS-12 and specific primers ToC-5/ToC-6 or TIC-3/TIC-4 for ToCV or TICV, respectively (1). With ToCV primers, a 463-bp specific fragment was amplified from eight symptomatic samples but not from two asymptomatic samples, and there was no amplification with TICV primers from any sample. Sequence analysis of the amplified fragment showed 99% nucleotide sequence identity with the heat shock protein 70 homolog (HSP70h) gene of ToCV isolates from Japan (GenBank Accession No. AB513442), Spain (DQ136146), Florida (AY903448), and Greece (EU284744). The presence of ToCV was confirmed by amplification of a 848-bp fragment covering the coat protein (CP) gene of ToCV with primers CP-F (5′-GAATCTTTTAGAAGCTTTGGTTTAAGG-3′) and CP-R (5′-GATCCTCTTGATCCTCATAGATTTC-3′) (3). The CP had 97 to 99% amino acid sequence identity to the above-mentioned four ToCV isolates. A sequence of the CP gene obtained from one isolate was deposited at GenBank (KC311375). Additionally, virions were isolated from 25 g of symptomatic samples followed Klaassen's method (2) and their lengths were estimated to be about 800 to 850 nm by transmission electronic microscopy To our knowledge, this is the first report of ToCV on tomato in mainland China. Tomato is one of the most widely cultivated crops in China and the spread of ToCV in China may cause significant economic losses. Further information on the prevalence and incidence of ToCV is required to assess the potential impact of this virus. References: (1) C. I. Dovas et al. Plant Dis. 86:1345, 2002. (2) V. A. Klaassen et al. J. Gen. Virol. 75:1525, 1994. (3) H. Tomoki et al. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 76:168, 2010. (4) G. C. Wisler et al. Phytopathology 88:402, 1998.

scholarly journals First Report of Cucumber vein yellowing virus on Cucumber, Melon, and Watermelon in Iran

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1113-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bananej ◽  
C. Desbiez ◽  
M. Girard ◽  
C. Wipf-Scheibel ◽  
I. Vahdat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Cucumber Plant ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
First Report ◽  
Vein Clearing ◽  
Yellowing Virus

Several viral diseases are responsible for significant economic losses in commercial cucurbit production worldwide. During a survey conducted in July 2002 in cucurbit growing areas in southern Iran, vein-clearing symptoms and leaf chlorosis on older leaves were observed on a cucumber plant near Jiroft (Kerman Province). These symptoms were similar to those caused by Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV, genus Ipomovirus, family Potyviridae), a virus first described in Israel (1) and now widespread in cucurbit crops in the Middle East and Mediterranean Regions (2). The identification of CVYV was established through differential host range reaction and immunosorbent electron microscopy (IEM) experiments. Typical vein-clearing symptoms were observed following mechanical inoculation of cucumber and melon plantlets, but no symptoms were observed in Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, Nicotiana tabacum, or Vigna sinensis. Numerous, slightly flexuous, elongated virus particles were observed in infected plant extracts. The particles were decorated by a polyclonal antiserum raised against a Sudanese isolate of CVYV. To confirm CVYV identification, total RNA extracts (TRI-Reagent, Sigma Chemical, St. Louis, MO) were obtained from the original cucumber sample. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) were carried out using CVYV-specific primers CVYV-CP-5′: 5′-GCTTCTGGTTCTCAAGTGGA-3′ and CVYV-CP-3′: 5′-GATGCATCAGTTGTCAGATG-3′ designed according to the partial sequence of the coat protein gene of CVYV-Isr (GenBank Accession No. AF233429) (2). A 540-bp fragment corresponding to the central region of CVYV coat protein was obtained from extracts of infected plants but not from healthy plant extracts. Additional watermelon (n = 6) and melon (n = 4) leaf samples collected from plants growing in the same farm were tested for the presence of CVYV using RT-PCR. All samples reacted positively for CVYV. However, a sample of Citrullus colocynthis, a wild relative of watermelon growing nearby, was negative. CVYV was not detected using RT-PCR in 123 additional cucurbit samples collected from the eastern and central regions of Iran during a survey conducted in 2002. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of CVYV in Iran. Additional surveys in southern regions where Bemisia tabaci, the vector of CVYV, is abundant are required to better estimate the prevalence of this virus in cucurbit crops in Iran. References: (1) S. Cohen and F. E. Nitzany. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 1:44, 1960 (2) H. Lecoq et al. J. Gen. Virol. 81:2289, 2000.

scholarly journals First Report of Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus Infecting Watermelon in Saudi Arabia

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1451-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Al-Saleh ◽  
M. H. Ahmad ◽  
I. M. Al-Shahwan ◽  
J. K. Brown ◽  
A. M. Idris
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Rolling Circle Amplification ◽  
Bipartite Begomovirus ◽  
High Sequence Identity ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
First Report ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Watermelon Chlorotic Stunt Virus

In the Saudi Arabian deserts, watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)] is cultivated in the lowlands and wadis (washes) where water accumulates following rainfall, and where heat, salt, and drought stress are common constraints on production. During the spring of 2014, watermelon leaves exhibited yellowing and severe chlorotic mottling symptoms. The foliar symptoms were reminiscent of Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV), a bipartite begomovirus previously reported in several neighboring countries (1,3). Ten samples were collected from three farms in the Leith region, where 100% of the watermelon plants were symptomatic. Total nucleic acids were extracted from the symptomatic watermelon plants and were subjected to PCR using WmCSV DNA-A specific primers designed based on a complete genome sequence (GenBank Accession No. AJ012081), WmCSVF-3′-CGTGCTGTTGCCCCCACTGT-5′ and WmCSVR-3′-CCTGCATATCTCGTGCCAGAATC-5′ to obtain an expected size fragment of 1,111 bp located between the nucleotide (nt) coordinates 400-1510. The amplicons (one per sample) were cloned, and the DNA sequence was determined for each and used to search the NCBI database. The top hits for sequences obtained from all 10 samples were to WmSCV sequences, with shared nt identity values of 97 to 98%. To clone the full-length begomoviral DNA-A and DNA-B components, nucleic acids were subjected to rolling circle amplification (RCA) (2). The RCA products were cloned into the pGEM7 plasmid vector using the unique restriction sites, identified as HindIII for DNA-A, and as EcoRI for DNA-B, respectively. Ten DNA-A clones and two DNA-B component clones were sequenced. The DNA-A components ranged in size from 2,751 (KM066100) to 2,752 bp (KJ939448), whereas the DNA-B components were 2,757 bp in size (KJ939447). Analysis of the viral sequences from the DNA-A clones indicated they had the characteristics of a typical genome of a begomovirus DNA-A component that consist of a hairpin stem-loop structure in the intergenic region, two tandem copies of the iteron (TGGAGAC) located between the nt coordinates 2675 and 2680, 2682 and 2688 predicted to be involved in Rep binding, and six predicted genes encoding proteins with high sequence identity to those encoded by other WmCSV isolates. The 10 DNA-A component sequences were aligned with sequences for previously described WmCSV isolates available in GenBank using Muscle, followed by pairwise comparisons using SDT software (4). The analysis revealed that the cloned DNA-A components shared 99 to 100% nt sequence identity with each other, and 97 to 98% nt identity with WmCSV isolates reported from Yemen (AJ012081), Jordan (EU561237), Iran (AJ245652), and Sudan (AJ245650). Further, the WmCSV DNA-B from Saudi Arabia shared the highest nt identity with sequences from Yemen (AJ012082) at 96%, Iran (AJ245653) at 95%, and only 94% with DNA-B from both Sudan (AJ245651) and Jordan (EU561236). To our knowledge, this is the first report of WmCSV in Saudi Arabia. WmCSV poses a serious threat to the production of this highly valued crop in Saudi Arabia and considerably reduces crop yield (1). References: (1) I. D. Bedford et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 100:243, 1994. (2) A. Idris et al. Plant Dis. 97:910, 2007. (3) A. Kheyr-Pour et al. Phytopathology 90:629, 2000. (4) B. Muhire et al. Arch. Virol. 158:1411, 2013.

scholarly journals First Report of Chickpea Chlorotic Dwarf Virus Infecting Spring Chickpea in Syria

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Kumari ◽  
K. M. Makkouk ◽  
N. Attar ◽  
W. Ghulam ◽  
D.-E. Lesemann
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
First Report ◽  
Beet Western Yellows Virus

During May 2003, a high incidence of symptoms suggestive of virus infection in spring chickpea were observed in many fields in Al-Ghab Valley, Syria, the ICARDA farm (near Aleppo, Syria), as well as in other locations in northern Syria, including the Idleb governorate. Symptoms observed were yellowing, stunting, and necrosis. A total of 1,345 chickpea samples with these symptoms (331 from Al-Ghab Valley, 269 from the ICARDA farm, and 745 from the Idleb governorate) were collected and tested for the presence of five viruses with tissue-blot immunoassay (TBIA) (4) at the Virology Laboratory of ICARDA, using the following antisera: monoclonal antibodies for Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV, genus Nanovirus) (1); Bean leafroll virus (BLRV, family Luteoviridae) (4B10) (3); Beet western yellows virus (BWYV, genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae [ATCC PVAS-647, American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA]); and Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV, family Luteoviridae, [ATCC PVAS-650]) and polyclonal antibodies for Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV, genus Mastrevirus, family Geminiviridae, provided by H. J. Vetten, BBA, Braunschweig, Germany). The most common virus present was BWYV (detected in 54.1% of samples tested), followed by CpCDV (19.2%), BLRV (10.2%), and FBNYV (5.5%). SbDV was not detected in any of the samples tested. Using immunosorbent electron microscopy, infected chickpea samples revealed low numbers of geminivirus-like particles after 15 min of incubation on CpCDV antiserum-coated grids. When CpCDV was purified from infected chickpea plants, the virus coat protein was 32 kDa with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis typical of CpCDV coat protein (2) and reacted strongly with CpCDV antiserum in western blots. The CpCDV vector in Syria was found to be Orosius albicinctus Distant, and is thought to be similar to Orosius orientalis (Matsumura), the reported vector of CpCDV (2). FBNYV, BWYV, and BLRV infection of chickpea have been previously reported from Syria, but to our knowledge, this is the first report of CpCDV infecting chickpea in Syria. References: (1) A. Franz et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 128:255, 1996. (2) N. M. Horn et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 122:467, 1993. (3) L. Katul. Characterization by serology and molecular biology of bean leaf roll virus and faba bean necrotic yellows virus. Ph.D. thesis. University of Gottingen, Germany, 1992. (4) K. M. Makkouk and A. Comeau. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 100:71, 1994.

scholarly journals First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus in Desert Rose in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Chen ◽  
Y. S. Chang ◽  
Y. W. Lin ◽  
M. Y. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
First Report ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Line Patterns

Desert rose (Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult, family Apocynaceae) is native to southeastern Africa, and is a perennial potted ornamental with colorful flowers that are popular in Taiwan. Symptoms of mosaic and chlorotic ringspots and line patterns on leaves were observed in July 2010, on all eight plants in a private garden in Potzu, Chiayi, Taiwan. Spherical virus particles with a diameter of approximately 28 nm were observed in crude sap prepared from symptomatic leaves. Virus culture was established by successive local lesion isolation in Chenopodium quinoa and was maintained in the systemic host Nicotiana tabacum van Hicks. The virus was mechanically transmissible to indicator plants and induced symptoms similar to those incited by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Observed symptoms included local lesions on inoculated leaves of C. amaranticolor and systemic mosaic in Cucumis sativus, Lycopersicon esculentum, N. benthamiana, N. glutinosa, and N. rustica. On N. tabacum, necrotic ringspots developed on inoculated leaves followed by systemic mosaic. Serological tests using ELISA assays and western blotting indicated that the virus reacted positively to a rabbit antiserum prepared to CMV (4). Amplicons of an expected size (1.1 kb) were obtained in reverse transcription-PCR with primers specific to the 3′-half of CMV RNA 3 (3) using total RNA extracted from infected desert rose and N. tabacum. The amplified cDNA fragment was cloned and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. AB667971). Nucleotide sequences of the coat protein open reading frame (CP ORF) (657 nt) had 92 to 96% and 76 to 77% sequence identity to those of CMV in subgroups I (GenBank Accession Nos. NC_001440, D00385, M57602, D28780, and AB008777) and II (GenBank Accession Nos. L15336, AF127976, AF198103, and M21464), respectively. Desert roses infected by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (1) and CMV (2) have been reported previously. In spite of the plants showing mosaic symptoms similar to that caused by CMV (2) and chlorotic ringspots and line patterns caused by TSWV (1), only CMV was detected in and isolated from these infected desert roses. However, the possibility of mixed infection of CMV and other viruses were not excluded in this research. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV infection in desert rose plants occurring in Taiwan. References: (1) S. Adkins and C. A. Baker. Plant Dis. 89:526, 2005. (2) C. A. Baker et al. Plant Dis. 87:1007, 2003. (3) Y. K. Chen et al. Arch. Virol. 146:1631, 2001. (4) Y. K. Chen and C. C. Yang. Plant Dis. 89:529, 2005.

scholarly journals First Report of Impatiens Downy Mildew Outbreaks Caused by Plasmopara obducens Throughout the Hawai'ian Islands

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 696-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Crouch ◽  
M. P. Ko ◽  
J. M. McKemy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
The United States ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Voucher Specimen ◽  
First Report ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Impatiens Walleriana

Downy mildew of impatiens (Impatiens walleriana Hook.f.) was first reported from the continental United States in 2004. In 2011 to 2012, severe and widespread outbreaks were documented across the United States mainland, resulting in considerable economic losses. On May 5, 2013, downy mildew disease symptoms were observed from I. walleriana ‘Super Elfin’ at a retail nursery in Mililani, on the Hawai'ian island of Oahu. Throughout May and June 2013, additional sightings of the disease were documented from the islands of Oahu, Kauai, Maui, and Hawai'i from nurseries, home gardens, and botanical park and landscape plantings. Symptoms of infected plants initially showed downward leaf curl, followed by a stippled chlorotic appearance on the adaxial leaf surfaces. Abaxial leaf surfaces were covered with a layer of white mycelia. Affected plants exhibited defoliation, flower drop, and stem rot as the disease progressed. Based on morphological and molecular data, the organism was identified as Plasmopara obducens (J. Schröt.) J. Schröt. Microscopic observation disclosed coenocytic mycelium and hyaline, thin-walled, tree-like (monopodial branches), straight, 94.0 to 300.0 × 3.2 to 10.8 μm sporangiophores. Ovoid, hyaline sporangia measuring 11.0 to 14.6 × 12.2 to 16.2 (average 13.2 × 14.7) μm were borne on sterigma tips of rigid branchlets (8.0 to 15.0 μm) at right angle to the main axis of the sporangiophores (1,3). Molecular identification of the pathogen was conducted by removing hyphae from the surface of three heavily infected leaves using sterile tweezers, then extracting DNA using the QIAGEN Plant DNA kit (QIAGEN, Gaithersburg, MD). The nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer was sequenced from each of the three samples bidirectionally from Illustra EXOStar (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ) purified amplicon generated from primers ITS1-O and LR-0R (4). Resultant sequences (GenBank KF366378 to 80) shared 99 to 100% nucleotide identity with P. obducens accession DQ665666 (4). A voucher specimen (BPI892676) was deposited in the U.S. National Fungus Collections, Beltsville, MD. Pathogenicity tests were performed by spraying 6-week-old impatiens plants (I. walleriana var. Super Elfin) grown singly in 4-inch pots with a suspension of 1 × 104 P. obducens sporangia/ml until runoff using a handheld atomizer. Control plants were sprayed with distilled water. The plants were kept in high humidity by covering with black plastic bags for 48 h at 20°C, and then maintained in the greenhouse (night/day temperature of 20/24°C). The first symptoms (downward curling and chlorotic stippling of leaves) and sporulation of the pathogen on under-leaf surfaces of the inoculated plants appeared at 10 days and 21 days after inoculation, respectively. Control plants remained healthy. Morphological features and measurements matched those of the original inoculum, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of downy mildew on I. walleriana in Hawai'i (2). The disease appears to be widespread throughout the islands and is likely to cause considerable losses in Hawai'ian landscapes and production settings. References: (1) O. Constantinescu. Mycologia 83:473, 1991. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ July 16, 2013. (3) P. A. Saccardo. Syllogue Fungorum 7:242, 1888. (4) M. Thines. Fungal Genet Biol 44:199, 2007.

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