scholarly journals Bioassay Conditions for Infection of Pinus radiata Seedlings with Phytophthora pinifolia Zoospores

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 1204-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy L. Widmer ◽  
Stephen C. Dodge
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
The United States ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Monterey Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Rate Information ◽  
Chamber Temperature

Phytophthora pinifolia is known to cause a devastating disease on Monterey pine in Chile. Although this pathogen is not yet present in the United States, there is reason for concern. The main source of Monterey pine genetic material is found in California and there is potential for other important tree species to be hosts. The study presented here was conducted to develop a method to produce zoospores and determine optimal conditions for infection to be used in future host range studies. Abundant zoospores were produced when agar plugs containing P. pinifolia mycelia were ground into suspension prior to transfer in a solution of carrot broth. These zoospores then were used to inoculate Monterey pine seedlings under various conditions. Infected plants displayed necrotic crowns and stems, often resulting in wilting of the seedling. Consistent infection occurred when seedlings were wounded by trimming needles prior to inoculation and exposure of inoculated seedlings to constant dew for 5 days. Dew chamber temperature (15, 20, or 25°C) did not affect the infection rate. Information obtained from this study will be useful in screening other hosts for susceptibility to P. pinifolia infection.

scholarly journals Infection of Select Pinaceae and Cupressaceae Seedlings to Phytophthora pinifolia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Timothy L. Widmer ◽  
Stephen C. Dodge
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Monterey Pine

Phytophthora pinifolia caused a devastating disease on Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) in Chile. This pathogen has not been reported in the United States, but there is concern should it arrive. There is little information regarding other hosts besides Monterey pine that may be susceptible to this pathogen. In the present study, other potential hosts within the Pinaceae and Cupressaceae were inoculated with zoospores of P. pinifolia and observed for symptoms and infection after 4 weeks. Similar to Monterey pine, knobcone (Pinus attenuata), bishop (P. muricata), and ponderosa (P. ponderosa) pines were highly infectious, whereas several important species such as loblolly pine (P. taeda) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) showed no infection. P. pinifolia was also not recovered from slash (Pinus elliottii) and eastern white (P. strobus) pines. This study is important because it demonstrates other economically important tree hosts are at risk by P. pinifolia, should it enter the United States.

Blasian Invasion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myra S. Washington
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Ancestry ◽  
Dominant Discourses

This book examines the racialization of Blasians – mixed race people with Black and Asian ancestry – that neither sees them as new or unique, nor as a racial salve to move the United States past the problem of the colour line. The emergence of Blasian celebrities and the analyses of these stars acknowledges that to understand what and who is a Blasian means to first understand hegemonic notions of both Blacks and Asian/Americans. Contextualized against those dominant discourses Blasians explode the narrow boundaries of authenticity around racialized categories. Multiracial people are just as capable as monoracial people of upholding hierarchies of identity, as well as dismantling those hierarchies. Thus, in this book Blasians do not escape race, or erase race, but they do deconstruct normative instantiations of identity. The presence, mobility, and utility of these multiracial celebrities within both U.S. and global racial schemas simultaneously realize and complicate potential alternatives to racial and racist paradigms. These mixed race stars draw attention to how risible and absurd the biological and cultural premises for racialization truly are, and demonstrate potential alternatives for affiliation that do not rely on genetic material.

scholarly journals First Record ofPyramica epinotalis(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Chen ◽  
Joe A. MacGown ◽  
Benjamin J. Adams ◽  
Katherine A. Parys ◽  
Rachel M. Strecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Additional Specimen ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Floating Vegetation ◽  
Made In

Pyramica epinotalisis an arboreal dacetine ant previously known only from Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and southern Mexico. Here we report the first records ofP. epinotalisfor the United States. Collections were made in three parishes across southern Louisiana in cypress-tupelo swamps using floating pitfall traps placed in floating vegetation and arboreal pitfall traps placed on trunks and limbs of three wetland tree species. One additional specimen of this species was collected in Highlands County, Florida. Based on collections of specimens in Louisiana, including multiple dealate females at different localities,P. epinotalisappears to be well established in this state. We discuss the design and implementation of modified arboreal pitfall traps that were instrumental in this discovery.

scholarly journals Potential Alternative Tree Species as Substrates for Forest Farming of Log-grown Shiitake Mushrooms in the Southeastern United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-744
Author(s):  
Gregory E. Frey ◽  
Tarik Durmus ◽  
Erin O. Sills ◽  
Fikret Isik ◽  
Marcus M. Comer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Returns ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Shiitake Mushrooms ◽  
Potential Alternative

Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) is an edible mushroom-producing fungus. “Natural log-grown” shiitake mushrooms are favored by consumers and are often produced by small farmers and hobbyists in the United States. The tree species most often recommended as a substrate for shiitake is white oak (Quercus alba), which has many other economic uses. We tested two strains of shiitake in log substrates of three common, low-value tree species in the southeastern United States to identify potential alternatives to white oak. We found that sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) was a good substitute for white oak, both in terms of mushroom production and financial returns. Red maple (Acer rubrum) had less potential, with lower production and marginal financial returns, and ailanthus (Ailanthus altissima) was not a suitable alternative substrate. Of the two shiitake strains tested, a commercially available strain performed better than a naturalized strain that was isolated from an uninoculated log. Further research is needed to identify other potential alternative substrates and production techniques in the southeastern United States and other regions.

scholarly journals The Effects of Heat Stress on Photosynthesis of Coreopsis grandiflora `Sunray' and Gaillardia ×grandiflora `Goblin'

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 551B-551a
Author(s):  
Melyssa K. Davis ◽  
Jeff S. Kuehny
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Herbaceous perennials are one of the fastest growing ornamental sectors in the United States. Current production recommendations do not address the effect of environmental factors, such as high temperature, on growth of herbaceous perennials. The focus of this research was to determine how supra-optimal temperatures effect growth and photosynthesis. Plants were exposed to a high temperature of 35 °C and photosynthesis measurements were recorded over a 6-week period at 1100, 1300, and 1500 hr. Results indicate that the time of day the measurements were taken made little difference on rate of photosynthesis and that there was a similar trend in photosynthetic rate over the 6-week period. Photosynthesis decreased as the plants began to flower and then increased until the onset of flower senescence. Plants grown at supraoptimal and optimal conditions had a similar trend and rate of photosynthesis throughout the 6-week period. Plant growth significantly decreased as the duration of high temperature increased for both species; however, Gaillardia was more heat tolerant then Coreopsis.

scholarly journals Assessment of FTA card employment for Pasteurella multocida DNA transport and detection of virulence-associated genes in strains isolated from fowl cholera in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1855-1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.N. Almeida ◽  
T.Q. Furian ◽  
K.A. Borges ◽  
G. Perdoncini ◽  
M.J. Mauel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Dna Transport ◽  
Fowl Cholera ◽  
Fta Cards

ABSTRACT Fowl Cholera (FC) is a disease caused by Pasteurella multocida. The severity of this disease is partly caused by virulence factors. Genes encoding fimbriae, capsule, sialidases and proteins for iron metabolism may be related to P. multocida’s ability to infect the host. Besides to examining DNA for the presence of virulence genes, DNA is essential for the diagnostic and FTA cards are an alternative for genetic material transport. The study aims to evaluate the viability of P. multocida DNA transport using the cards and to detect 14 virulence genes in 27 strains isolated from FC cases in the United States by multiplex-PCR. No growth was observed in any of the FTA cards, which was essential to assess the security. Furthermore, DNA detection was possible in 100% of the samples, independent of the storage period (7 to 35 days) and temperature (4°C and 37°C). ptfA, exbd-tonB, hgbA, nanB, oma87, hyaD-hyaC, sodC, hgbB, sodA, nanH and pfhA genes were detected in more than 80% of the samples. FTA cards have proven to be a viable and safe tool for DNA transport of P. multocida. A majority of genes showed a high frequency, which was similar to strains isolated from FC cases.

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