scholarly journals First Report of Citrus exocortis viroid from Grapevine in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1071-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Shu ◽  
G. P. Wang ◽  
W. X. Xu ◽  
N. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Random Primer ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
First Report ◽  
Citrus Exocortis Viroid ◽  
Target Dna ◽  
The World

Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) can induce bark scaling, dwarfing, leaf epinasty, and fruit yield loss in susceptible hosts. In citrus, CEVd is reported from around the world, but in grape, it is reported from fewer locations (Australia, Brazil, California, and Spain [1]). In 2009, leaves were collected from 40 grapevines (of several different cultivars and species) from Henan, Hubei, Shandong, and Liaoning provinces, China. Total RNA or double-stranded RNA was extracted from the leaves by a described method (3) and subjected to reverse transcription with a random primer (Takara, Dalian, China) and then PCR with primer CEV-AM3 and CEV-AP3 (2). Results showed that the target DNA fragments of 372 bp long were amplified only from the symptomless leaves collected from two grapevines of cv. White Rose grown for approximately 26 years within a small garden in Hubei Province. Amplified products were recovered and cloned into pMD18-T (Takara) and 10 positive clones of each isolate were sequenced and aligned. For both isolates, 20% of the clones represented the same variant (CEVd-hn-g-1; GenBank Accession No. GU592444). It showed a max identity of 94 to 99% with the variants (GenBank Accession Nos. Y00328.1 and DQ471996.1) from grape registered in NCBI, 91 to 100% (GenBank Accession Nos. DQ431993.1 and DQ831485.1) from citrus, 91 to 98% (GenBank Accession Nos. EF488068.1 and EF488050.1) from broad bean, and 89 to 94% (GenBank Accession Nos. AY671953.1 and S67446.1) from tomato. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CEVd from grape in China. References: (1) M. Eiras et al. Fitopatol. Bras. 31:440, 2006. (2) H. J. Gross et al. Eur. J. Biochem. 121:249, 1982. (3) W. X. Xu et al. J. Virol. Methods 135:276, 2006.

scholarly journals First Report of Tomato chlorosis virus in Potato in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. S. Freitas ◽  
I. Nardin ◽  
N. Shimoyama ◽  
J. A. C. Souza-Dias ◽  
J. A. M. Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
First Report ◽  
Interveinal Chlorosis ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
The World ◽  
Tomato Chlorosis Virus ◽  
Biotype B

Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum cv. Ágata) exhibiting symptoms of leaf roll and interveinal chlorosis, especially on older leaves, were found in a commercial crop in the County of Cristalina, State of Goiás, Brazil in June 2011. The crop was severely infested by whitefly Bemisia tabaci biotype B. Four potato tubers from symptomatic plants were indexed for the presence of the following viruses: Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV), and Potato virus Y (PVY). Total RNA was extracted separately from each tuber and used for reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using the HS-11/HS-12 primer pair, which amplifies a fragment of 587 bp from the highly conserved region of the heat shock protein (HSP-70) homolog gene reported for ToCV. The RT-PCR product was subsequently tested by nested-PCR for detection of ToCV with specific primers ToC-5/ToC-6 (2). Amplicons of 463 bp, amplified from total RNA separately extracted from three tubers, were purified and directly sequenced. Comparisons among the three consensus sequences of 448 bp (GenBank Accession Nos. JQ288896, JQ288897, and JQ288898) revealed respectively, 98, 100, and 100% identity with the reported sequence of a tomato isolate of ToCV from Brazil (GenBank Accession No. EU868927) (1). For ToSRV detection, total DNA was extracted from two tubers and a fragment of approximately 820 bp was amplified by PCR with specific primers (3). PLRV and PVY were indexed in two and three tubers, respectively, by double-antibody sandwich-ELISA (SASA, Edinburg, Scotland). Virus-free B. tabaci biotype B were separately transferred to potato and tomato leaves infected with ToCV for an acquisition access period of 24 h. Groups of 30 viruliferous whitefly were transferred to four, young, sprout-grown potato plants cv. Ágata (two plants per virus isolate) for 24-h inoculation access period. After 37 days of inoculation, one plant inoculated with the potato and tomato isolates of ToCV, respectively exhibited symptoms of leaf roll and interveinal chlorosis on order leaves, which were similar to that induced by PLRV. Experimental infection of potato plants with ToCV, which induced leaf roll symptoms resembling PLRV infection, was reported in the United States by Wisler et al. (4). The potato isolate of ToCV was also transmitted by B. tabaci to one of two inoculated tomato plants. The presence of ToCV in all inoculated plants was detected by nested-RT-PCR as described above. To our knowledge, this is the first report on detection of ToCV in field potato plants in the world. Considering that ToCV occurs in innumerous countries around the world, it is transmitted by a cosmopolitan insect, and it induces symptoms similar to PLRV, this finding triggers an alert to field dependent seed-potato multiplication, virus inspector, and certification system. References: (1) J. C. Barbosa et al. Plant Dis. 92:1709, 2008. (2) C. I. Dovas et al. Plant Dis. 86:1345, 2002. (3) F. R. Fernandes et al. Trop. Plant Pathol. 35:43, 2010. (4) G. C. Wisler et al. Plant Dis. 82:270, 1998.

scholarly journals First Report of Broad bean wilt virus 2 in Leonurus sibiricus in Korea

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 1748-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-K. Seo ◽  
O. J. Shin ◽  
H.-R. Kwak ◽  
M.-K. Kim ◽  
H.-S. Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leonurus Sibiricus ◽  
Plant Pathol ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Broad Bean Wilt Virus ◽  
Test Plants

Leonurus sibiricus L. (family Lamiaceae) has been used as a traditional herbal remedy to treat various gynecologic diseases. Although it is a widely distributed subtropical weed in Southeast Asia, L. sibiricus have been commercially cultivated on a small scale in many geographic areas of Korea. In August 2012, field-grown L. sibiricus plants showing mosaic, yellowing, and stunting symptoms were collected near a pepper field in Andong, Korea. Since L. sibiricus is only consumed as a raw material of traditional medicine in Korea, symptomatic plants lose commercial value entirely. To identify the causal agent(s) of the virus-like symptoms, total RNA was extracted from the symptomatic leaves, and a transcriptome library was generated using the TruSeq Stranded Total RNA with Ribo-Zero plant kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA) according to the standard protocol. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed using an Illumina HiSeq2000 sequencer. De novo assembly of the quality filtered NGS reads (101-bp paired-end reads) were performed using the Trinity pipeline and the assembled contigs (92,329 contigs) were analyzed against the viral reference genome database in GenBank by BLASTn and BLASTx searches (3). The entire NGS procedure was performed by Macrogen Inc. (Seoul, South Korea). Among the analyzed contigs, only two large contigs were clearly of viral origin. Nucleotide blast searches showed that the first and second contigs (5,914 and 3,534 bp, respectively) have maximum identities of 91 and 95% to RNA1 of the isolate RP3 (GenBank Accession No. JX183225) and RNA2 of the isolate RP7 (JX183234) of Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV-2), which were isolated from pepper in Korea. The NGS results were confirmed by analyzing the sequences of the fragments covering the entire BBWV-2 genome amplified by RT-PCR using specific primers for BBWV-2 as described previously (1). To obtain the complete genome sequence, terminal sequences of both RNA segments were analyzed by the 5′ and 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method as described previously (1). The assembled full-length sequences of BBWV-2 RNA1 and RNA2 isolated from L. sibiricus were 5,951 and 3,575 nucleotides in length, respectively, and deposited in GenBank under the accessions KM076648 and KM076649, respectively. BBWV-2 belongs to the genus Fabavirus in the family Secoviridae and it is known to have a wide host range. To investigate the host range of the BBWV-2 isolated from L. sibiricus, sap from the symptomatic leaves of L. sibiricus was inoculated to the test plants including Nicotiana benthamiana, Capsicum annuum (red pepper), and C. annuum var. gulosum (Paprika). RT-PCR detection and sequencing of the amplicons showed that all the inoculated test plants were infected with the BBWV-2 isolated from L. sibiricus. Currently, BBWV-2 is epidemic in pepper fields in Korea (1,2). Because BBWV-2 is easily transmitted by various aphids, and L. sibiricus is widely distributed in both wild and cultivated fields in Korea, this host might serve as a potential source of BBWV-2 to other crops such as pepper. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of BBWV-2 in L. sibiricus. References: (1) H.-R. Kwak et al. Plant Pathol. J. 29:274, 2013. (2) H.-R. Kwak et al. Plant Pathol. J. 29:397, 2013. (3) S.-E. Schelhorn et al. PLoS Comput. Biol. 9:e1003228, 2013.

First report of Rinamba opacicollis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Doryctinae) in India as parasitoid of coffee stem borer, Xylotrechus quadripes (Chevrolat) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-314
Author(s):  
A. Roobakkumar ◽  
H.G. Seetharama ◽  
P. Krishna Reddy ◽  
M.S. Uma ◽  
A. P. Ranjith
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Control ◽  
Host Record ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
First Report ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

Rinamba opacicollis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was collected from Chikkamagaluru, Karnataka, India for the first time from the larvae of white stem borer, Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat infesting arabica coffee. Its role in the biological or integrated control of X. quadripes remains to be evaluated. White stem borer could be the first host record of this parasitoid all over the world.

scholarly journals First report on the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in the endangered Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Yang Huang ◽  
Jing-Zhi Gong ◽  
Yi-Jun Ren ◽  
Ming Pan ◽  
Wei-Min Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
First Report ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Zoonotic Parasite ◽  
The World ◽  
Père David’S Deer ◽  
Microscopy Examination ◽  
Elaphurus Davidianus

Abstract Background Fasciola hepatica is an important zoonotic parasite that causes fasciolosis in a broad range of animals. No information is available about the prevalence of F. hepatica in Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus), an endangered species in the world. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of fasciolosis in Père David’s deer in the Dafeng Elk National Natural Reserve, Jiangsu province, China. Results In this study, 142 fecal samples from Père David’s deer were analyzed for F. hepatica by microscopy and nest-PCR. Only one sample was positive for F. hepatica according to microscopy examination, while 18 of 142 (12.68, 95%CI: 2.841–22.45%) samples were positive for F. hepatica according to nest-PCR results. Conclusions This is the first report of prevalence of F. hepatica in Père David’s deer. The prevalence data indicated that F. hepatica was also present in this endangered animal, which may cause a potential threat to this precious species.

Aphelenchoides besseyi parasitizing cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciany Favoreto ◽  
Rafaela Bueno ◽  
Angélica Calandrelli ◽  
Patrícia Priscila França ◽  
Mauricio Conrado Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
First Report ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
The World ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Aphelenchoides Besseyi ◽  
Leaf Deformation

Several species of nematodes are known to cause losses to cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) throughout the world. In Brazil, Aphelenchoides besseyi was recently described causing damages on soybean, cotton, and common bean, but no report was found about the parasitism of this nematode in cowpea. The present study aimed to verify the host reaction of cowpea cultivars to A. besseyi. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions, using as inoculum two A. besseyi populations, obtained from symptomatic soybean and cotton plants collected in naturally infested fields. Cultivars ‘Imponente’, ‘Aracê’, ‘Guariba’, ‘Tumucumaque’, ‘Nova Era’, and ‘Tracuateua’ were inoculated with 500 A. besseyi of each population, separately, into soil and after 30 days from the inoculation nematodes were extracted from shoot systems. Both populations were able to parasitize all the cowpea cultivars. Independently of the cultivar, cowpea plants exhibited symptoms of leaf deformation similar to those described for soybean, cotton, and common bean and, in addition, severe brooming was observed and the interior of the stems was porous and necrotic. To our knowledge, this is the first report of parasitism by A. besseyi of cowpea in Brazil, under greenhouse conditions, increasing the list of hosts of this nematode.

scholarly journals First Report of Citrus Exocortis Viroid and Two Citrus Variants of the Hop Stunt Viroid on Lemon in Azerbaijan

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 2341-2341 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Tan ◽  
T. H. O. Talibov ◽  
R. R. Krueger ◽  
S. Bodaghi ◽  
T. Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Report ◽  
Stunt Viroid ◽  
Citrus Exocortis Viroid ◽  
Hop Stunt Viroid

scholarly journals Exposure of Domestic Cats to Distinct Ehrlichia canis TRP Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Ísis Assis Braga ◽  
Isis Indaiara Gonçalves Granjeiro Taques ◽  
Estefânia Crivelatti Grontoski ◽  
Ingrid Savino de Oliveira Dias ◽  
Nathalia Assis Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Test ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
First Report ◽  
The World ◽  
Fluorescence Antibody ◽  
Indirect Fluorescence Antibody

Cats naturally exposed to Ehrlichia canis have been described in different regions of the world, but little is known about the genotypes associated with infection in these animals. To detect E. canis-specific antibodies and investigate the E. canis TRP genotypes in cats, serum samples from 76 domestic cats reactive to crude E. canis antigens by the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) were analyzed by ELISA, using E. canis-specific peptides (i.e., TRP19 and TRP36 /BR/US/CR). Of these, 25 (32.9%) cats reacted to at least one TRP peptide, confirming their specific exposure to E. canis. Eighteen (23.7%) cats reacted to TRP19, 15 (19.8%) to BRTRP36, and 11 (14.5%) to USTRP36, but none of them reacted to CRTRP36. Eight (10.5%) cats reacted to TRP19 but not to any TRP36 genotype, demonstrating the possible existence of a new E. canis genotype infecting felines. Nevertheless, this study provides the first report of anti-E. canis-specific antibodies in domestic cats.

High microRNA-28-5p expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma predicts short-term relapse of node-negative patients and poor overall survival of patients with non-metastatic disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 990-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Tsiakanikas ◽  
Christos K. Kontos ◽  
Dimitrios Kerimis ◽  
Iordanis N. Papadopoulos ◽  
Andreas Scorilas
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Colorectal Tumors ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Total Rna

Abstract Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may function either as oncogenes or tumor suppressors and are heavily involved in the initiation and progression of cancer, and in metastasis of tumor cells. MicroRNA-28-5p (miR-28-5p) targets several cancer-related genes and is hence involved in cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In this study, we investigated the potential diagnostic and prognostic significance of miR-28-5p expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma, the most frequent type of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Therefore, we isolated total RNA from 182 colorectal adenocarcinoma specimens and 86 paired non-cancerous colorectal mucosae. After polyadenylation of 2 μg total RNA and its reverse transcription using an oligo-dT-adapter primer, we quantified miR-28-5p levels using an in-house-developed reverse-transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method, based on the SYBR Green chemistry. Results: Comparison of miR-28-5p levels among 86 pairs of colorectal tumors and their adjacent non-cancerous mucosae uncovered the downregulation of miR-28-5p expression in the majority of malignant colorectal tumors. More importantly, high miR-28-5p expression predicts poor disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of colorectal adenocarcinoma patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that miR-28-5p overexpression is a significant predictor of poor prognosis in colorectal adenocarcinoma, independent of tumor size, histological grade, TNM staging, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Interestingly, strong miR-28-5p expression retains its predictive potential regarding relapse among patients with negative regional lymph nodes, and predicts poor OS in patients diagnosed with non-metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: High miR-28-5p expression predicts poor DFS and OS of colorectal adenocarcinoma patients, independently of clinicopathological prognosticators and standard patient treatment, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

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