scholarly journals Effect of Tillage Practices on Vertical Distribution of Phytophthora sojae

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1258-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Workneh ◽  
X. B. Yang ◽  
G. L. Tylka
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
State University ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
Significant Difference

The vertical distribution of Phytophthora sojae was investigated in soil samples collected in the spring of 1994 from soybean fields at 62 locations in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Minnesota. In the fall of 1995, soil samples were collected from 18 additional locations in Illinois and Iowa. Each location consisted of a pair of no-till and conventional-till fields, and soil samples were collected from arbitrarily selected locations in each field at 0- to 7.5-cm and 7.5- to 15-cm depths. Separate intensive sampling was made in the spring of 1995 from two pairs of adjacent no-till and conventional-till fields at the Iowa State University Northeast Research Farm, in which samples were collected from 0- to 30-cm depth in increments of 5 cm. Samples were assayed for P. sojae with the use of a leaf-disk bioassay. In the 1994 regional samples, there was greater recovery of P. sojae (P ≤ 0.05) at 0- to 7.5-cm depth in the no-till samples than in the conventional-till samples for all states except Minnesota. The fall 1995 samples from Illinois followed a similar trend (P = 0.05); whereas samples from Iowa showed no significant difference between tillage systems. At depths greater than 7.5 cm, there was generally no difference in detection frequency of P. sojae between tillage systems. Samples from the Northeast Research Farm followed patterns of vertical distribution similar to those of the regional samples. In no-till fields, the detection frequency of P. sojae was greatest near the soil surface; two to three times greater than that of the conventional-till fields at this depth. In the conventional-till fields, however, the frequency of recovery peaked at 20 cm and was comparable at these depths to those of no-till fields. There was a positive correlation between the percentage of leaf disks colonized and residue dry weights in the no-till fields (r = 0.84, P = 0.04; and r = 0.86, P = 0.03) but not in the conventional-till fields (r = -0.06, P = 0.90; and r = -0.60, P = 0.17). The recovery of P. sojae in greater frequency near the soil surface in no-till fields than in conventional-till fields suggests that the potential for damping-off may be greater in no-till fields than in conventional-till fields.

Effect of Tillage on Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) Emergence and Vertical Distribution of Seed in the Soil

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Refsell ◽  
R. G. Hartzler
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
No Till ◽  
Amaranthus Rudis ◽  
Soil Seedbank

Field studies were conducted in 2001 and 2002 to determine the effect of tillage on the emergence of common waterhemp from the soil seedbank. Emergence of common waterhemp was three times greater in no-till than chisel-till cultivation. Tillage did not affect the initial time of emergence; however, the time to 50% emergence was longer in no-till than chisel till. Duration of emergence did not differ among tillage systems. Common waterhemp seed was concentrated near the soil surface in no-till plots, whereas seed in the chisel-till plots were primarily found between 9 and 15 cm. The delayed and increased emergence in no-till cultivation may contribute to the greater problems in managing common waterhemp in no-till plots compared with plots where tillage is used.

scholarly journals Presence and Health Risks of Obsolete and Emerging Pesticides in Paddy Rice and Soil from Thailand and China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3786
Author(s):  
Naranun Khammanee ◽  
Yanling Qiu ◽  
Nipapun Kungskulniti ◽  
Anders Bignert ◽  
Yuan Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
Significant Difference

Organochlorine (OCPs) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) have been intensively applied in rice paddy field farming to control pest infestation and increase the yield. In this study, we investigated the presence of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in paddy rice and soil from rice plantations in Thailand and China. According to concentration and distribution of OCPs, the most abundant OCPs residues in rice and soil from Thailand and China were dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and hexachlorocyclohexanes. The OPPs of methidathion, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon were common to Thailand and China in both types of samples. The detection frequency of multiple types of these pesticides was greater than 50% of total samples. The relative concentration of some OPPs residues in rice and soil from Thailand and China were significantly different from each other (p < 0.0083), whereas, no significant difference was observed for the relative concentration of OCPs residues in rice and soil from both countries, except for HCHs (p < 0.05). Bioaccumulation factors of OCPs between rice and soil samples indicated that OCPs and OPPs in soil could accumulate in rice. The carcinogenic and non- carcinogenic risks of OCPs and OPPs seem to be in the safe range as recommended by the European Union.

scholarly journals Reduced Tillage Practices for the Southwestern US Peanut Production Region

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad B. Godsey ◽  
Jeffrey Vitale ◽  
Phil G. Mulder ◽  
Jon-Joseph Q. Armstrong ◽  
John P. Damicone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Ct System ◽  
Strip Tillage

Abstract Oklahoma growers have increased their adoption of strip tillage (strip-till) and no tillage (no-till) systems as a means of reducing production costs and conserving soil resources. An experiment was conducted over three years to study the effects of three tillage systems [(conventional till (CT), no-till (NT), and strip-till (ST)] on pod yield, peanut grade, pest pressure, and economic profitability. Insect, disease, and weed incidence were determined in each year of the study. Peanut yield and grade were determined by mechanically harvesting the plot. No consistent differences were detected between NT and CT in peanut grade or yield when tillage systems were combined across years. In addition, no consistent differences were observed in disease incidence and insect populations. Economic analysis indicated that the NT system saved $93 ha−1 and generated $179 ha−1 more revenue compared to the CT system. Reduced tillage practices, especially NT, seem to be a good fit for SW peanut production areas.

Influence of tillage type on vertical weed seedbank distribution in a sandy soil

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence J. Swanton ◽  
Anil Shrestha ◽  
Stevan Z. Knezevic ◽  
Robert C. Roy ◽  
Bonnie R. Ball-Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Seedling Emergence Method ◽  
Chisel Plow ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Moldboard Plow

The vertical distribution of weed seeds in the seedbank of a sandy soil under three tillage systems (moldboard plow, chisel plow, and no-till) was estimated by a seedling-emergence method. The vertical distribution of the weed seedbank differed with tillage type and depth of tillage. The no-till system had the largest portion (90%) of the seedbank in the 0- to 5-cm layer. Chisel plowing distributed most of the seeds (66%) in the 5- to 10-cm layer. Moldboard plowing concentrated 71% of the seeds at the 10- to 15-cm depth. Our results suggest that the vertical distribution of the weed seedbank will be influenced by tillage type, depth of tillage, and soil type. Key words: Soil structure, moldboard plow, chisel plow, no-till

GROWTH AND YIELD INDICES OF CASSAVA (MANIHOT UTILISSIMA) AND SOIL PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT TRADITIONAL TILLAGE PRACTICES IN A HUMID ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-367
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Chukudinife ENUJEKE ◽  
Collins EGBUCHUA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Cassava Plant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The study was conducted to assess the effects of traditional tillage practices namely No-till, Ridge-till and Mound-till, on cassava growth parameters and soil physico-chemical properties. It was a factorial experiment laid out in a randomised complete block design replicated 3-times. The factors were the 3-tillage methods and cassava plant as a test crop. Data collected on soil properties include the particle size distribution, soil bulk density, soil water content, hydraulic conductivity, soil pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable bases, while data collected on plant growth and yield indices include; plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, number of tubers, tuber length and weight of tubers. The data were collected at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months but cumulated at 12 months after planting. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and relationship between cassava tuber yield and some soil properties measured. Results of the study showed that there was no significant difference between Ridge and Mound-till. The Ridge-till and Mound-till systems significantly influenced plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, tuber weight and total yield of cassava than No-till system, hence were recommended of increased yield of cassava in the study area.

scholarly journals MODELING NO-TILL ADOPTION BY CORN AND SOYBEAN PRODUCERS: INSIGHTS INTO SUSTAINED ADOPTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
TARA WADE ◽  
ROGER CLAASSEN
Keyword(s):  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Private Benefits ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
No Till ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractNo-till acreage has increased in recent years, but many farmers alternate no-till with other tillage practices, limiting public and private benefits from sustained no-till adoption. Revealed preference data are used in an ordered logit regression analysis to determine the effect of soil characteristics, climate, regions, farm characteristics, and producer demographics on producers’ choices to use continuous tillage, alternate no-till systems with tillage systems, or continuously use no-till. The model provides insight into the characteristics and conditions that are conducive to each tillage regime. The attributes found to significantly affect continuous no-till use are erodibility classification, drainage, farm size, and climate.

Distribution and Survival of Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) Rhizome Buds

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudel Lemieux ◽  
Daniel C. Cloutier ◽  
Gilles D. Leroux
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
First Year ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rhizome Buds

An experiment was established at three sites to determine the longevity and distribution of rhizome buds of two quackgrass biotypes in the soil profile under two tillage systems (no-till or fall-plow). The experiments were established in May 1987 at sites initially free of quackgrass. Rhizome segments with three nodes were planted 2 to 5 cm deep to give an initial density of 21 buds m-2. Production of new buds was prevented in subsequent years. Rhizome bud populations were sampled every 6 mo between October 1987 and October 1989. Buds were produced until snow cover, indicating the need to control quackgrass until late fall to prevent a bud population increase. Under no-till conditions, 94% of quackgrass buds occurred in the top 10 cm of soil while 68 and 19% were found below 10 and 20 cm, respectively, in the fall-plow treatments. A control program against quackgrass should aim at keeping the majority of rhizomes in the top 10 cm in order to facilitate control by having most shoots emerging at the same time. There was no statistically significant difference in bud longevity between biotypes, sites, and tillage systems. Viability of the rhizome buds declined rapidly during the first year. In most cases it took 2 yr for the bud populations to reach extinction although 0.6% of buds of one biotype survived as long as 30 mo in one of the three sites. Therefore, a minimum of 2 yr of total control would be required to eradicate quackgrass from most locations.

scholarly journals Long and Midterm Effect of Conservation Agriculture on Soil Properties in Dry Areas of Morocco

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malika Laghrour ◽  
Rachid Moussadek ◽  
Rachid Mrabet ◽  
Rachid Dahan ◽  
Mohammed El-Mourid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Significant Difference

In Morocco, conservation agriculture, particularly no tillage systems, has become an alternative strategy to mitigate land degradation caused by conventional tillage in semiarid to arid regions. This paper is based on behaviour to tillage treatments of two Vertisols in Morocco. After 11 years of testing, soil organic matter content results showed a significant difference (P<0.05) only at soil surface (0–10 cm) in favour of no tillage and a variation of 30% at this depth. The results obtained after 32 years of testing showed a significant soil profile difference (P<0.05), up to 40 cm under no tillage compared to conventional tillage, and a variation of 54% at 5–10 cm. For total nitrogen, there was no significant effect between no tillage and conventional tillage at the soil surface after 11 years unlike the result obtained after 32 years. There are no significant differences in bulk density between tillage treatments at soil surface for both sites. The measurement of soil structural stability showed a significant effect (P<0.05) for all three tests and for both sites. This means that no tillage helped Vertisols to resist different climatic constraints, preserving environmental soil quality.

Effects of Tillage on the Efficacy and Persistence of Clomazone in Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Anthony Mills ◽  
William W. Witt ◽  
Michael Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail

Experiments were conducted in 1985 to 1987 to evaluate the effects of conventional and no-tillage systems on the weed control provided by clomazone applied preemergence in soybeans. The persistence of clomazone in soil of the two tillage systems was also determined. Increasing the clomazone rate from 0.8 to 1.4 kg/ha did not increase weed control. Clomazone controlled 80% or more of jimsonweed, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail. Common cocklebur control ranged from about 50 to 70% in no-till and from 80 to 90% in conventional tillage. Generally, soybean pods/plant and yields were lower from clomazone treatments than from handweeded treatments due to inadequate common cocklebur control. Over 40% of the clomazone applied did not reach the soil surface; it was either intercepted by wheat straw, volatilized, or both. Clomazone persisted longer in conventional tillage than in no-tillage in. However, in 1986, clomazone was equally persistent in the two tillage systems. The half-life of clomazone was 34 and 6 days in 1985 in conventional and no-tillage, respectively, and in 1986, 18 and 16 days in conventional and no-tillage, respectively. Significant clomazone concentrations were not found below 10 cm in the soil profile. Corn planted without tillage (no-till) approximately 1 yr after clomazone application was not injured and yields were not reduced due to prior clomazone use.

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