scholarly journals Reduced Tillage Practices for the Southwestern US Peanut Production Region

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad B. Godsey ◽  
Jeffrey Vitale ◽  
Phil G. Mulder ◽  
Jon-Joseph Q. Armstrong ◽  
John P. Damicone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Ct System ◽  
Strip Tillage

Abstract Oklahoma growers have increased their adoption of strip tillage (strip-till) and no tillage (no-till) systems as a means of reducing production costs and conserving soil resources. An experiment was conducted over three years to study the effects of three tillage systems [(conventional till (CT), no-till (NT), and strip-till (ST)] on pod yield, peanut grade, pest pressure, and economic profitability. Insect, disease, and weed incidence were determined in each year of the study. Peanut yield and grade were determined by mechanically harvesting the plot. No consistent differences were detected between NT and CT in peanut grade or yield when tillage systems were combined across years. In addition, no consistent differences were observed in disease incidence and insect populations. Economic analysis indicated that the NT system saved $93 ha−1 and generated $179 ha−1 more revenue compared to the CT system. Reduced tillage practices, especially NT, seem to be a good fit for SW peanut production areas.

Farm-level profitability analysis of alternative tillage systems on clay soils

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel K. Yiridoe ◽  
Tony J. Vyn ◽  
Alfons Weersink ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Clarence Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
No Till ◽  
Significant Difference

Crop yields, production costs, and net returns for seven alternative conservation tillage (including five reduced tillage and two no-till) treatments were compared with a conventional tillage (CT) treatment for a corn (Zea mays L.) – soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) rotation for two clay soils in southwestern Ontario. There was no significant difference in corn and soybean yields between the CT and the conservation tillage systems at either location, although actual yields tended to be highest for CT management. Tillage treatments that used a common set of machinery for corn and soybean production generated savings in annual machinery costs. Variable costs were lowest for the reduced-tillage treatments and highest for the two no-till treatments due to higher equipment expenditures and additional herbicide requirements. For a given location, there was often no significant difference in net returns between CT and the conservation tillage treatments, although average net returns for the corn–soybean cropping systems tended to be highest for CT and lowest for no-till. Key words: Net returns analysis, conservation tillage systems, clay soils, corn, soybeans

scholarly journals Performance of Lentil as Affected by Reduced Tillage and Mechanical Seeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
RU Zaman ◽  
MR Islam
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
Two Wheeler

Generally, lentil seeds are sown following the traditional farming practice with 3-4 numbers of ploughing combined with broadcasting method in lentil growing countries. This is time consuming and costly. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lentil performance as affected by different mechanical seeding system as well as seeding device. There were seven different treatments of which two tillage systems like i) broadcasting after4 times tillage (CT) and ii) broadcasting after tillage with two wheeler driven High Speed Rotary Tiller (HSRT), and five direct mechanical seeding systems like TT+BP =one tillage + bed planting seeding (BP+Pl), TBP =Direct bed planting seeding (BP), TPTOS =Two wheeler operated Seeder (PTOS), TST = Strip tillage seeding (ST) and TZ =Zero tillage seeding (Z). The experiment was carried out by a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. From the results it was revealed that yield was increased from0.56 % to 10.42% in mechanical seeding system than CT. The findings also demonstrated that BP increased yield of about 10.42% with 49.31% of lower fuel consumption which saved 48.1% time compared to CT. The HSRT gave numerically higher yield compare to ST than CT but lower than BP, BP+Pl and PTOS. Zero tillage seeding system gave the minimum seed yield compare to others which was 9.67% and 19% lower than that of CT and BP, respectively. In mechanical seeding systems, bed planting exhibited higher root volume and density compare to that of others, but lower to CT and HSRT. SAARC J. Agri., 18(1): 51-60 (2020)

scholarly journals Tillage and Chlorpyrifos Treatment Effects on Peanut Arthropods—An Incidence of Severe Burrower Bug Injury

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Chapin ◽  
J. S. Thomas ◽  
P. H. Joost
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Velvetbean Caterpillar ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Strip Tillage

Abstract A 2-yr study was conducted on the effects of tillage and soil insecticide (chlorpyrifos) treatment on peanut arthropod pests. A 3 by 2 split-plot experiment with five replications was subjected to factorial ANOVA. Main plot treatments consisted of three tillage systems: conventional moldboard plow, strip tillage into a killed wheat cover crop, and strip tillage into corn stubble residue. Subplot insecticide treatments were granular chlorpyrifos applied at early pegging (growth stage R2) and untreated. Populations of corn earworn, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and velevetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, were lower in strip tillage systems. Chlorpyrifos applications caused corn earworm outbreaks in all tillage systems, but these applications were more disruptive in strip tillage. Chlorpyrifos treatment also increased populations of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), but had no measurable effect on velvetbean caterpillar populations. Pod damage from lesser cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller), and wire-worms, Conoderus spp., was lower in strip tillage systems, and chlorpyrifos suppressed pod damage in all systems. Threecornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus (Say), damage to peanut was greater in the wheat residue strip tillage system. Chlorpyrifos treatment reduced threecornered alfalfa hopper damage in all systems. Spider mite injury was not affected by tillage, but chlorpyrifos treatments resulted in mite outbreaks in all tillage systems. Burrower bug, Pangaeus bilineatus Say, injury to peanut kernels was greater in the strip tillage systems in 1999; and burrower bug injury was suppressed in the strip tillage systems by chlorpyrifos treatment. There was a significant interaction effect for burrower bug injury between tillage and insecticide treatment. Incidence of tomato spotted wilt virus also was reduced by strip tillage. Use of an effective fungicide program and a 3-yr crop rotation out of peanut production probably obscured any potential tillage effects on fungal diseases (southern stem rot, Rhizoctonia limb rot, and leaf spot). However, chlorpyrifos treatment increased Rhizoctonia limb rot incidence. Weed populations were generally greater in strip tillage systems, but postemergence herbicides effectively eliminated any potential confounding effect on yield and grade. Yield was not affected by tillage in either year, and chlorpyrifos had no effect on yield in 1998. In 1999, however, chlorpyrifos increased yield in both strip tillage systems. Neither tillage nor insecticide treatment affected grade (percentage total mature kernels) in 1998, but in 1999 grade was highest in conventional tillage and grade was improved by chlorpyrifos treatment in strip tillage systems. Crop value losses of $249 and $388/ha were attributed to burrower bug injury in untreated corn and wheat residue strip tillage systems, respectively. This injury may have been an anomaly of drought conditions but, given the potential economic impact, burrower bug merits further study in conservation tillage peanut production.

Effectiveness of Herbicides and Tillage on Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) Control in Corn (Zea mays)

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Curran ◽  
Edward L. Werner ◽  
Nathan L. Hartwig
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
One Year ◽  
Better Than

Postemergence applications of nicosulfuron and primisulfuron were compared to preplant glyphosate and atrazine plus simazine for quackgrass control in reduced tillage and no-till corn. The level of quackgrass control was reduced by no-till practices. At 6 wk after planting, glyphosate and atrazine plus simazine were most effective in controlling quackgrass. Quackgrass biomass 12 wk after planting indicated that the performance of the herbicides were generally similar, although primisulfuron was less effective in no-till. One year after corn planting, levels of quackgrass control in the tilled plots were the same as or better than in the no-till treatments. Atrazine plus simazine was the most effective herbicide treatment over tillage systems, while primisulfuron was the least effective.

The Impact of Tillage Practices on Thrips Injury of Peanut in North Carolina and Virginia1

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Brandenburg ◽  
D. A. Herbert ◽  
G. A. Sullivan ◽  
G. C. Naderman ◽  
S. F. Wright
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Reduced tillage peanut production is gaining popularity and the impact of this practice on insect pests is not well understood. This study monitored thrips (Frankliniella fusca Hinds) damage and abundance on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in North Carolina and Virginia on peanuts grown under different tillage regimes from 1986-92. A general trend for less thrips damage in reduced tillage plots was consistent in all years except 1992 in North Carolina. In many instances, damage to plants in reduced tillage peanuts was significantly less than in a conventionally tilled system. The implications for future pest management strategies involving reduced pesticide use as well as research needs to meet these goals are discussed.

GROWTH AND NPK UPTAKE BY SOYBEAN CULTIVARS IN NORTHERN U.S.A. UNDER REDUCED TILLAGE SYSTEMS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. DEIBERT ◽  
R. A. UTTER
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Late Maturity

A field study was conducted during 1985–1987 on a Fargo clay soil to evaluate growth, and NPK content at beginning flowering, pod fill, and mature seed at harvest of an early- (McCall) and a late-maturity (Dawson) soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar as influenced by conventional (plow) or reduced (sweep, intertill, no-till) tillage systems and weed control methods. Excellent seed emergence was obtained on all tillage systems. Fall application of granular herbicide provided excellent weed control but herbicide plus cultivation caused reduced plant growth. Tillage system did not significantly affect plant and seed dry matter production. Yearly differences in dry matter production between early- and late-maturity cultivars depended on precipitation distribution. N and P uptake at pod fill was equal to seed uptake while K in the seed was one-half that measured at pod fill. Stratification of P and K in the surface soil profile of the reduced tillage systems was not detrimental and possibly enhanced early growth when root development was not extensive. Plants exhibited chlorosis on only the plow system under wet soil conditions indicating improved internal drainage under the reduced tillage systems. Interactions of climate with tillage system and cultivar maturity were more pronounced in this soybean study than previously reported which may be related to the cool, dry northern area.Key words: Soybean, no-till, zero-till, weed control, plant nutrients, cultivars, soil nutrient stratification

scholarly journals SEQUENTIAL CROPPING IN VEGETABLE AND TOBACCO PRODUCTION SYSTEMS UNDER VARIOUS TILLAGES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1172b-1172
Author(s):  
William Terry Kelley ◽  
David L. Coffey
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Production Yield ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
No Till ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Sequential Cropping ◽  
Plot Design

Three cropping sequences and three tillage systems were evaluated under reduced tillage. Sequences were spring `Packman' broccoli followed by `Sunny' tomatoes or 'm.s. Ky 14 × L8 tobacco, spring broccoli/tomatoes or tobacco/fall broccoli, and tomatoes or tobacco/fall broccoli. Each sequence was grown conventionally tilled/no winter cover, conventionally tilled/wheat winter cover and no-till transplanted directly into killed wheat. The study was conducted at Knoxville, (elev. 251m), Greeneville, (elev. 400m) and Crossville, (elev. 549m) during 1989 and 1990. Experiments were arranged in a strip-plot design with sequences stripped across tillages. No. 1 tomato yield was reduced in no-till at Greeneville (1989). Percentage of No. 1 tomatoes was not affected by tillage but the tomato-broccoli system produced a greater percentage at Greeneville (1990). Broccoli head size and subsequent yield was generally greater in conventionally tilled plots. Sequence generally had little affect on broccoli production. Yield and revenue of tobacco were generally lower in no-till treatments. Broccoli/tobacco sequences generally had the highest yield but varied by location. No-till produced lower quality tobacco both years at Knoxville but not at Greeneville.

scholarly journals Emergence dynamics of barnyardgrass and jimsonweed from two depths when switching from conventional to reduced and no-till conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e1002
Author(s):  
Vasileios Vasileiadis ◽  
Robert J. Froud-Williams ◽  
Donato Loddo ◽  
Ilias G. Eleftherohorinos
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Disturbance Interaction

<p>A cylinder experiment was conducted in northern Greece during 2005 and 2006 to assess emergence dynamics of barnyardgrass (<em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em> (L.) Beauv.) and jimsonweed (<em>Datura stramonium </em>L.) in the case of a switch from conventional to conservation tillage systems (CT). Emergence was surveyed from two burial depths (5 and 10 cm) and with simulation of reduced tillage (<em>i.e.</em> by soil disturbance) and no-till conditions. Barnyardgrass emergence was significantly affected by burial depth, having greater emergence from 5 cm depth (96%) although even 78% of seedlings emerged from 10 cm depth after the two years of study. Emergence of barnyardgrass was stable across years from the different depths and tillage regimes. Jimsonweed<em> </em>seeds showed lower germination than barnyardgrass during the study period, whereas its emergence was significantly affected by soil disturbance having 41% compared to 28% without disturbance. A burial depth x soil disturbance interaction was also determined,<em> </em>which showed higher emergence from 10 cm depth with soil disturbance. Jimsonweed was found to have significantly higher emergence from 10 cm depth with soil disturbance in Year 2. Seasonal emergence timing of barnyardgrass did not vary between the different burial depth and soil disturbance regimes, as it started in April and lasted until end of May in both years. Jimsonweed<em> </em>showed a bimodal pattern, with first emergence starting end of April until mid-May and the second ranging from mid-June to mid-August from 10 cm burial depth and from mid-July to mid-August from 5 cm depth, irrespective of soil disturbance in both cases.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Tillage Practices on Vertical Distribution of Phytophthora sojae

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1258-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Workneh ◽  
X. B. Yang ◽  
G. L. Tylka
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
State University ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
Significant Difference

The vertical distribution of Phytophthora sojae was investigated in soil samples collected in the spring of 1994 from soybean fields at 62 locations in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Minnesota. In the fall of 1995, soil samples were collected from 18 additional locations in Illinois and Iowa. Each location consisted of a pair of no-till and conventional-till fields, and soil samples were collected from arbitrarily selected locations in each field at 0- to 7.5-cm and 7.5- to 15-cm depths. Separate intensive sampling was made in the spring of 1995 from two pairs of adjacent no-till and conventional-till fields at the Iowa State University Northeast Research Farm, in which samples were collected from 0- to 30-cm depth in increments of 5 cm. Samples were assayed for P. sojae with the use of a leaf-disk bioassay. In the 1994 regional samples, there was greater recovery of P. sojae (P ≤ 0.05) at 0- to 7.5-cm depth in the no-till samples than in the conventional-till samples for all states except Minnesota. The fall 1995 samples from Illinois followed a similar trend (P = 0.05); whereas samples from Iowa showed no significant difference between tillage systems. At depths greater than 7.5 cm, there was generally no difference in detection frequency of P. sojae between tillage systems. Samples from the Northeast Research Farm followed patterns of vertical distribution similar to those of the regional samples. In no-till fields, the detection frequency of P. sojae was greatest near the soil surface; two to three times greater than that of the conventional-till fields at this depth. In the conventional-till fields, however, the frequency of recovery peaked at 20 cm and was comparable at these depths to those of no-till fields. There was a positive correlation between the percentage of leaf disks colonized and residue dry weights in the no-till fields (r = 0.84, P = 0.04; and r = 0.86, P = 0.03) but not in the conventional-till fields (r = -0.06, P = 0.90; and r = -0.60, P = 0.17). The recovery of P. sojae in greater frequency near the soil surface in no-till fields than in conventional-till fields suggests that the potential for damping-off may be greater in no-till fields than in conventional-till fields.

scholarly journals MODELING NO-TILL ADOPTION BY CORN AND SOYBEAN PRODUCERS: INSIGHTS INTO SUSTAINED ADOPTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
TARA WADE ◽  
ROGER CLAASSEN
Keyword(s):  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Private Benefits ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
No Till ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractNo-till acreage has increased in recent years, but many farmers alternate no-till with other tillage practices, limiting public and private benefits from sustained no-till adoption. Revealed preference data are used in an ordered logit regression analysis to determine the effect of soil characteristics, climate, regions, farm characteristics, and producer demographics on producers’ choices to use continuous tillage, alternate no-till systems with tillage systems, or continuously use no-till. The model provides insight into the characteristics and conditions that are conducive to each tillage regime. The attributes found to significantly affect continuous no-till use are erodibility classification, drainage, farm size, and climate.

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