scholarly journals Natural Infection of Field-Grown Borage (Borago officinalis) by Alfalfa mosaic virus in Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 698-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mallor ◽  
M. Luis-Arteaga ◽  
M. A. Cambra ◽  
S. Fernández-Cavada
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Borago Officinalis ◽  
Local Lesions

Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) has a wide host range and is distributed throughout the world. It causes disease in several vegetable crops, including bean, celery, lettuce, pea, pepper, and tomato (1). In Spain, it has been found naturally infecting alfalfa, pepper, and tomato. During the autumn of 1999, in the area of Zaragoza (northeastern Spain), several plants expressing foliar yellow mosaic symptoms were observed in borage grown for human consumption in open field plots. The commercial value of the symptomatic plants was greatly reduced. The symptoms were similar to those previously obtained in greenhouse-grown borage plants mechanically inoculated with three tomato isolates of AMV (2). The following indicator species, including virus-free borage plants, were mechanically inoculated with sap from leaves of symptomatic borage plants, and reactions were recorded: chlorotic and necrotic local lesions on Tetragonia expansa and Vigna unguiculata; chlorotic local lesions and systemic mosaic on Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, Cucumis sativus ‘Marketmore’, Gomphrena globosa, and Nicotiana glutinosa; systemic mosaic, sometimes associated with localized reactions, on Ocimum basilicum, Capsicum annuum ‘Doux des Landes’ and ‘Yolo Wonder’, N. benthamiana, N. clevelandii, N. rustica, N. sylvestris, N. tabacum ‘Paraguay’ and ‘Xanthi nc’, Petunia hybrida, Physalis floridana, and Solanum melongena ‘Cerna krazavitska’. The reactions are in agreement with the indicator host reactions described for AMV (1). Symptoms on virus-free borage plants mechanically inoculated with sap from symptomatic borage and from inoculated C. amaranticolor and O. basilicum experimental hosts were similar to those observed in naturally infected borage. Positive serological reactions (A405 values more than three times greater than those of the negative controls) in double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using commercially prepared antiserum against AMV (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN) were obtained with extracts of naturally infected borage leaves and with systemically infected indicator species. Alfalfa plots located in the vicinity of the symptomatic borage plants could be the source of virus for borage infections. To our knowledge, this is the first report of natural AMV infection in Borago spp. References: (1) E. M. J. Jaspars and L. Bos. CMI/AAB. No. 229, 1980. (2) M. Luis-Arteaga and J. M. Alvarez. Inf. Téc. Econ. Agr. 92:70, 1996.

scholarly journals First Report of Natural Infection of Greenhouse-Grown Tomato and Weed Species by Pelargonium zonate spot virus in Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 807-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Luis-Arteaga ◽  
M. A. Cambra
Keyword(s):  
Indicator Species ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Chenopodium Amaranticolor ◽  
Borago Officinalis ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Italian Isolate

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants showing severe chlorotic and necrotic ringspots, line patterns on leaves, and concentric chlorotic ringspots on stems and fruits were observed in plastic greenhouse-grown tomato crops cv. Royesta during the spring of 1996 in Zaragoza province, Northeast Spain. Symptoms were similar to those associated with Pelargonium zonate spot virus (PZSV) infection on tomato in Italy (1,2). The causal agent was mechanically transmitted from leaf, fruit, and stem samples to several indicator species. The following host reactions were recorded: chlorotic local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Cucumis sativus, and Cucurbita pepo, and systemic reactions, sometimes associated with localized reactions, on Capsicum annuum ‘Doux des Landes’ and ‘Yolo Wonder’, Datura stramonium, Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana clevelandii, N. glutinosa, N. megalosiphon, N. rustica, N. sylvestris, N. tabacum ‘Paraguay’, ‘Samsun’, and ‘Xanthi nc’, Ocimum basilicum, Petunia hybrida, Physalis floridana, Solanum melongena, and Vigna unguiculata. Symptoms obtained in indicator species were erratic. During the spring of 1999, naturally occurring symptoms appeared again on tomato plants, cultivars Royesta and Bond, growing in greenhouses in the same area. Positive serological reactions with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a commercial PZSV antiserum (Agdia Inc.), developed against an Italian isolate of PZSV, were obtained with extracts from leaves, stems, and fruits of tomato plants naturally infected (1999) and from systemically infected indicator species mechanically inoculated with sap from tomato samples (1996 and 1999). Serological results were confirmed by molecular hybridization analysis using a PZSV-specific riboprobe (D. Gallitelli, personal communication). Some of the weeds growing around the greenhouses (Capsella bursa-pastoris, Diplotaxis erucoides, Picris echioides, and Sonchus oleraceus) also tested positive for PZSV (A405nm values greater than three times that of healthy plants). However, other weed species such as Anacyclus tomentosus, Beta maritima, Cardaria draba, Malva sylvestris, Medicago sp., Polygonum aviculare, Rumex sp., and Sisymbrium irio tested negative, while results from tests on Borago officinalis, Bromus rigidus, and Convolvulus arvensis were inconclusive. Symptoms like those of naturally infected tomato plants were reproduced by mechanically inoculating tomato seedlings with sap from PZSV-infected tobacco (Nicotiana glutinosa and N. tabacum ‘Paraguay’) or from Physalis floridana plants. References: (1) D. Gallitelli. Ann. Appl. Biol. 100:457, 1982. (2) C. Vovlas et al. Inform. Fitopatol. 2:39, 1986.

scholarly journals Identification, Characterization, and Molecular Detection of Alfalfa mosaic virus in Potato

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1237-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Xu ◽  
J. Nie
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Cp Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Alignment

Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) was detected in potato fields in several provinces in Canada and characterized by bioassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The identity of eight Canadian potato AMV isolates was confirmed by sequence analysis of their coat protein (CP) gene. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that these eight AMV potato isolates fell into one strain group, whereas a slight difference between Ca175 and the other Canadian AMV isolates was revealed. The Canadian AMV isolates, except Ca175, clustered together among other strains based on alignment of the CP gene sequence. To detect the virus, a pair of primers, AMV-F and AMV-R, specific to the AMV CP gene, was designed based on the nucleotide sequence alignment of known AMV strains. Evaluations showed that RT-PCR using this primer set was specific and sensitive for detecting AMV in potato leaf and tuber samples. AMV RNAs were easily detected in composite samples of 400 to 800 potato leaves or 200 to 400 tubers. Restriction analysis of PCR amplicons with SacI was a simple method for the confirmation of PCR tests. Thus, RT-PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis may be a useful approach for screening potato samples on a large scale for the presence of AMV.

Interaction of calcium with indole-3-acetic acid and kinetin during the formation of local lesions in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) by alfalfa mosaic virus

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1097-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Tu
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Local Lesion ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Lesion Formation ◽  
Water Sprays ◽  
Local Lesions ◽  
Lesion Number ◽  
Local Lesion Formation ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

A study was conducted on the interaction of Ca2+ with 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) and kinetin on local lesion formation by alfalfa mosaic virus on bean leaves. Local lesion number was reduced when IAA solutions alone were applied as postinoculation sprays, as compared with water sprays. The reduction was slight at 10−4 and 10−5 M but was large at 10−3 M. Although addition of 0.03 M CaCl2 to 10−4 and 10−5 M IAA sprays reversed the effect of IAA on local lesion formation, addition of the same concentration of calcium to 10−3 M IAA had little effect on local lesion production. Kinetin, except at the 10−4 M concentration, caused no increase in the number of local lesions, as compared with treatment with distilled water. However, with 0.03 M CaCl2 added, the local lesion production at all kinetin concentrations increased significantly over distilled water or 0.03 M CaCl2. The sizes of local lesions on leaves sprayed with 10−3, 10−4, and 10−5 M IAA were reduced by approximately 52, 26, and 10%, respectively, and on leaves sprayed with kinetin by approximately 44, 26, and 24%, respectively. Addition of 0.03 M CaCl2 to IAA and kinetin lessened their effect on the size of local lesions but did not eliminate the effect totally.

scholarly journals First Report of Alfalfa mosaic virus in Viburnum lucidum in Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1132-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Cebrián ◽  
M. C. Córdoba-Sellés ◽  
A. Alfaro-Fernández ◽  
J. A. Herrera-Vásquez ◽  
C. Jordá
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Water Control ◽  
First Report ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
The Mediterranean

Viburnum sp. is an ornamental shrub widely used in private and public gardens. It is common in natural wooded areas in the Mediterranean Region. The genus includes more than 150 species distributed widely in climatically mild and subtropical regions of Asia, Europe, North Africa, and the Americas. In January 2007, yellow leaf spotting in young plants of Viburnun lucidum was observed in two ornamental nurseries in the Mediterranean area of Spain. Symptoms appeared sporadically depending on environmental conditions but normally in cooler conditions. Leaf tissue from 24 asymptomatic and five symptomatic plants was sampled and analyzed by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA with specific polyclonal antibodies against Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (Loewe Biochemica, Sauerlach, Germany) and Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) (SEDIAG S.A.S, Longvic, France). All symptomatic plants of V. lucidum were positive for Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV). The presence of AMV was tested in the 29 samples by one-step reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with the platinum Taq kit (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Barcelona, Spain) using primers derived from a partial fragment of the coat protein gene of AMV (2). The RT-PCR assays produced an expected amplicon of 700 bp in the five symptomatic seropositive samples. No amplification product was observed when healthy plants or a water control were used as a template in the RT-PCR assays. One PCR product was purified (High Pure PCR Product Purification Kit; Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) and directly sequenced (GenBank Accession No. EF427449). BLAST analysis showed 96% nucleotide sequence identity to an AMV isolate described from Phlox paniculata in the United States (GenBank Accession No. DQ124429). This virosis has been described as affecting Viburnum tinus L. in France (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of natural infection of Viburnum lucidum with AMV in Spain, which might have important epidemiological consequences since V. lucidum is a vegetatively propagated ornamental plant. References: (1) L. Cardin et al. Plant Dis. 90:1115, 2006. (2) Ll. Martínez-Priego et al. Plant Dis. 88:908, 2004.

scholarly journals Araujia sericifera New Host of Alfalfa mosaic virus in Italy

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 1387-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Parrella ◽  
B. Greco ◽  
G. Cennamo ◽  
R. Griffo ◽  
A. Stinca
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Systemic Necrosis ◽  
New Host ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Italian Isolate ◽  
Local Lesions

Araujia sericifera Brot. (Fam. Apocynaceae) is an evergreen climbing plant native of South America, originally introduced in Europe as an ornamental. In spring 2012, virus-like symptoms including bright yellow mosaic of calico-type and leaf distortion were observed in three A. sericifera plants growing in an abandoned field located in Pomigliano d'Arco (Campania region, Italy). Leaves from the three plants were collected and examined using commercial antisera (Bioreba AG, Reinach, Switzerland) by double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA against Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), and by indirect plate trapped antigen (PTA)-ELISA against potyviruses (Potygroup test). Only AMV was detected serologically in the three A. sericifera samples. The virus was mechanically transmitted from the ELISA-positive samples to four plants each of Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi nc), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata, cv. Black eyes), basil (Ocimum basilicum, cv. Gigante), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. San Marzano), using chilled 0.03 M sodium phosphate buffer, containing 0.2% sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, 75 mg/ml of active charcoal, and traces of Carborundum (600 mesh). Inoculated plants were kept in an insect-proof greenhouse with natural illumination and temperatures of 24 and 18°C day/night. Under these conditions, plants showed the following symptoms after 1 to 3 weeks, consistent with symptoms caused by AMV (1): chlorotic local lesions following by mosaic in C. quinoa and C. amaranticolor, reddish local lesions following by mosaic in cowpea, necrotic local lesions followed by systemic necrosis in tomato, bright yellow mosaic (calico type) in basil, and mosaic and strong deformation of the apical leaves in tobacco. The presence of AMV in ELISA-positive A. sericifera and host plants was further confirmed by conventional reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Total RNAs were extracted with an RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). RT-PCR was performed with the One-Step RT-PCR Kit (Qiagen) using primers for the coat protein gene (CP) previously used for the molecular characterization of AMV isolates (2). An Italian isolate of AMV from Lavandula stoechas (GenBank Accession No. FN667967) and RNA extracted from a healthy A. sericifera plant were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. An amplicon of the correct predicted size (∼750 bp) was obtained from each of the infected plants assayed, and that derived from A. sericifera isolate Ars2 was purified (QIAqick PCR Purification Kit, Qiagen), cloned in pGEMT easy vector (Promega, Fitchburg, WI) and sequenced (HF570950). Sequence analysis of the CP gene, conducted with MEGA5 software, revealed the highest nucleotide identity of 98% (99% amino acid identity) with the AMV isolate Tef-1 (FR854391), an isolate belonging to subgroup I (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of AMV infecting A. sericifera in Italy. Since A. sericifera is considered an invasive plant, in continuous expansion to new areas in Italy and in other European countries, particular attention should be paid to the possibility that this species may play a role in the epidemiology of aphid-transmitted viruses such as AMV and CMV, representing a threat to susceptible crops growing nearby. References: (1) G. Marchoux et al. Page 163 in: Virus des Solanacées. Quae éditions, Versailles, 2008. (2) G. Parrella et al. Arch. Virol. 145:2659, 2000. (3) G. Parrella et al. Plant Dis. 96:249, 2012.

scholarly journals First Report of Alfalfa mosaic virus in Lavandula officinalis

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 908-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ll. Martínez-Priego ◽  
M. C. Córdoba ◽  
C. Jordá
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
First Report ◽  
Coat Protein Region ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Lavandula Officinalis

For several years, in ornamental nurseries in the Mediterranean area of Spain, stunting and yellow leaf spotting have been observed in young plants of Lavandula officinalis. Symptoms eventually disappeared as the plants matured. During the summer of 2003, the number of plantlets affected and the intensity of symptoms increased significantly. Symptomatic plants tested positive using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Phyto-Diagnostics, INRA, France) for the presence of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV). ELISA results were verified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Total RNA extracts from symptomatic plants were analyzed using primers designed specifically for the coat protein region of AMV utilizing sequence data from GenBank Accession No. AF215664: AMVcoat-F: GT GGT GGG AAA GCT GGT AAA and AMVcoat-R: CAC CCA GTG GAG GTC AGC ATT. The thermocycling schedule was as follows: reverse transcriptase step at 50°C for 30 min, first PCR cycle at 94°C for 2 min, 35 cycles each of 30 s at 94°C, 30 s at 54°C, 30 s at 72°C, followed by a final extension at 72°C for 10 min. A 700-pb PCR product of the expected size was obtained from plants that were positive for AMV using ELISA. The two systems provide for rapid detection of AMV in L. officinalis. A regular screening program will assist in providing virus-free plants to ornamental nurseries. These results demonstrate the presence of AMV in L. officinalis. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a typical source of AMV. However, because the nurseries where L. officinalis is grown are not in the vicinity of alfalfa fields, we suggest the source of the infection originated in the propagation material. AMV has currently been reported in L. officinalis only in Italy and France (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of AMV in L. officinalis in Spain. Reference: (1): A. Garibaldi et al. Ed. Edagricole-Edisioni Agricole della Calderini s.r.l., Bologna, 2000.

scholarly journals First Report of Parietaria mottle virus on Tomato in Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1210-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Aramburu
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽  
Tobacco Streak Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Range Data ◽  
Local Lesions ◽  
Plant Pathol

During spring 2001, plants of different tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars grown in several commercial fields in the eastern Catalonia Region of Spain had fruit with brown patches and young leaves with rings and a bright necrotic mosaic that progressed to stem necrosis of the apex, which might die and later develop new symptomless shoots. The symptoms were similar to those of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Sap of tomato sample R1 (in buffered saline [0.02 M sodium phosphate, 0.15 M NaCl at pH 7.2, containing 0.2% 2-mercaptoethanol]) was infective to Cucumis sativus (local necrosis), tomato cv. Marmande (systemic infection consisting of chlorotic local lesions and necrotic mosaic), Nicotiana clevelandii and N. benthamiana (chlorosis and rosetting), and Chenopodium quinoa (chlorotic local lesions, systemic mottle, and leaf distortion). The sap was not infective to N. glutinosa, N. tabacum cv. Xanthi, Datura stramonium, or Gomphrena globosa. The host range data indicated that the infective agent in sample R1 could be Parietaria mottle virus (PMoV) (1). Symptomatic plants inoculated in a greenhouse with the R1 isolate and symptomatic from tomato plants from the field were analyzed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and had minimum ELISA values at least 10-fold higher than healthy controls, using a polyclonal antiserum (provided by P. Roggero) of a tomato strain of PMoV denoted tomato virus 1 (2). The R1 isolate of PMoV was negative in ELISA when analyzed with commercial antisera to TSWV, CMV, Tomato mosaic virus, Tomato bushy stunt virus, Potato Y virus, Tobacco etch virus, Pelargonium zonate spot virus, and Tobacco streak virus. References: (1) P. Caciagli et al. Plant Pathol. 38:577, 1989. (2) P. Roggero et al. J. Plant Pathol. 82:159, 2000.

scholarly journals Identification of Turnip mosaic virus Isolates Causing Yellow Stripe and Spot on Calla Lily

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 901-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Chen ◽  
C. H. Chao ◽  
C. C. Chen ◽  
S. D. Yeh ◽  
H. T. Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
First Record ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Calla Lily ◽  
Black Magic ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Virus Isolates

Two virus cultures, RC4 and YC5, were isolated in Taiwan from calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.) cv. Black magic displaying yellow spot and stripe on leaves. Both isolates were mechanically transmitted to various hybrids of Zantedeschia and induced systemic symptoms similar to those observed on diseased Black magic. In addition to Zantedeschia spp., the two virus isolates also infected several cruciferous species and induced mosaic symptoms. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of flexuous virus particles about 750 nm in length. The two isolates were propagated in and purified from mustard plants and were used as immunogens for production of antisera in rabbits. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and sodium dodecyl sulfate-immunodiffusion tests, both antisera reacted strongly with their homologous antigens and with antigens of two Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) isolates from radish (TuMV-R) and lisianthus (TuMV-L), but not with 21 other different potyviruses tested. In reciprocal tests, antisera against TuMV-R and TuMV-L also reacted strongly with RC4 and YC5 antigens, indicating that these two calla lily isolates are serologically indistinguishable from other known TuMV strains. Cloning and sequence analyses confirmed that both isolates shared 95 to 99% of deduced amino acid sequence identities in the coat protein genes with those of various known TuMV strains. This investigation represents the first record of the natural infection of TuMV in calla lily.

scholarly journals Occurrence, Distribution, and Relative Incidence of Seven Viruses Infecting Greenhouse-Grown Cucurbits in Iran

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossain Massumi ◽  
Asghar Samei ◽  
Akbar Hosseini Pour ◽  
Mehdi Shaabanian ◽  
Heshmetollah Rahimian
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Cucumber Necrosis Virus ◽  
Papaya Ring Spot Virus ◽  
Wilt Virus

Greenhouse-grown cucurbit crops in several Iranian regions were surveyed for the incidence of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Squash mosaic virus (SqMV), Papaya ring spot virus-type W (PRSV-W), Watermelon mosaic virus-2 (WMV-2), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Cucumber necrosis virus (CuNV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) from September 2002 to June 2004. In all, 1,304 random and 1,085 symptomatic leaf or fruit samples were collected. Samples were analyzed for virus infection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CMV and ZYMV were the viruses most frequently detected, accounting for 21.2 and 18% of the infected plants, respectively. WMV-2 was detected with 4.3% incidence in 15 regions and TSWV with 1.25% incidence only in 2 regions. CuNV, SqMV, and PRSV-W were not detected in any samples. Double and triple infections involving different combinations of CMV, ZYMV, WMV-2, and TSWV were noted in 117 and 4 samples, respectively. Natural infection of cucumber with TSWV and ZYMV is reported for the first time from Iran. Of 16 plant species from 14 genera, growing in or around greenhouse facilities, 6 were found infected with ZYMV, TSWV, WMV-2, and CMV and may act as reservoirs of the viruses. Four species are reported as new hosts of these viruses.

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