scholarly journals The Effects of Temperature and Wetness Period on the Development of Spinach White Rust

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 753-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Sullivan ◽  
J. P. Damicone ◽  
M. E. Payton
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
White Rust ◽  
Wetness Period ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Experiments were conducted in controlled environments to determine the influence of temperature and duration of wetness on development of white rust of spinach. Plants of the susceptible cv. Kent were exposed to temperatures of 6 to 28°C and interrupted wetness periods that totaled 3 to 84 h following inoculation. Disease severity was assessed following further incubation in a greenhouse at 20 to 30°C. Disease was observed at all temperatures and increased with wetness duration. The optimum temperature for disease development ranged from 12 to 18°C. Only 3 h of wetness were required for disease development at 12 to 22°C. A minimum wetness period of 6 to 12 h was required for disease development at suboptimal temperatures. A multiple regression model describing the response surface of arcsine square root transformed disease severity was developed that had significant quadratic wetness effects, cubic temperature effects, and interaction between temperature and wetness. The resulting polynomial model provided a good fit to the observed data, accounting for 89% of the variation in transformed disease severity.

scholarly journals Differences Between Ascospores and Conidia of Didymella rabiei in Spore Germination and Infection of Chickpea

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1600-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Trapero-Casas ◽  
Walter J. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Wetness Period ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Germ Tubes ◽  
Plant Surfaces

Studies were performed to compare the germination and infection of ascospores and conidia of Didymella rabiei under different temperature and moisture conditions. Germination of ascospores and conidia on cover glasses coated with water agar began after 2 h, with maximum germination (>95%) occurring in 6 h at 20°C. No germination occurred at 0 and 35°C. Ascospores germinated more rapidly than conidia at all temperatures. Germination declined rapidly as the water potential varied from 0 to –4 MPa, although some germination occurred at –6 MPa at 20 and 25°C. Ascospores germinated over a wider range of water potentials than conidia and their germ tubes were longer than those of conidia at most water potentials and temperatures. The optimum temperature for infection and disease development by both ascospores and conidia was around 20°C. Disease severity was higher when ascospores were discharged directly onto plant surfaces from naturally infested chickpea debris compared with aqueous suspensions of ascospores and conidia sprayed onto plants Disease severity increased as the length of the wetness period increased. When dry periods of 6 to 48 h occurred immediately after inoculation, disease severity decreased, except for the shorter periods which had the opposite effect. Disease severity was higher with ascospore inoculum when no dry periods occurred after inoculation.

Correction - The effects of temperature on the vegetative growth of six tropical legume species

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (34) ◽  
pp. 528
Author(s):  
PC Whiteman
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Tropical Legume ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Initial Seed ◽  
Temperate Legumes

Six tropical legume species, viz. Phaseolus lathyroides, P. atropurpureus, Desmodium uncinatum, D. intortum, D. sandwicense, and Glycine javanica, were grown in controlled environments. At the first harvest (14 days) dry weight of seedling tops was linearly related to initial seed dry weight. Subsequent growth at the lowest temperatures, 15/10�C and 18/13�C (day/night) was severely curtailed, and plants developed abnormally. The optimum temperature for growth of all the species was in the range of 30/25 � 3�C, which is generally lower than values reported for the tropical grasses, and higher than those for the temperate legumes and grasses.

The effects of temperature on the vegetative growth of six tropical legume species

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (34) ◽  
pp. 528
Author(s):  
PC Whiteman
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Tropical Legume ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Initial Seed ◽  
Temperate Legumes

Six tropical legume species, viz. Phaseolus lathyroides, P. atropurpureus, Desmodium uncinatum, D. intortum, D. sandwicense, and Glycine javanica, were grown in controlled environments. At the first harvest (14 days) dry weight of seedling tops was linearly related to initial seed dry weight. Subsequent growth at the lowest temperatures, 15/10�C and 18/13�C (day/night) was severely curtailed, and plants developed abnormally. The optimum temperature for growth of all the species was in the range of 30/25 � 3�C, which is generally lower than values reported for the tropical grasses, and higher than those for the temperate legumes and grasses.

scholarly journals Physiology of Sugar-Cane VII. Effects of Temperature, Photoperiod Duration, and Diurnal and Seasonal Temperature Changes on Growth and Ripening

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
KT Glasziou ◽  
TA Bull ◽  
MD Hatch ◽  
PC Whiteman
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Period Duration

Independent and interaction effects of day and night temperature, photo-period duration, and diurnal thermoperiodicity were studied on sugar-cane grown under controlled environments. During the first 3 months of growth, day and night temperature effects were mainly additive, but at 6 months the interaction effects of all variables were numerous and complex. Many of the interaction effects could be attributed to increased responses to constant-temperature regimes with a 12-hr photoperiod. No evidence for thermoperiodicity requirements was found.

Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of 1,5-cyclooctadiene. Effects of temperature and pressure

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis B. Anderson ◽  
Rade Marković
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Oxidative Carbonylation ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Carbonylation Reaction ◽  
Palladium Catalyzed ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

The influence of temperature and carbon monoxide pressure on the course of oxidative carbonylation reaction of 1,5-cyclooctadiene in the presence of the palladium(II) salts as a catalyst, was investigated.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature on Anoplophora chinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Adult Survival, Reproduction, and Egg Hatch

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody A. Keena ◽  
Paul M. Moore ◽  
Gregg Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) is an invasive species that can damage many tree species in orchard, urban, and forested habitats. Adult survival, reproduction, and egg hatch of A. chinensis from Italy and China are evaluated at eight constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C) under laboratory conditions. The estimated Tmax for longevity was 42 and 33 °C for females and 42 and 39 °C for males from China and Italy, respectively. The estimated Tmax, Tmin, and optimum temperature for fecundity were 35, 9, and 29 °C, respectively. Females laid eggs at 15–30 °C and eggs hatched at 15–35 °C. Days to first oviposition increased exponentially from 13 days at 30 °C to >300 days near 10 °C. The estimated Tmin for egg hatch was 13 °C, the Tmax at 38 °C, and the optimum 29 °C. Percentage hatch was estimated to be highest at 26 °C and have a Tmax of 31 °C and Tmin of 10 °C. These results indicate that summer temperatures over a wide range of latitudes should support beetle survival and reproduction, but at temperatures ≥35 °C, oviposition ceases, and adult survivorship declines. In addition, females may survive into the fall, but lay fewer eggs that may not hatch. These responses of A. chinensis to temperature can be used for developing phenological models to predict the timing of stages for management or eradication efforts.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and management of bacterial leaf spot on watermelon caused byPseudomonas syringae

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 1222-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Newberry ◽  
L. Ritchie ◽  
B. Babu ◽  
T. Sanchez ◽  
K. A. Beckham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Cool Conditions

Bacterial leaf spot of watermelon caused by Pseudomonas syringae has been an emerging disease in the southeastern United States in recent years. Disease outbreaks in Florida were widespread from 2013 to 2014 and resulted in foliar blighting at the early stages of the crop and transplant losses. We conducted a series of field trials at two locations over the course of two years to examine the chemical control options that may be effective in management of this disease, and to investigate the environmental conditions conducive for bacterial leaf spot development. Weekly applications of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) foliar, ASM drip, or copper hydroxide mixed with ethylene bis-dithiocarbamate were effective in reducing the standardized area under the disease progress curve (P < 0.05). Pearson’s correlation test demonstrated a negative relationship between the average weekly temperature and disease severity (–0.77, P = 0.0002). When incorporated into a multiple regression model with the square root transformed average weekly rainfall, these two variables accounted for 71% of the variability observed in the weekly disease severity (P < 0.0001). This information should be considered when choosing the planting date for watermelon seedlings as the cool conditions often encountered early in the spring season are conducive for bacterial leaf spot development.

Cardiopulmonary fitness is related to disease severity in multiple sclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Heine ◽  
Inez Wens ◽  
Martin Langeskov-Christensen ◽  
Olaf Verschuren ◽  
Bert O Eijnde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Fitness ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Background: In persons with MS (pwMS), a lower cardiopulmonary fitness has been associated with a higher risk for secondary disorders, decreased functional capacity, symptom worsening and reduced health-related quality of life. Objective: To investigate the association between disease severity and cardiopulmonary fitness. Methods: Data from cardiopulmonary exercise tests, previously conducted in three different countries, were pooled. The association between disease severity (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)) and cardiopulmonary fitness (peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak)) was adjusted for age, sex and the country of origin. Results: The combined sample comprised 116 ambulant pwMS having a mean (± SD) EDSS score of 2.7 ± 1.3. There was a significant correlation ( r = -0.418, p < .01) between VO2peak and EDSS. A multiple regression model (R2 = 0.520, p < .01) was constructed to describe VO2peak (mL∙kg−1∙min−1); VO2peak = 36.622 − 5.433 (Sex (1=men)) – 0.124 (Age) − 2.082 (EDSS) + 2.737 (Belgium) + 8.674 (Denmark). Conclusion: There was a significant association between disease severity and cardiopulmonary fitness. The close relation between cardiopulmonary fitness and chronic conditions associated with physical inactivity, suggest a progressive increase in risk of secondary health conditions in pwMS

Efficacy of Different Level of Systemic Fungicides on Management of Rice Blast at Baitadi, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Ashok Acharya ◽  
Prabin Ghimire ◽  
Dhurba Raj Joshi ◽  
Kishor Shrestha ◽  
Govinda Sijapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Systemic Fungicide ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Systemic Fungicides ◽  
Different Levels

Rice blast (Pyriculariaoryzae Cavara) is one of the most devastating diseases affecting the rice crop in across the world. Systemic fungicides are used for the suppression of blast diseases caused by fungal pathogens. Propiconazole and Carbendazim are commercial chemical control products available in markets for the control of the fungal pathogen. An experiment was conducted to examine the effectiveness of systemic fungicide on suppression of rice blast incidence in farmers' field during wet seasons in 2016. The treatments consisted of the use of different levels of propiconazole and Carbendazim on ‘Rato Basmati’ a landrace rice variety. The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The disease was scored according to the standard scale developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). Disease severity and Area under Disease Progressive curve (AUDPC) was computed based on that scale score. Propiconazole and Carbendazim at different levels reduce disease development than no treatment (control). But its efficacy was not consistent. The magnitude of disease suppression by Propiconazole was high as compared to Carbendazim. The application of propiconazole at the rate of 1.5 ml effectively reduced disease severity and AUDPC at different dates. So propiconazole at the rate of 1.5 ml thrice at weekly intervals is effective to reduce the disease development

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document