First Report of the Potato Cyst Nematode (Globodera pallida) in the Czech Republic

Potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, was detected in several soil samples collected from various areas of the Czech Republic. Globodera rostochiensis pathotype Ro1 is known to be widespread in the Czech Republic. G. pallida was reported from the neighboring countries of Austria, Germany, and Poland, and also was suspected to be present in the Czech Republic, but it has never been unambiguously proved (1). Recently, nematode isolates have been recovered that multiply readily on Ro1 resistant potato cultivars. These isolates were identified on the basis of three tests: (i) microscopic observations of cyst vulval area morphology and stylets of second-stage larvae; (ii) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a commercial kit; and (iii) a polymerase chain reaction method (2). A complete series of G. pallida and G. rostochiensis pathotypes from Scotland and Germany served as controls. Results were identical for all three methods used. One sample contained G. pallida only, five samples contained mixtures of G. rostochiensis and G. pallida, and one sample contained G. rostochiensis only. The origin of G. pallida contamination is unknown. Strict quarantine measures have been taken to prevent G. pallida from spreading into neighboring areas. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of the occurrence of G. pallida in the Czech Republic. References: (1) J. Potocek et al. EPPO Bull. 21:81, 1991. (2) M. Zouhar et al. Plant Prot. Sci. 36:81, 2000.

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Identification and Characterization of Pale Potato Cyst Nematode (Globodera pallida) in Teplá, the Czech Republic

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-03-12-0305-pdn ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 96 (9) ◽

pp. 1386-1386 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O. Douda ◽

M. Zouhar ◽

J. Urban ◽

V. Čermák ◽

V. Gaar

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Potato Cyst Nematode ◽

Globodera Pallida ◽

The European Union ◽

Pcr Cloning ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Mediterranean Plant

Potato cyst nematode poses a significant threat to potato producers in the Czech Republic. Both species of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida) are listed as quarantine pests in the Czech Republic and also by the European Union, European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, and North American Plant Protection Organization. To date, G. rostochiensis was responsible for all damage to potatoes caused by cyst nematodes in the Czech Republic, while G. pallida was recorded only once in the Czech Republic (2) 8 years ago. It is important to note that this occurrence of G. pallida was not located in the free-cultivation area. In July 2011, soil samples from a potato field located in the area of Teplá (Karlovy Vary Region) were collected, and the cysts extracted were identified as G. pallida according to microscopic observation of cyst fenestra and morphology of juveniles (1). Cyst morphometrics (means from 10 cysts) included: fenestra diameter 21.2 μm, distance fenestra to anus 56.8 μm, Granek's ratio 2.7, number of cuticular ridges between fenestra and anus 14; while second stage juvenile morphometrics (means of 13 specimens) were: L 466.7 μm, stylet 24.2 μm, tail 53.2 μm, body width at anus 13.2, h 28.6, c 8.8, c′ 4.0. Terminus of juvenile tails was rounded, and stylet knobs possessed distinct forward projections. Total DNA was extracted from single cysts using the TriPure reagent (Roche), and the DNA samples were used to amplify cistron rDNA with the following primers: 18S, 5′-TTGATTAGGTCCCTGCCCTTT-3′, and 21S, 5′-TTTCACTCGCCGTTACTAAGG-3′. The amplified region contains the 3′ end of the 18S gene, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, and the 5′ end of the 28S gene. Pfu DNA polymerase (Fermentas) was used for accurate amplification. A PCR product of approximately 1.0 kb was amplified from three individual cysts. The PCR amplicons were cloned into pJET1.2 using the CloneJET PCR Cloning Kit (Fermentas) and sequenced in both directions. The sequences of representative isolates were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. JQ692592, JQ692593, and JQ692594). The resultant 1.0 kb sequences showed 99% nucleotide identity to sequences of G. pallida from Canada (GenBank Accession Nos. GQ294522.1, GQ355975.1, and GQ294523.1), thus confirming the results of the morphological analyses. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of G. pallida in the free-cultivation area of Karlovy Vary Region, and only the second in the Czech Republic since the first report in 2003 (2). References: (1) M. W. Brzeski. Page 237 in: Nematodes of Tylenchina in Poland and Temperate Europe. Muzeum I Instytut Zoologii Polska Akademia Nauk, Warszawa 1998. (2) M. Zouhar et al. Plant Disease, 87:98, 2003.

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Occurrence of Fusarium species and mycotoxins in wheat grain collected in the Czech Republic

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2015.1917 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 317-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. Chrpová ◽

V. Šíp ◽

T. Sumíková ◽

J. Salava ◽

J. Palicová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

High Performance ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Fusarium Culmorum ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Mixed Infections ◽

Head Blight ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽

Polymerase Chain

Random collections of ears of winter wheat cultivars grown within the Czech Republic were made during 2004-2013. The ears were assessed for Fusarium head blight symptoms on a 0-9 scale and grain samples were analysed for deoxynivalenol (DON) content by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Samples from 2011-2013 were analysed in greater detail, including to detect Fusarium species using polymerase chain reaction assays and determine mycotoxin content (including ‘emerging’ mycotoxins) using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The 10-year survey reveals a significant adverse effect from maize as the preceding crop on the accumulation of DON. Most endangered were those areas situated in the eastern part of the country. The study revealed prevailing occurrence of Fusarium poae and Fusarium graminearum within the Czech Republic. The occurrence of F. poae increased greatly in 2012 (with 93.3% of samples infected) in association with relatively warmer and drier weather. These investigations provide abundant evidence as to the presence of so-called ‘emerging’ mycotoxins, particularly enniatins. The survey also shows that increased content of ‘emerging’ mycotoxins could be accompanied by high DON content through mixed infections. Among examined toxins, only DON and DON-3-glucoside (DON-3G) were positively correlated (r=0.800; P<0.001) while levels of the remaining toxins were independent of one another. DON production by both DON-producing species F. graminearum and Fusarium culmorum was significantly higher in mixed infections with other species. The presence of Fusarium avenaceum with other species appeared markedly to promote the production of 5 out of 6 mycotoxins, namely DON, DON-3G, nivalenol, enniatins, and beauvericin. These five mycotoxins profited also from contamination by F. poae. Moreover, the presence of F. graminearum and F. culmorum appeared to be decisive for zearalenone accumulation, which was not correlated with DON levels.

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Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assays for the Identification of the Potato Cyst and Tobacco Cyst Nematodes

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-94-8-0959 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (8) ◽

pp. 959-965 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Mark K. Nakhla ◽

Kristina J. Owens ◽

Wenbin Li ◽

Gang Wei ◽

Andrea M. Skantar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Potato Cyst Nematode ◽

Globodera Pallida ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

Detection And Identification ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Probe Set ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Rdna ◽

Quantitative Pcr Assay

TaqMan primer-probe sets were developed for the detection and identification of potato cyst nematodes (PCNs) Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis using two-tube, multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One tube contained a primer-probe set specific for G. pallida (pale potato cyst nematode) multiplexed with another primer-probe set specific for G. rostochiensis (golden potato cyst nematode). A second tube consisted of the G. pallida-specific primer-probe set multiplexed with a primer-probe set specific for G. tabacum (the morphologically similar tobacco cyst nematode). This internal transcribed spacer rDNA-based system was specific for the Globodera spp. of interest and successfully identified several populations of PCN. This rapid, sensitive, and specific quantitative PCR assay presents a useful tool for PCN regulatory response and management programs.

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Problems of potato cyst nematode pathotypes in the Czech Republic

EPPO Bulletin ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2338.1991.tb00457.x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 81-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. POTOČEK ◽

V. GAAR ◽

V. PERLOVÁ

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Potato Cyst Nematode ◽

The Czech Republic

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Pestivirus infections in cervids from the Czech Republic

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/29/2009-vetmed ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 191-193

Author(s):

K. Sedlak ◽

T. Girma ◽

J. Holejsovsky

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Competitive Inhibition ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Border Disease Virus ◽

Serum Samples ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Diarrhea Virus ◽

Border Disease

372 sera of cervids from the Czech Republic were examined for antibodies to the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and border disease virus (BDV) by competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for the presence of the BVDV by AgELISA. Antibodies to BVDV/BDV were found in 0.6% (two positive/305 tested) red deer (Cervus elaphus). BVDV/BDV antibodies were not found in four sika deer (Cervus Nippon) and 63 fallow deer (Dama dama). All serum samples were BVDV antigen negative. Our results confirmed that red deer in the Czech Republic are only rarely infected with Pestiviruses. This was the first survey of pestiviruses in farmed and wild cervids in the Czech Republic.

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An investigation of resistance to the white potato cyst-nematode

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600030094 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 325-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

M. F. B. Dale ◽

M. S. Phillips

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Major Gene ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Potato Cyst Nematode ◽

Globodera Pallida ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Inheritance Of Resistance ◽

White Potato

SUMMARYThe inheritance of resistance to Globodera pallida was studied in seedling progenies derived from Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena CPC 2802 (H3) and S. vernei and compared with resistance to G. rostochiensis derived from S. tuberosum ssp. andigena CPC 1673(H1). The resistance of CPC 2802 was originally thought to be due to a major gene (H3), but results presented here demonstrate that it and that derived from S. vernei are inherited in a similar manner quite distinct from the major gene inheritance from CPC 1673 (HI). It is concluded that the resistances derived from CPC 2802 and S. vernei are both polygenic in nature. These findings are discussed in relation to breeding policy and screening methods.

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The ability of rhizosphere bacteria isolated from nematode host and non-host plants to influence the hatch in vitro of the two potato cyst nematode species, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

Nematology ◽

10.1163/1568541042360528 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 375-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

N. Aileen Ryan ◽

Peter Jones

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Host Plant ◽

Host Plants ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Potato Cyst Nematode ◽

Globodera Pallida ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Bacillus Spp

AbstractSeventy bacteria, isolated from the rhizosphere of the potato cyst nematode (PCN) host plant, potato, were cultured in the presence and absence of potato root leachate (PRL) and the resultant culture filtrates were analysed for their ability to affect the hatch in vitro of the two PCN species. Of the isolates tested, nine had a significant effect on PCN hatch. Six affected Globodera pallida hatch and three affected G. rostochiensis hatch. Five of the isolates significantly increased hatch only when cultured in the presence of PRL. Three of the isolates decreased PCN hatch significantly in PRL. Only one isolate increased hatch significantly in the absence of PRL. No isolate affected the hatch of both species. Six of the nine isolates that significantly affected PCN hatch had been pre-selected by culturing on PRL. Bacterial isolates from PCN non-hosts (14 from wheat, 17 from sugar beet) were also tested for hatching activity. The principal effect of the hatch-active isolates from the PCN non-host plants was to increase PCN hatch in the presence of PRL. In contrast to the host bacteria results, the isolates from non-host plants affected only G. rostochiensis hatch (three wheat isolates and four sugar beet isolates significantly increased G. rostochiensis hatch); no such isolate affected G. pallida hatch significantly in the presence of PRL. Ten isolates (32%) from non-host plants had the ability to increase significantly the hatch of PCN in the absence of PRL (eight of these affected G. rostochiensis hatch and four affected G. pallida hatch), compared to only one bacterial isolate (1%) from a host plant. The majority of the isolates from non-hosts produced PCN species-specific effects, as with the bacteria isolated from potatoes, although two wheat isolates increased the hatch of both species significantly in the absence of PRL. Of 20 hatch-active bacterial isolates (from all three plants) identified, 70% were Bacillus spp. Other genera identified were Arthrobacter , Acinetobacter and Staphylococcus .

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The Genomic Impact of Selection for Virulence against Resistance in the Potato Cyst Nematode, Globodera pallida

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11121429 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1429

Author(s):

Kyriakos Varypatakis ◽

Pierre-Yves Véronneau ◽

Peter Thorpe ◽

Peter J. A. Cock ◽

Joanne Tze-Yin Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Potato Industry ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Potato Cyst Nematode ◽

Globodera Pallida ◽

Genomic Islands ◽

Natural Resistance ◽

Management Approach ◽

Resistance Sources ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

Avr Genes

Although the use of natural resistance is the most effective management approach against the potato cyst nematode (PCN) Globodera pallida, the existence of pathotypes with different virulence characteristics constitutes a constraint towards this goal. Two resistance sources, GpaV (from Solanum vernei) and H3 from S. tuberosum ssp. andigena CPC2802 (from the Commonwealth Potato Collection) are widely used in potato breeding programmes in European potato industry. However, the use of resistant cultivars may drive strong selection towards virulence, which allows the increase in frequency of virulent alleles in the population and therefore, the emergence of highly virulent nematode lineages. This study aimed to identify Avirulence (Avr) genes in G. pallida populations selected for virulence on the above resistance sources, and the genomic impact of selection processes on the nematode. The selection drive in the populations was found to be specific to their genetic background. At the genomic level, 11 genes were found that represent candidate Avr genes. Most of the variant calls determining selection were associated with H3-selected populations, while many of them seem to be organised in genomic islands facilitating selection evolution. These phenotypic and genomic findings combined with histological studies performed revealed potential mechanisms underlying selection in G. pallida.

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Preliminary Study of Sars-Cov-2 Occurrence in Wastewater in the Czech Republic

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17155508 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (15) ◽

pp. 5508 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Hana Mlejnkova ◽

Katerina Sovova ◽

Petra Vasickova ◽

Vera Ocenaskova ◽

Lucie Jasikova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Untreated Wastewater ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Polymerase Chain

The virus SARS-CoV-2, which has caused the recent COVID-19 pandemic, may be present in the stools of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, we aimed to detect SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater for surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the population. Samples of untreated wastewater were collected from 33 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of different sizes within the Czech Republic. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was concentrated from wastewater and viral RNA was determined using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 11.6% of samples and more than 27.3% of WWTPs; in some of them, SARS-CoV-2 was detected repeatedly. Our preliminary results indicate that an epidemiology approach that focuses on the determination of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater could be suitable for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in the population.

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