Phytophthora ramorum Infects Hazelnut, Vine Maple, Blue Blossom, and Manzanita Species in California

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Matthew V. DiLeo ◽  
John C. Bienapfl ◽  
David M. Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Sudden Oak Death ◽  
New Host ◽  
First Report ◽  
Species Overlap ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Symptomatic Tissue ◽  
New Host Species

Phytophthora ramorum was isolated from symptomatic tissue of California hazelnut, vine maple, blue blossom, and two species of manzanita. This is the first report of these plant species as natural hosts of P. ramorum. The native ranges of these new host species overlap considerably with regions that are highly favorable to P. ramorum epidemics. It is unknown how these newly-identified hosts affect the epidemiology of sudden oak death in California ecosystems or the spread of P. ramorum into un-infested areas. Accepted for publication 15 November 2007. Published 18 January 2008.

Regressive evolution of an effector following a host jump in the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen Lineage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin K. Zess ◽  
Yasin F. Dagdas ◽  
Esme Peers ◽  
Abbas Maqbool ◽  
Mark J. Banfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Irish Potato ◽  
Sequence Motif ◽  
New Host ◽  
Regressive Evolution ◽  
Host Environment ◽  
Host Jump ◽  
Potato Famine ◽  
Irish Potato Famine ◽  
New Host Species

AbstractIn order to infect a new host species, the pathogen must evolve to enhance infection and transmission in the novel environment. Although we often think of evolution as a process of accumulation, it is also a process of loss. Here, we document an example of regressive evolution in the Irish potato famine pathogen (Phytophthora infestans) lineage, providing evidence that a key sequence motif in the effector PexRD54 has degenerated following a host jump. We began by looking at PexRD54 and PexRD54-like sequences from across Phytophthora species. We found that PexRD54 emerged in the common ancestor of Phytophthora clade 1b and 1c species, and further sequence analysis showed that a key functional motif, the C-terminal ATG8-interacting motif (AIM), was also acquired at this point in the lineage. A closer analysis showed that the P. mirabilis PexRD54 (PmPexRD54) AIM appeared unusual, the otherwise-conserved central residue mutated from a glutamate to a lysine. We aimed to determine whether this PmPexRD54 AIM polymorphism represented an adaptation to the Mirabilis jalapa host environment. We began by characterizing the M. jalapa ATG8 family, finding that they have a unique evolutionary history compared to previously characterized ATG8s. Then, using co-immunoprecipitation and isothermal titration calorimetry assays, we showed that both full-length PmPexRD54 and the PmPexRD54 AIM peptide bind very weakly to the M. jalapa ATG8s. Through a combination of binding assays and structural modelling, we showed that the identity of the residue at the position of the PmPexRD54 AIM polymorphism can underpin high-affinity binding to plant ATG8s. Finally, we conclude that the functionality of the PexRD54 AIM was lost in the P. mirabilis lineage, perhaps owing to as-yet-unknown pressure on this effector in the new host environment.Author SummaryPathogens evolve in concert with their hosts. When a pathogen begins to infect a new host species, known as a “host jump,” the pathogen must evolve to enhance infection and transmission. These evolutionary processes can involve both the gain and loss of genes, as well as dynamic changes in protein function. Here, we describe an example of a pathogen protein that lost a key functional domain following a host jump, a salient example of “regressive evolution.” Specifically, we show that an effector protein from the plant pathogen Phytopthora mirabilis, a host-specific lineage closely related to the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytopthora infestans, has a derived amino acid polymorphism that results in a loss of interaction with certain host machinery.

scholarly journals The AntCardiocondyla elegansas Host of the Enigmatic Endoparasitic FungusMyrmicinosporidium durum

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Julia Giehr ◽  
Jürgen Heinze ◽  
Alexandra Schrempf
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
New Host ◽  
High Infection ◽  
New Host Species

Data on host species and the distribution of the endoparasitic fungusMyrmicinosporidium durumincreased continuously in recent decades. Here, we add the antCardiocondyla elegansas new host species. Colonies of the monogynous species were found infested in the region of Languedoc-Roussillon (South France). Samples from the nest indicate high infection rates. All castes and sexes were infected by the spores. Variations of infection rates between sampling methods and species are discussed.

New state and host records for Agromyzidae (Diptera) in the United States, with the description of thirty new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4479 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES S. EISEMAN ◽  
OWEN LONSDALE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
New Host ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Host Species ◽  
State Records

We present rearing records of Agromyzidae (Diptera) from five years of collecting throughout the United States. We review host and distribution data, and describe leaf mines, for 93 species, plus 28 others that could not be confidently identified in the absence of male specimens. We report 147 new host species records, including the first rearing records for Agromyza bispinata Spencer, A. diversa Johnson, A. parca Spencer, A. pudica Spencer, A. vockerothi Spencer, Calycomyza michiganensis Steyskal, Ophiomyia congregata (Malloch), and Phytomyza aldrichi Spencer. Phytomyza anemones Hering and (tentatively identified) Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) iraeos (Robineau-Desvoidy) are new to North America; Agromyza albitarsis Meigen, Amauromyza shepherdiae Sehgal, Aulagromyza populicola (Walker), Liriomyza orilliensis Spencer, Phytomyza linnaeae (Griffiths), P. solidaginivora Spencer, and P. solidaginophaga Sehgal are new to the USA. We also present confirmed USA records for Calycomyza menthae Spencer (previous records were based only on leaf mines), Ophiomyia maura (Meigen) (reported from the USA in older literature but deleted from the fauna in the most recent revision (Spencer & Steyskal 1986)), and Phytomyza astotinensis Griffiths and P. thalictrivora Spencer (previously only tentatively recorded from the USA). We provide 111 additional new state records. We describe the following 30 new species: Agromyza fission, A. soka, Melanagromyza palmeri, Ophiomyia euthamiae, O. mimuli, O. parda, Calycomyza artemisivora, C. avira, C. eupatoriphaga, C. vogelmanni, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) edithae, Cer. (D.) feldmani, Liriomyza ivorcutleri, L. valerianivora, Phytomyza actaeivora, P. aesculi, P. confusa, P. doellingeriae, P. erigeronis, P. hatfieldae, P. hydrophyllivora, P. palmeri, P. palustris, P. sempervirentis, P. tarnwoodensis, P. tigris, P. triangularidis, P. vancouveriella, P. verbenae, and P. ziziae. 

Establishment of the peanut bruchid (Caryedon serratus) in Australia and two new host species, Cassia brewsteri and C. tomentella

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Cunningham ◽  
K. B. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
New Host ◽  
Caryedon Serratus ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Dry Tropics ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Combined Data ◽  
New Host Species

The distribution of Caryedon serratus, the peanut (groundnut) bruchid, on 2 Australian native plants, Cassia brewsteri and C. tomentella, was documented over 2 years. Caryedon serratus was observed across the central and northern parts of the range of C. brewsteri (latitudes 19.258–24.140˚S) and at least part of the range of C. tomentella (as far as 24.427˚S). Seed loss to C. serratus in these species assessed across all collection sites was 40 ± 8.0% (mean ± s.e.). Where the bruchid was detected at a given site, 72 ± 8.6% of pods on 71 ± 8.5% of trees were affected. Additional distribution points and other potential host species from previous C. serratus collections in the Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC) are reported. The combined data were used to predict a potential range for the bruchid across the dry tropics of Australia. No reports of migration to cultivated or stored peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in Australia were located. Further investigation of the potential impact of this bruchid on the Australian peanut industry is recommended. A potentially beneficial aspect of C. serratus establishment may be the biological control of Acacia nilotica (prickly acacia) in Australia.

Mites of the family Syringophilidae (Acariformes: Cheyletoidea) parasitizing waxbills of the genus Estrilda (Passeriformes: Estrildidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1799-1808
Author(s):  
Maciej Skoracki ◽  
Martin Hromada ◽  
Petra Prevuznakova ◽  
Wanyoike Wamiti
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Species ◽  
New Host ◽  
Quill Mites ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species ◽  
New Host Species

Quill mites (Acariformes: Prostigmata: Syringophilidae) parasitizing waxbills of genus Estrilda Swainson (Aves: Passeriformes: Estrildidae) from the Sub-Saharan region are studied for the first time. Among them, a new species, Syringophiloidus estrildus sp. nov., is described and new host species for Neosyringophilopsis lonchurus Skoracki, 2008, Neoaulonastus oryzivorus (Skoracki, 2011) comb. nov., and Picobia lonchurae Skoracki et al., 2016 are recorded. In our study, we examined 120 specimens belonging to seven of the 16 (44%) species of the genus Estrilda. The prevalence of infestation by syringophilid species varied from 3.7 to 25%. The host and habitat (feather type) specificity are discussed. 

Host species of mistletoes (Loranthaceae and Viscaceae) in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nicole F. Clark ◽  
Jen A. McComb ◽  
Andrew W. Taylor-Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
New Host ◽  
Host Family ◽  
Single Host ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Host Families ◽  
New Host Species

In order to study the relationships between mistletoes and their host species, comprehensive collections of both mistletoes and hosts are needed. The effect of sampling effort on the estimation of mistletoe host range was demonstrated in a comparison of an inventory of host mistletoe interactions published by Downey in 1998 and a 2019 inventory presented here, which is based on data from collections in the Australian Virtual Herbarium and information in the literature. New hosts were recorded for 93% of the 90 Australian mistletoes. There were 338 previously known hosts recorded to be parasitised by additional mistletoe species, and 317 new host species that were not previously known as mistletoe hosts (25 being alien species). These were from 78 new host genera and 13 new host families. The total number of host species was 1186 within 327 genera from 92 host families. A total of 63% of all Australian mistletoes parasitise species of either Eucalyptus or Acacia or both these genera. The large rise in host species recorded in less than two decades between inventories suggests that current knowledge of hosts is still incomplete, such that further new hosts will be discovered in future. Some mistletoe species show a strong preference to one host family or genus but due to insufficient collecting it is premature to conclude that any of the three species known from a single host are host specific.

Expanded Range and New Host Species ofMycobacterium shottsiiandM. pseudoshottsii

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia B. Stine ◽  
John M. Jacobs ◽  
Matt R. Rhodes ◽  
Anthony Overton ◽  
Mark Fast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
New Host ◽  
New Host Species

Systematics of the genus Syringophilopsis Kethley, 1970 (Acari: Prostigmata: Syringophilidae) with description of three new species from North American passerines

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2793 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
MACIEJ SKORACKI ◽  
SARAH A. HENDRICKS ◽  
GREG S. SPICER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Host ◽  
Sitta Carolinensis ◽  
Passerina Cyanea ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Sturnella Neglecta ◽  
World Fauna ◽  
New Host Species

Three new species of the genus Syringophilopsis collected from the United States are described and figured: S. certhiae sp. nov. ex Certhia americana Bonaparte (Certhiidae) from California, S. sittae sp. nov. ex Sitta carolinensis Latham (Sittidae) also from California, and S. sturnellus sp. nov. ex Sturnella neglecta Audubon (Icteridae) from Arizona. Additionally, S. passerinae (Clark, 1964) is redescribed based on the material from the type host species, Passerina cyanea (Linnaeus) (Cardinalidae). New host species for S. icteri Bochkov & Mironov, 2001 and S. passerinae are added. The world fauna of Syringophilopsis is summarized and keyed.

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