Evaluation of Commercial Bell Pepper Cultivars for Resistance to Phytophthora Blight (Phytophthora capsici)

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amara R. Dunn ◽  
Holly W. Lange ◽  
Christine D. Smart
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
New York State ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
The North ◽  
Bell Peppers

Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici) is an important disease of bell peppers, causing crown, root, and fruit rot as well as foliar lesions. Substantial yield losses can result from either plant death or fruit rot. Host resistance is an effective management strategy for the root and crown rot phase of the disease, and a number of commercially-available pepper cultivars are described by the supplier as intermediately resistant. In field trials conducted over 5 years, the bell pepper cultivars Archimedes, Aristotle, Intruder, and Paladin were found to be the most resistant to a single isolate of P. capsici from New York State (NY 0664-1). Cultivars ACR285, Declaration, PS 09941819, Revolution, and Vanguard showed intermediate levels of resistance. Escalade, Karisma, Keystone Giant, King of the North, and Red Knight were highly susceptible to NY 0664-1. This information will be useful to growers selecting cultivars to plant in fields with a history of Phytophthora blight. Accepted for publication 24 October 2013. Published 30 January 2014.

scholarly journals Performance and Tolerance to Phytophthora Blight of Bell Pepper Varieties

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amara R. Dunn ◽  
Lindsay E. Wyatt ◽  
Michael Mazourek ◽  
Stephen Reiners ◽  
Christine D. Smart
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Incidence

In 2011, total marketable yield, fruit size, and number of lobes; fruit discoloration due to silvering; and plant structure were compared among eight commercial green bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) varieties and four breeding lines at three field sites in central New York. Tolerance to phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici) was also assessed at one of these sites. No wilting or plant death due to phytophthora blight was observed on the four breeding lines. ‘Paladin’, ‘Intruder’, and ‘Aristotle’ had the highest levels of tolerance to phytophthora blight, among the commercial varieties and maintained their yields in the presence of disease. In the absence of phytophthora blight, yields from these three varieties were comparable to susceptible varieties, but fruit tended to be smaller, and incidence of silvering was high in ‘Paladin’ and ‘Intruder’. Less silvering was observed on ‘Aristotle’ fruit. Total marketable yields from the breeding lines and percent of fruit with four lobes was comparable to the commercial varieties, and some breeding lines also had a low incidence of silvering, but fruit were smaller and set later in the season. Overall, this study suggests that ‘Paladin’, ‘Intruder’, and ‘Aristotle’ will yield well in fields with a history of severe phytophthora blight, but new large-fruited varieties with low incidence of silvering and good tolerance to phytophthora blight are needed.

scholarly journals Characterizing Sources of Resistance to Phytophthora Blight of Pepper Caused by Phytophthora capsici in North Carolina

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
Camilo H. Parada-Rojas ◽  
Lina M. Quesada-Ocampo
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Crown Root ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Important Disease

Phytophthora blight, caused by Phytophthora capsici, is an important disease of peppers in the United States and worldwide. P. capsici causes crown, root, and fruit rot as well as foliar lesions in peppers. Field trials were conducted in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate 32 commercial and experimental pepper cultivars against a mixed-isolate inoculum in North Carolina. Cultivars Martha-R and Meeting were classified as highly resistant to P. capsici, and Paladin was classified as resistant. Intermediate resistance to P. capsici in the field was observed with Fabuloso, Revolution, Vanguard, Archimedes, Aristotle, Ebano-R, and Declaration. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the response of 48 pepper cultivars when inoculated individually with two isolates from North Carolina and an isolate from Michigan. Isolates exhibited different levels of virulence in pepper cultivars screened for resistance. Landraces CM334 and Fidel as well as the cultivars Martha-R, Meeting, and Intruder were categorized as highly resistant or resistant to the three isolates tested. Overall, highly resistant cultivars tended to respond similarly to field mix inoculations and greenhouse single isolate inoculations.

scholarly journals Screening Capsicum annuum Accessions for Resistance to Six Isolates of Phytophthora capsici

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron L. Candole ◽  
Patrick J. Conner ◽  
Pingsheng Ji
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Seed Increase

Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsici Leon. is one of the most important diseases of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) in Georgia. The level of resistance in commercial bell pepper cultivars is not effective in managing this disease in moist and humid conditions, and new sources of resistance are needed. A mixture of six Georgia isolates of P. capsici was used for greenhouse mass screening of 2301 accessions of Capsicum annuum. From the initial screening, 77 accessions were identified as resistant to P. capsici-induced root rot. From those 77 accessions, 28 accessions were selected for seed increase and further replicated root inoculation tests. Replicated tests confirmed the resistance of 14 of the 28 accessions, although genetic variability within the accessions hampered the analysis of resistance in some accessions. Two accessions, PI 201237 and PI 640532, demonstrated consistently high levels of resistance to root rot. These two accessions are potential sources of resistance genes that can be incorporated into commercial bell pepper cultivars.

scholarly journals Potential Sources of Resistance in U.S. Cucumis melo PIs to Crown Rot Caused by Phytophthora capsici

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan S. Donahoo ◽  
William W. Turechek ◽  
Judy A. Thies ◽  
Chandrasekar S. Kousik
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs

Phytophthora capsici is an aggressive pathogen that is distributed worldwide with a broad host range infecting solanaceous, fabaceous, and cucurbitaceous crops. Over the past two decades, increased incidence of Phytophthora blight, particularly in eastern states, has threatened production of many vegetable crops. Cucumis melo L. (honeydew and muskmelon), although especially susceptible to fruit rot, is also highly susceptible to crown rot. Currently, little is known about host resistance to P. capsici in C. melo. To assess crown rot resistance in C. melo seedlings, 308 U.S. PIs, and two commercial cultivars (Athena and Dinero) were grown under greenhouse conditions. Seedlings with three to four true leaves were inoculated with a five-isolate zoospore suspension (1 × 104 zoospores per seedling) at the crown and monitored for 6 weeks. All the susceptible control plants of Athena died within 7 days post-inoculation. The majority of the PIs (281 of 308) were highly susceptible to crown rot and succumbed to the disease rapidly and had less than 20% of the plants survive. Several PIs (PI 181748, PI 182964, and PI 273438) succumbed to crown rot earlier than the susceptible melon cultivars. Eighty-seven PIs selected on the basis of the first screen were re-evaluated and of these PIs, 44 were less susceptible than cultivars Athena and Dinero. Twenty-five of the 87 PIs were evaluated again and of these six PI, greater than 80% of the plants survived in the two evaluations. Disease development was significantly slower on these PIs compared with the susceptible checks. High levels of resistance in S1 plants of PI 420180, PI 176936, and PI 176940 were observed, which suggests that development of resistant germplasm for use in breeding programs can be accomplished. Further screening and careful selection within each of these PIs can provide a framework for the development of resistant germplasm for use in breeding programs.

Evaluation of Biorational Products for Management of Phytophthora Blight of Bell Pepper Transplants

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Camilla Yandoc Ables ◽  
Jason C. Hong ◽  
Nancy Kokalis-Burelle ◽  
Joseph P. Albano ◽  
Elizabeth M. Lamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Phosphorous Acid ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

There is a critical need for pest control products that are compatible with sustainable agricultural practices, such as those based on natural antagonists or plant defense activators. Four separate, repeated experiments were conducted in which commercially available biopesticides and phosphonate-containing products were evaluated in the greenhouse for the management of Phytophthora blight of bell pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici. The phosphonate-containing product, FNX-100, applied as a soil drench, was found to be the most effective treatment for decreasing the incidence of stem and crown rot. A single soil drench of FNX-100 applied at the lowest concentration provided disease control that was as effective as multiple applications of the highest rate. Foliar applications of FNX-100 at any concentration or frequency were ineffective for disease control, and caused pronounced phytotoxicity when compared to the FNX-100 soil drench. The phosphorous acid K-Phite was found to be less effective than FNX-100, but disease symptoms were minimal in plants treated with a soil drench of that product. While the efficacy of three other phosphonate-containing products, Prophyt, Phostrol, and FNX-2500, were inconsistent, it was observed that these products were also more effective in managing disease when applied as a soil drench rather than as a foliar spray. Accepted for publication 18 December 2012. Published 26 February 2013.

scholarly journals Performance of Bell Pepper Cultivars in a Commercial Field Infested with Phytophthora capsici

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 981D-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Babadoost
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
The Other ◽  
King Arthur ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Commercial Field

Phytophthora blight, caused by Phytophthora capsici, is a widespread problem of many vegetables including bell peppers. Four bell pepper cultivars marketed as resistant/tolerant to P. capsici include `Paladin' (resistant), `Alliance' (tolerant), `Aristotle X3R' (tolerant), and `Revolution' (tolerant). These cultivars, along with four other widely grown cultivars (`Commandant', `King Arthur', `Legionnaire', and `Red Knight X3R') and a susceptible control (`California Wonder'), were evaluated for their performance in a commercial field highly infested with P. capsici. `Paladin' had the lowest incidence of Phytophthora blight and the greatest yield compared to all other cultivars. `Alliance', `Aristotle X3R', and `Revolution' (the tolerant cultivars) also had lower Phytophthora blight incidence and greater yields compared to the other five cultivars evaluated. Results indicated that in fields that historically have high incidence of Phytophthora blight, `Paladin' could be a reliable choice for commercial production.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Fruit Rot Resistance in Cucurbita Germplasm Resistant to Phytophthora capsici Crown Rot

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Krasnow ◽  
Rachel P. Naegele ◽  
Mary K. Hausbeck
Keyword(s):  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Lesion Area ◽  
Root And Crown Rot ◽  
Pericarp Thickness

Phytophthora blight is a destructive disease of cucurbits affecting the fruit, leaves, crown, and/or roots. Ten cucurbit PIs with known partial resistance to Phytophthora capsici root and crown rot were evaluated for resistance to Phytophthora fruit rot. Unwounded fruit from field-grown plants of Cucurbita moschata and C. pepo were inoculated in a controlled environment at 7 to 10 or 21 to 24 days post-pollination (dpp) with virulent P. capsici isolates to examine the effect of fruit age on disease development. Inoculated fruit were rated for lesion area and pathogen mycelial growth 7 days post-inoculation (dpi); fruit length, diameter, and pericarp thickness were also rated. Two C. pepo accessions (PI 169417 and PI 181761) had significant resistance to Phytophthora fruit rot at both 7 to 10 dpp and 21 to 24 dpp. All accessions evaluated displayed reduced disease susceptibility as the fruit aged.

A study in the tornoceratidae: the succession of tornoceras and related genera in the North American devonian

1965 ◽  
Vol 250 (763) ◽  
pp. 79-130 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Species ◽  
New York State ◽  
Lateral Lobe ◽  
Evolutionary Trends ◽  
York State ◽  
The North ◽  
New Subgenus ◽  
Lower Frasnian ◽  
Shed Light

The species of Tornoceras , Parodiceras , Epitornoceras and Aulatornoceras in North America are described. The study provides an independent stratigraphical goniatite zonation, particularly for the New York State Devonian, and it also provides an analysis of allomorphis in Tornoceras . A discussion on the protoconch apparatus and the significance of the metamorphosis at the nepionic constriction in Tornoceras is given. For the Tornoceras stock descriptions are provided where possible of the ontogeny from protoconch to adult of species at eleven successive stratigraphical levels, and faunas at other levels are also described. Thus the successional ontogenies shed light on the phylogeny of the stock. Faunas at each level may be morphologically defined, but few consistently maintained evolutionary trends have been observed. Shell form seems particularly subject to independent, and probably phenotypic variation. Through the equivalents of the Middle Devonian to the lower Frasnian, protoconch width appears to increase progressively. Similarly the suture becomes more undulating, particularly with regard to the steepness of the ventrad face of the lateral lobe. Later species show reversion to early characters in these respects. The origin of Tornoceras from Parodiceras is argued, and it is considered that Tornoceras gave rise to all later members of the Tornoceratidae. A new subgenus, Linguatornoceras , is erected for Frasnian and lower Famennian tornoceratids with small lingulate lateral lobes. Seven new species and subspecies are described.

scholarly journals Age and origin of the Cannon Point syenite, Essex County, New York: southernmost expression of Monteregian Hills magmatism?

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-392
Author(s):  
David G. Bailey ◽  
Marian Lupulescu ◽  
Jeffrey Chiarenzelli ◽  
Jonathan P. Traylor
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Alkali Feldspar ◽  
Crustal Material ◽  
Lake Champlain ◽  
Essex County ◽  
York State ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The North ◽  
Basement Faults

Two syenite sills intrude the local Paleozoic strata of eastern New York State and are exposed along the western shore of Lake Champlain. The sills are fine-grained, alkali feldspar syenites and quartz syenites, with phenocrysts of sanidine and albite. The two sills are compositionally distinct, with crossing rare earth element profiles and different incompatible element ratios, which eliminates the possibility of a simple petrogenetic relationship. Zircon extracted from the upper sill yields a U–Pb age of 131.1 ± 1.7 Ma, making the sills the youngest known igneous rocks in New York State. This age is similar to that of the earliest intrusions in the Monteregian Hills of Quebec, >100 km to the north. Sr and Nd radiogenic isotope ratios are also similar to those observed in some of the syenitic rocks of the eastern Monteregian Hills. The Cannon Point syenites have compositions typical of A-type, within-plate granitoids. They exhibit unusually high Ta and Nb concentrations, resulting in distinct trace element signatures that are similar to those of the silicic rocks of the Valles Caldera, a large, rift-related magmatic system. We suggest that the Cannon Point syenites were melts derived primarily by anatexis of old, primitive, lower crustal material in response to Mesozoic rifting and to the intrusion of mantle-derived magmas. The sills indicate that the effects of continental rifting were spatially and temporally extensive, resulting in the reactivation of basement faults in the Lake Champlain Valley hundreds of kilometers west of the active rift boundary, and crustal melting >50 Ma after the initiation of rifting.

Luminaries of the Albany Era: Beecher, Schuchert, and Hall

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Preston Cloud
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
New York State ◽  
New Haven ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
The North ◽  
Invertebrate Paleontology ◽  
Personal Assistants ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
York State Museum

James Hall of Albany, Director of the New York State Museum from 1866 until his death at 86 in 1897 was the most noted American geologist and paleontologist of his time. He originated the geosynclinal concept of mountain-building and ideas of gravity-mass-movement. He became the 19th century's most productive paleontologist by dint of unsparing drive, coupled with high ability and the talent and labors of six unusual "personal assistants". Among the latter were two gifted and dedicated Charleses, Beecher and Schuchert, who later established invertebrate paleontology at Yale and made it the North American mecca of the field for many years. Beecher, comfortably raised, well educated, biologically focussed, tragically short-lived, preceded his close friend and successor in Hall's employ, Schuchert, son of an impoverished immigrant cabinet maker, with only a primary school education, was geologically inclined, and long-lived. Coming to New Haven as he did, after 10 years of experience with the U.S. Geological Survey and the Smithsonian's Museum of Natural History, as well as his time in Albany, Schuchert provided the ideal complement to Beecher. Both were fine collectors, preparators, and illustrators as well as first rate scientists. Both became renowned scientists in their time. And both enriched the global scientific heritage with their publications. The Albany School was clearly the place to launch a career in paleontology during the last half of the 19th century. The subsequent lives of Beecher and Schuchert testify to that.

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