scholarly journals Management Strategies for Barley Yellow Dwarf on Winter Wheat in Kansas

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Bockus ◽  
Erick D. De Wolf ◽  
Timothy C. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
The Impact

Barley yellow dwarf (BYD) is one of the most important wheat diseases in the state of Kansas. Several methods of disease management have been recommended to mitigate losses from BYD including the use of seed-treatment insecticides, delayed planting of winter wheat, and deploying cultivars with resistance to BYD. The goal of this research was to quantify the impact of these three management strategies, alone and in combination, on BYD disease progress and grain yields in Kansas. When field experiments were averaged over four years, treating seed with the insecticide imidacloprid (Gaucho) reduced the daily increase in the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) by 35.0% and corresponding yield losses from BYD by 16.4%. Compared with early planting, late planting reduced AUDPC by 47.9% and corresponding yield losses by 57.5%. Planting a moderately resistant cultivar reduced AUDPC by 80.9% and corresponding yield losses by 72.6% compared with a susceptible cultivar. When all three BYD management methods were combined, BYD was reduced by 95.2% and yield losses reduced by 97.1% when compared with not using any of the management methods. Therefore, integrating management practices can result in high levels of control of BYD in Kansas. Accepted for publication 4 May 2016. Published 7 June 2016.

Estimating Yield Losses Due to Barley Yellow Dwarf on Winter Wheat in Kansas Using Disease Phenotypic Data

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genna M. Gaunce ◽  
William W. Bockus
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Impact

Barley yellow dwarf (BYD) is one of the most important wheat diseases in the state of Kansas. Despite the development of cultivars with improved resistance to BYD, little is known about the impact that this resistance has on yield loss from the disease. The intent of this research was to estimate yield loss in winter wheat cultivars in Kansas due to BYD and quantify the reduction in losses associated with resistant cultivars. During seven years, BYD incidence was visually assessed on numerous winter wheat cultivars in replicated field nurseries. When grain yields were regressed against BYD incidence scores, negative linear relationships significantly fit the data for each year and for the combined dataset covering all seven years. The models showed that, depending upon the year, 19–48% (average 33%) of the relative yields was explained by BYD incidence. For the combined dataset, 29% of the relative yield was explained by BYD incidence. The models indicated that cultivars showing the highest disease incidence that year had 25–86% (average 49%) lower yield than a hypothetical cultivar that showed zero incidence. Using the models, the moderate level of resistance in the cultivar Everest was calculated to reduce yield loss from BYD by about 73%. Therefore, utilizing visual BYD symptom evaluations in Kansas coupled with grain yields is useful to estimate yield loss from the disease. Accepted for publication 1 December 2014. Published 9 January 2015.

The change in winter wheat response to deoxynivalenol and Fusarium Head Blight through technological and agronomic progress

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoxi Xia ◽  
Arthur W. Schaafsma ◽  
Felicia Wu ◽  
David C. Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Head Blight

Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat causes yield loss, quality reduction, and mycotoxin contamination in temperate wheat production areas worldwide. The objective of this study was to quantify the progress of agronomic and FHB management strategies during the past two decades on FHB suppression and agronomic performance of winter wheat in environments favorable for FHB. Field experiments were conducted in environments typical in FHB epidemics for comparing common agronomic and FHB management practices used in the 1996 era compared to those used in 2016. The experiments included a comparison of 3 different nitrogen fertilizer (N) application rates, 6 old (1996-era) and new (modern-era) winter wheat cultivars representing combinations of susceptibility-eras to FHB, with and without a fungicide applied at flowering (pydiflumetofen + propiconazole). To mimic environments favorable for infection (similar to 1996 in Ontario, Canada), plots were challenged at 50% anthesis with a F. graminearum macroconidia suspension followed by mist irrigation. The modern management strategy of using moderately resistant cultivars, a fungicide applied at flowering, and a high rate of N fertilizer reduced total deoxynivalenol by 67%, reduced Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) by 49%, reduced FHB Index by 86%, increased grain test weight by 11% and increased grain yield by 31% compared to the standard management practice of seeding highly susceptible (HS) cultivars with no fungicide and a lower rate of fertilizer N recommended in the 1996 era. This study enabled a published economic assessment of the return on investment for the improvements in cultivars, fungicide and N applications since 1996.

Impact of the improvements in Fusarium head blight and agronomic management on economics of winter wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Xia ◽  
A.W. Schaafsma ◽  
F. Wu ◽  
D.C. Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Management Scenarios

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease to cereal crops worldwide that decreases grain yield, grain quality, and causes mycotoxin contamination. FHB resulted in an estimated $2 billion USD loss in the US between 1993 and 2001, and 520 million Canadian dollars (CAD) in Canada in the 1990s. In the wheat producing areas in Canada and the United States, it is perceived that significant progress has been made to manage FHB, but the economic impact of various innovations has not been quantified. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the economic impact of various practices deployed in the province of Ontario, Canada, on managing deoxynivalenol and improving agronomic performance in winter wheat since an epidemic in 1996. The impacts of four hypothetical FHB management scenarios on total deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration and grain yield were estimated in field experiments that compared old (mid-1990s) and modern era (mid-2010s) production practices. Management scenarios included old and new cultivars varying in susceptibility to FHB, fungicide application and nitrogen rates. These impacts were applied to farm survey data collected in 1996 to estimate farm revenue and profit. A similar economic estimate was conducted for the recent FHB epidemic in 2013. If a modern MR cultivar, a modern fungicide, and the combination were deployed in the epidemic of 1996, farm revenue would have increased by 26-32, 23-36 and 48-60%, and profit increased by 88-157, 42-59 and 165-207 CAD per ha, respectively, depending on the nitrogen rate. In the province of Ontario, up to 68 million CAD of revenue losses could have been avoided in 1996 with the use of modern agronomic and FHB management practices. Our study has quantified some of the major economic advances in managing FHB and DON since 1996, but further research is needed to develop better cultivars and management strategies.

Effect of sowing time on barley yellow dwarf virus infection in wheat: virus incidence and grain yield losses

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. McKirdy ◽  
R. A. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Late Sowing

In 4 field experiments at 2 sites in Western Australia, wheat was sown at different times in autumn and early winter. Within each sowing, incidence of barley yellow dwarf luteovirus (BYDV) was monitored by ELISA tests on leaf samples, using antiserum specific to BYDV serotype PAV. Delaying sowing decreased BYDV incidence in all 4 experiments. At the higher rainfall site, decreased BYDV incidence due to delayed sowing was associated with increased grain yield and size, and in 1 experiment also with a decrease in the proportion of shrivelled grain. In contrast, at the lower rainfall site, grain yield penalties derived from late sowing negated the yield increases associated with decreased BYDV levels. When imidacloprid seed-dressing followed by foliar sprays of alpha-cypermethrin were applied to control aphids at the lower rainfall site, within each sowing BYDV incidence and the proportion of shrivelled grain decreased and grain yield and size increased. Applications of pirimicarb at the higher rainfall site also decreased BYDV incidence and the proportion of shrivelled grain within each sowing, and grain yield and size were increased. In all experiments, the only, or predominant, colonising aphid species was Rhopalosiphum padi. At flag leaf emergence, delayed sowing decreased the number of aphids on plants. In high BYDV risk zones, when an appropriate insecticide is not applied to control aphid vectors in autumn-sown wheat, delaying sowing may be advisable to minimise BYDV-induced grain yield losses. However, the yield benefits from decreased BYDV infection need to be balanced against possible yield penalties due to late sowing.

Modified Recurrent Selection for Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Tolerance in Winter Wheat

Crop Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen M. Bauske ◽  
Frederic L. Kolb ◽  
Adrianna D. Hewings ◽  
Gordon Cisar
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Virus Tolerance ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

scholarly journals Rural Roads Are Paving the Way for Land-Use Intensification in the Uplands of Laos

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Castella ◽  
Sonnasack Phaipasith
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
The Impact

Road expansion has played a prominent role in the agrarian transition that marked the integration of swidden-based farming systems into the market economy in Southeast Asia. Rural roads deeply altered the landscape and livelihood structures by allowing the penetration of boom crops such as hybrid maize in remote territories. In this article, we investigate the impact of rural road developments on livelihoods in northern Laos through a longitudinal study conducted over a period of 15 years in a forest frontier. We studied adaptive management strategies of local stakeholders through the combination of individual surveys, focus group discussions, participatory mapping and remote-sensing approaches. The study revealed the short-term benefits of the maize feeder roads on poverty alleviation and rural development, but also the negative long-term effects on agroecosystem health and agricultural productivity related to unsustainable land use. Lessons learnt about the mechanisms of agricultural intensification helped understanding the constraints faced by external interventions promoting sustainable land management practices. When negotiated by local communities for their own interest, roads may provide livelihood-enhancing opportunities through access to external resources, rather than undermining them.

scholarly journals Exploring the impact of a decision support algorithm to improve clinicians’ chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy assessment and management practices: a two-phase, longitudinal study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Knoerl ◽  
Emanuele Mazzola ◽  
Fangxin Hong ◽  
Elahe Salehi ◽  
Nadine McCleary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Assessment Index ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) negatively affects physical function and chemotherapy dosing, yet, clinicians infrequently document CIPN assessment and/or adhere to evidence-based CIPN management in practice. The primary aims of this two-phase, pre-posttest study were to explore the impact of a CIPN clinician decision support algorithm on clinicians’ frequency of CIPN assessment documentation and adherence to evidence-based management. Methods One hundred sixty-two patients receiving neurotoxic chemotherapy (e.g., taxanes, platinums, or bortezomib) answered patient-reported outcome measures on CIPN severity and interference prior to three clinic visits at breast, gastrointestinal, or multiple myeloma outpatient clinics (n = 81 usual care phase [UCP], n = 81 algorithm phase [AP]). During the AP, study staff delivered a copy of the CIPN assessment and management algorithm to clinicians (N = 53) prior to each clinic visit. Changes in clinicians’ CIPN assessment documentation (i.e., index of numbness, tingling, and/or CIPN pain documentation) and adherence to evidence-based management at the third clinic visit were compared between the AP and UCP using Pearson’s chi-squared test. Results Clinicians’ frequency of adherence to evidence-based CIPN management was higher in the AP (29/52 [56%]) than the UCP (20/46 [43%]), but the change was not statistically significant (p = 0.31). There were no improvements in clinicians’ CIPN assessment frequency during the AP (assessment index = 0.5440) in comparison to during the UCP (assessment index = 0.6468). Conclusions Implementation of a clinician-decision support algorithm did not significantly improve clinicians’ CIPN assessment documentation or adherence to evidence-based management. Further research is needed to develop theory-based implementation interventions to bolster the frequency of CIPN assessment and use of evidence-based management strategies in practice. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.Gov, NCT03514680. Registered 21 April 2018.

scholarly journals The impact of cultivar resistance and fungicide treatment on mycotoxin content in grain and yield losses caused by Fusarium head blight in wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Šíp ◽  
J. Chrpová ◽  
O. Veškrna ◽  
L. Bobková
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Cultivar Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Reactions to artificial infection with Fusarium graminearum isolates and a new fungicide Swing Top were studied in nine winter wheat cultivars evaluated in field experiments at two sites for three years for expression of symptoms, deoxynivalenol (DON) content in grain and grain yield. The results demonstrate a pronounced and relatively stable effect of cultivar resistance on reducing head blight, grain yield losses and contamination of grain by the mycotoxin DON. It is advantageous that the moderate level of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) was detected also in two commonly grown Czech cultivars Sakura and Simila. Average fungicide efficacy for DON was 49.5% and 63.9% for a reduction in yield loss, however, it was found highly variable in different years and sites. The joint effect of cultivar resistance and fungicide treatment was 86.5% for DON and even 95.4% for reducing the yield loss. A very high risk was documented for susceptible cultivars and also the effects of medium responsive cultivars were found to be highly variable in different environments and therefore not guaranteeing sufficient protection against FHB under different conditions.

Covid-19 Crisis Management Responses of Small Tourism Firms in South Africa

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Booyens ◽  
Christian M. Rogerson ◽  
Jayne M. Rogerson ◽  
Tom Baum
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Tourism Enterprises ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

Although the literature on COVID-19 is expanding, particularly in relation to crisis management responses pursued by large tourism enterprises, currently few studies exist on the responses of small tourism firms and more specifically of the crisis management practices of small and microaccom modation establishments. The aim in this study is to investigate the business management responses of small tourism firms to the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and restrictions in South Africa. Themes of concern are whether enterprises have been able to sustain operations and adopt certain coping mechanisms or management strategies to mitigate the pandemic’s impact. The article reports on an interview survey of small and microenterprises engaged in accommodation services (N = 75) in South Africa under lockdown restrictions as a means of assessing the responses and coping strategies during an unprecedented crisis of this core component of the country’s tourism industry. Among key findings are that small and microlodging firms that have suffered severe financial losses because of the COVID-19 shock have few viable mechanisms to cope with the impact of the crisis and that government support to aid recovery has been insufficient in South Africa. This research contributes to the limited body of international scholarship that examines how small and microaccommodation firms, a major group and contributor of many economies, are navigating the unprecedented COVID-19 environment.

Grassy Weeds and Corn as Potential Sources of Barley yellow dwarf virus Spread Into Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. PDIS-05-20-1004
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Rashidi ◽  
Regina K. Cruzado ◽  
Pamela J. S. Hutchinson ◽  
Nilsa A. Bosque-Pérez ◽  
Juliet M. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is an important vector-borne pathogen of cereals. Although many species of grasses are known to host BYDV, knowledge of their role in virus spread in regional agroecosystems remains limited. Between 2012 and 2016, Idaho winter wheat production was affected by BYDV. BYDV-PAV and the bird cherry-oat aphid (BCOA) (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) vector were commonly present in the affected areas. A series of greenhouse bioassays were performed to examine whether two types of corn (Zea mays L.), dent and sweet, and three commonly found grassy weeds, downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), green foxtail (Setaria viridis L.), and foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum L.), can be inoculated with BYDV (species BYDV-PAV) by BCOA and also act as sources of the virus in winter wheat. BCOA successfully transmitted BYDV-PAV to both corn types and all weed species. Virus titers differed between the weed species (P = 0.032) and between corn types (P = 0.001). In transmission bioassays, aphids were able to survive on these host plants during the 5-day acquisition access period and later successfully transmitted BYDV-PAV to winter wheat (var. SY Ovation). Transmission success was positively correlated with the virus titer of the source plant (P < 0.001) and influenced by weed species (P = 0.028) but not corn type. Overall, the results of our inoculation and transmission assays showed that the examined weed species and corn types can be inoculated with BYDV-PAV by BCOA and subsequently act as sources of infections in winter wheat.

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