Reactive oxygen species contribute to symptomless, extreme resistance to Potato virus X in tobacco

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lóránt Király ◽  
Réka Albert ◽  
Orsolya Zsemberi ◽  
Ildikó Schwarczinger ◽  
Yasser Mohamed Hafez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Extreme Resistance ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Regulator Genes

Here we show that in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun NN Rx1) the development of Rx1 gene-mediated, symptomless, extreme resistance to Potato virus X (PVX) is preceded by an early, intensive accumulation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide (O2.-), evident between 1-6 hours after inoculation and associated with enhanced NADPH oxidase activities. This suggests a direct contribution of this ROS to virus restriction during symptomless, extreme resistance. Superoxide inhibition in PVX-inoculated leaves by infiltration of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, SOD and catalase, CAT) partially suppresses extreme resistance parallel with the appearance of localized leaf necrosis resembling a hypersensitive resistance response (HR). F1 progeny from crosses of Rx1 and ferritin-overproducer (deficient in production of the ROS OH.) tobaccos also display a suppressed extreme resistance to PVX, since significantly increased virus levels are coupled to HR, suggesting a role of the hydroxyl radical (OH.) in this symptomless antiviral defense. In addition, treatment of PVX-susceptible tobacco with a superoxide-generating agent (riboflavin/methionine) results in HR-like symptoms and reduced PVX titers. Finally, by comparing defense responses during PVX-elicited symptomless, extreme resistance and HR-type resistance elicited by Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) we conclude that defense reactions typical of an HR (e.g. induction of cell death/ROS-regulator genes and antioxidants) are early and transient in the course of extreme resistance. Our results demonstrate the contribution of early accumulation of ROS (superoxide, OH.) in limiting PVX replication during symptomless extreme resistance and support earlier findings that virus-elicited HR represents a delayed, slower resistance response than symptomless, extreme resistance.

Effect of a complex preparation with inducers of resistance to pathogens on the infection of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
A. N. Grits ◽  
E. N. Karasiova ◽  
T. D. Makarova ◽  
K. I. Rybinskaya ◽  
A. L. Olshanikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Complex Preparation

The content of reactive oxygen species, the activity of key antioxidant enzymes ‒ ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase, the level of expression of the hypersensitive response marker gene (HSR) as well as potato virus X particles content in cv. Uladar seedlings grown on an ion-exchange substrate in the presence of a complex preparation containing chitosan, Bacillus subtilis bacteria-based preparation and salicylic acid, when infected potato virus X. Accumulation of the reactive oxygen species, increase in ascorbate peroxidase activity, a lower level of HSR gene expression and a lower content of virus X particles in potato plants under such conditions are shown. An increase in both the number of potato minitubers and dry matter content in them was also registered when plants were grown on an ion-exchange substrate in the presence of a complex preparation.

scholarly journals Salicylic Acid Is Involved in the Nb-Mediated Defense Responses to Potato virus X in Solanum tuberosum

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Sánchez ◽  
Nadia Gerhardt ◽  
Florencia Siciliano ◽  
Adrián Vojnov ◽  
Isabelle Malcuit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Transgenic Lines

To evaluate the role of salicylic acid (SA) in Nb-mediated hypersensitive resistance to Potato virus X (PVX) avirulent strain ROTH1 in Solanum tuberosum, we have constructed SA-deficient transgenic potato plant lines by overexpressing the bacterial enzyme salicylate hydroxylase (NahG), which degrades SA. Evaluation of these transgenic lines revealed hydrogen peroxide accumulation and spontaneous lesion formation in an age- and light-dependent manner. In concordance, NahG potato plants were more sensitive to treatment with methyl viologen, a reactive oxygen species–generating compound. In addition, when challenged with PVX ROTH1, NahG transgenic lines showed a decreased disease-resistance response to infection and were unable to induce systemic acquired resistance. However, the avirulent viral effector, the PVX 25-kDa protein, does induce expression of the pathogenesis-related gene PR-1a in NahG potato plants. Taken together, our data indicate that SA is involved in local and systemic defense responses mediated by the Nb gene in Solanum tuberosum. This is the first report to show that basal levels of SA correlate with hypersensitive resistance to PVX.

scholarly journals Differential Function of Endogenous and Exogenous Abscisic Acid during Bacterial Pattern-Induced Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leitao Tan ◽  
Qiuping Liu ◽  
Yufeng Song ◽  
Guangzhen Zhou ◽  
Linli Luan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Endogenous Aba

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays important roles in positively or negatively regulating plant disease resistance to pathogens. Here, we reassess the role of endogenous and exogenous ABA by using: 35S::ABA2, a previously reported transgenic Arabidopsis line with increased endogenous ABA levels; aba2-1, a previously reported ABA2 mutant with reduced endogenous ABA levels; and exogenous application of ABA. We found that bacterial susceptibility promoted by exogenous ABA was suppressed in 35S::ABA2 plants. The 35S::ABA2 and aba2-1 plants displayed elevated and reduced levels, respectively, of bacterial flagellin peptide (flg22)-induced H2O2. Surprisingly, ABA pre-treatment reduced flg22-induced H2O2 generation. Exogenous, but not endogenous ABA, increased catalase activity. Loss of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase genes, RBOHD and RBOHF, restored exogenous ABA-promoted bacterial susceptibility of 35S::ABA2 transgenic plants. In addition, endogenous and exogenous ABA had similar effects on callose deposition and salicylic acid (SA) signaling. These results reveal an underlying difference between endogenous and exogenous ABA in regulating plant defense responses. Given that some plant pathogens are able to synthesize ABA and affect endogenous ABA levels in plants, our results highlight the importance of reactive oxygen species in the dual function of ABA during plant-pathogen interactions.

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