Predisposition to Seed Infection byPhomopsis sojaein Soybean Plants Infected by Soybean Mosaic Virus

1979 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 846 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Hepperly
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Soybean Plants

GmGSTU13 is related to the development of mosaic symptoms in soybean plants infected with Soybean mosaic virus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Yingchao Shen ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Song Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cp Gene ◽  
Viral Coat ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Different Strains

The leaves of soybean cv. ZheA8901 show various symptoms (necrosis, mosaic and symptomless) when infected with different strains of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV). Based on a proteomic analysis performed with tandem mass tags (TMT), 736 proteins were differentially expressed from soybean samples that showed asymptomatic, mosaic and necrosis symptoms induced by SMV strains SC3, SC7, and SC15, respectively. Among these, GmGSTU13 and APX (ascorbate peroxidase) were only upregulated in mosaic and symptomless leaves, respectively. The protein level of GmGSTU13 determined by Western blot was consistent with TMT analysis, qRT-PCR analysis showed that GmGSTU13 mRNA levels in mosaic plants was 5.26- and 3.75-fold higher than that in necrotic and symptomless plants, respectively. Additionally, the expression of viral coat protein (CP) gene was increased, and serious mosaic symptoms were observed in GmGSTU13-overexpressing plants inoculated with all three SMV strains. These results showed that GmGSTU13 is associated with the development of SMV-induced mosaic symptoms in soybean and that APX is upregulated in symptomless leaves at both the transcriptional and protein levels. In APX gene-silenced soybean plants, the relative expression of the viral CP gene was 1.50, 7.59 and 1.30 times higher than in positive control plants inoculated with the three SMV strains, suggesting that the upregulation of APX may be associated with lack of symptoms in soybean infected with SMV. This work provides a useful dataset for identifying key proteins responsible for symptom development in soybean infected with different SMV strains.

Infection of Soybean with Soybean mosaic virus Increases Susceptibility to Phomopsis spp. Seed Infection

Crop Science ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1850-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwen Koning ◽  
Dennis M. TeKrony ◽  
Todd W. Pfeiffer ◽  
Said A. Ghabrial
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Infection

scholarly journals Multiple Loci Condition Seed Transmission of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and SMV-Induced Seed Coat Mottling in Soybean

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 750-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie L. Domier ◽  
Houston A. Hobbs ◽  
Nancy K. McCoppin ◽  
Charles R. Bowen ◽  
Todd A. Steinlage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Multiple Loci ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Simple Sequence

Infection of soybean plants with Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), which is transmitted by aphids and through seed, can cause significant reductions in seed production and quality. Because seedborne infections are the primary sources of inoculum for SMV infections in North America, host-plant resistance to seed transmission can limit the pool of plants that can serve as sources of inoculum. To examine the inheritance of SMV seed transmission in soybean, crosses were made between plant introductions (PIs) with high (PI88799), moderate (PI60279), and low (PI548391) rates of transmission of SMV through seed. In four F2 populations, SMV seed transmission segregated as if conditioned by two or more genes. Consequently, a recombinant inbred line population was derived from a cross between PIs 88799 and 548391 and evaluated for segregation of SMV seed transmission, seed coat mottling, and simple sequence repeat markers. Chromosomal regions on linkage groups C1 and C2 were significantly associated with both transmission of isolate SMV 413 through seed and SMV-induced seed coat mottling, and explained ≈42.8 and 46.4% of the variability in these two traits, respectively. Chromosomal regions associated with seed transmission and seed coat mottling contained homologues of Arabidopsis genes DCL3 and RDR6, which encode enzymes involved in RNA-mediated transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene silencing.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Seed Coat Mottling in Soybean Plants Inoculated with Bean pod mottle virus and Soybean mosaic virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1333-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Hobbs ◽  
G. L. Hartman ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
C. B. Hill ◽  
R. L. Bernard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Bean Pod Mottle Virus ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Soybean Seed Coat

Soybean seed coat mottling often has been a problematic symptom for soybean growers and the soybean industry. The percentages of seed in eight soybean lines with seed coat mottling were evaluated at harvest after inoculating plants during the growing season with Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV), Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and both viruses inside an insect-proof cage in the field. Results from experiments conducted over 2 years indicated that plants infected with BPMV and SMV, alone or in combination, produced seed coat mottling, whereas noninoculated plants produced little or no mottled seed. BPMV and SMV inoculated on the same plants did not always result in higher percentages of mottled seed compared with BPMV or SMV alone. There was significant virus, line, and virus-line interaction for seed coat mottling. The non-seed-coat-mottling gene (Im) in Williams isoline L77-5632 provided limited, if any, protection against mottling caused by SMV and none against BPMV. The Peanut mottle virus resistance gene Rpv1 in Williams isoline L85-2308 did not give any protection against mottling caused by SMV, whereas the SMV resistance gene Rsv1 in Williams isoline L78-379 and the resistance gene or genes in the small-seeded line L97-946 gave high levels of protection against mottling caused by SMV. The correlations (r = 0.77 for year 2000 and r = 0.89 for year 2001) between virus infection of the parent plant and seed coat mottling were significant (P = 0.01), indicating that virus infection of plants caused seed coat mottling.

scholarly journals Elements Involved in the Rsv3-Mediated Extreme Resistance against an Avirulent Strain of Soybean Mosaic Virus

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazen Alazem ◽  
Kuan-Chieh Tseng ◽  
Wen-Chi Chang ◽  
Jang-Kyun Seo ◽  
Kook-Hyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Extreme Resistance ◽  
Rapid Induction ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
Rna Pathways ◽  
Si Rna

Extreme resistance (ER) is a type of R-gene-mediated resistance that rapidly induces a symptomless resistance phenotype, which is different from the phenotypical R-resistance manifested by the programmed cell death, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and hypersensitive response. The Rsv3 gene in soybean cultivar L29 is responsible for ER against the avirulent strain G5H of soybean mosaic virus (SMV), but is ineffective against the virulent strain G7H. Rsv3-mediated ER is achieved through the rapid accumulation of callose, which arrests SMV-G5H at the point of infection. Callose accumulation, however, may not be the lone mechanism of this ER. Analyses of RNA-seq data obtained from infected soybean plants revealed a rapid induction of the abscisic acid pathway at 8 h post infection (hpi) in response to G5H but not to G7H, which resulted in the down-regulation of transcripts encoding β-1,3 glucanases that degrade callose in G5H-infected but not G7H-infected plants. In addition, parts of the autophagy and the small interfering (si) RNA pathways were temporally up-regulated at 24 hpi in response to G5H but not in response to G7H. The jasmonic acid (JA) pathway and many WRKY factors were clearly up-regulated only in G7H-infected plants. These results suggest that ER against SMV-G5H is achieved through the quick and temporary induction of ABA, autophagy, and the siRNA pathways, which rapidly eliminate G5H. The results also suggest that suppression of the JA pathway in the case of G5H is important for the Rsv3-mediated ER.

scholarly journals Soybean Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Widyasari ◽  
Mazen Alazem ◽  
Kook-Hyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Soybean Resistance ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Made In

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) occurs in all soybean-growing areas in the world and causes huge losses in soybean yields and seed quality. During early viral infection, molecular interactions between SMV effector proteins and the soybean resistance (R) protein, if present, determine the development of resistance/disease in soybean plants. Depending on the interacting strain and cultivar, R-protein in resistant soybean perceives a specific SMV effector, which triggers either the extreme silent resistance or the typical resistance manifested by hypersensitive responses and induction of salicylic acid and reactive oxygen species. In this review, we consider the major advances that have been made in understanding the soybean–SMV arms race. We also focus on dissecting mechanisms SMV employs to establish infection and how soybean perceives and then responds to SMV attack. In addition, progress on soybean R-genes studies, as well as those addressing independent resistance genes, are also addressed.

scholarly journals Association of the transcriptional response of soybean plants with soybean mosaic virus systemic infection

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Babu ◽  
Alla G. Gagarinova ◽  
James E. Brandle ◽  
Aiming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Trifoliate Leaf ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Soybean Plants

Compatible virus infection induces and suppresses host gene expression at the global level. These gene-expression changes are the molecular basis of symptom development and general stress and defence-like responses of the host. To assess transcriptional changes in soybean plants infected with soybean mosaic virus (SMV), the first soybean trifoliate leaf, immediately above the SMV-inoculated unifoliate leaf, was sampled at 7, 14 and 21 days post-inoculation (p.i.) and subjected to microarray analysis. The identified changes in gene expression in soybean leaves with SMV infection at different time points were associated with the observed symptom development. By using stringent selection criteria (≥2- or ≤−2-fold change and a Q value of ≤0.05), 273 (1.5 %) and 173 (0.9 %) transcripts were identified to be up- and downregulated, respectively, from 18 613 soybean cDNAs on the array. The expression levels of many transcripts encoding proteins for hormone metabolism, cell-wall biogenesis, chloroplast functions and photosynthesis were repressed at 14 days p.i. and were associated with the highest levels of viral RNA in the host cells. A number of transcripts corresponding to genes involved in defence were either downregulated or not affected at the early stages of infection, but upregulated at the late stages, indicating that the plant immune response is not activated until the late time points of infection. Such a delayed defence response may be critical for SMV to establish its systemic infection.

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