Long‐term in vitro fermentation of high amylose starch digestion residues by human fecal inocula

AbstractRumen fluid was obtained from rumen fistulated cows (two of high (HS) and two of low (LS) susceptibility to bloat) which were bred in experimental herds subjected to long-term divergent genetic selection for pasture bloat susceptibility. In vitro fermentation using strained rumen fluid from each cow with various pasture juice substrates showed no differences between HS and LS in gas production per unit of rumen fluid or in foam production per unit of gas production. Fluid from cows on grazed pasture produced greatest gas volumes. Clover juices produced more foam of similar stability to ryegrass and mixed pasture juices. Foam production per unit of gas was greater for all juices when the rumen fluid was from cows grazing bloat potent pasture.

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Texture and Digestion Properties of Cooked Rice and Rice Noodles

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1059198/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Liqin Hu ◽

Zhengwu Xiao ◽

Jiana Chen ◽

Jialin Cao ◽

Anas Iqbal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amylose Content ◽

Glucose Production ◽

Pasting Properties ◽

Starch Digestion ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Cooked Rice ◽

Apparent Amylose Content ◽

High Amylose ◽

Insulin Responses

Abstract Rice varieties high in amylose content have low glycemic and insulin responses. Rice noodles are processed by extrusion from high amylose content rice, which may also have low glycemic and insulin responses. In this study, cooked rice and rice noodles processed from two high amylose content cultivars, Guangluai4 (GL4) and Zhenguiai (ZGA), were chosen for in vitro starch digestion evaluation. Apparent amylose content of cultivars (i.e., GL4-28.4% and ZGA-26.8%) and pasting properties except final viscosity were significantly different between the cultivars. In vitro starch digestion results showed that the glucose production rate in rice noodles was significantly slower than that in cooked rice by 65.7% and 42.0% in GL4 and ZGA, respectively. The main reason for low glucose production in rice noodles was active digestion duration longer in rice noodles than in cooked rice, which reflects the slow release of glucose during starch digestion. The texture of rice noodles in the GL4 and ZGA cultivars is 3 and 2.3 times harder than that of cooked rice, respectively. Thus digestive enzymes can hardly enter the interior of rice noodles for amylolysis. As a result, the digestion time of rice noodles is longer, and the release of glucose during digestion is slower than that of cooked rice. The slower release of glucose during rice noodle digestion may be beneficial for prolonging satiety and reducing food intake. Consequently, eating rice noodles may help in improving or preventing diabetes and obesity over time.

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Inhibitory Effect of Ascorbic Acid on in vitro Enzymatic Digestion of Raw and Cooked Starches

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.758367 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jiayue Guo ◽

Alyssa Gutierrez ◽

Libo Tan ◽

Lingyan Kong

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Potato Starch ◽

Digestive Enzyme ◽

Enzymatic Digestion ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Starch Digestion ◽

Potent Inhibitory Effect ◽

High Amylose ◽

Dose Dependent

Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, was previously reported to inhibit the activity of pancreatic α-amylase, the primary digestive enzyme for starch. A major implication of such inhibition is a slowed rate of starch digestion into glucose, which thereby reduces postprandial hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to explore the inhibitory effects of ascorbic acid at various concentrations on the in vitro digestion of high amylose maize starch (HAMS) and potato starch (PS) in both raw and cooked conditions. Resistant starch (RS) content, defined as the starch that remained after 4 h of simulated in vitro enzymatic digestion, was measured for the starch samples. Upon the addition of ascorbic acid, the RS contents increased in both raw and cooked starches. Cooking significantly reduced the RS contents as compared to raw starches, and less increase in RS was observed with the addition of ascorbic acid. The inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid on the digestion of raw starches showed a dose-dependent trend until it reached the maximum extent of inhibition. At the concentrations of 12.5 and 18.75 mg/mL, ascorbic acid exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect on the in vitro starch digestion in raw and cooked conditions, respectively. Overall, our results strongly indicate that ascorbic acid may function as a glycemic modulatory agent beyond other important functions, and its effects persist upon cooking with certain concentrations applied.

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Starch digestion kinetics and mechanisms of hydrolysing enzymes in growing pigs fed processed and native cereal-based diets

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114519000503 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 121 (10) ◽

pp. 1124-1136 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bianca M. J. Martens ◽

Thomas Flécher ◽

Sonja de Vries ◽

Henk A. Schols ◽

Erik M. A. M. Bruininx ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Intestinal Lumen ◽

Starch Digestion ◽

Proximal Small Intestine ◽

Digestion Kinetics ◽

High Amylose

AbstractThis study aimed to examine in vivo starch digestion kinetics and to unravel the mechanisms of starch hydrolysing enzymes. Ninety pigs (23 (sd 2·1) kg body weight) were assigned to one of nine treatments in a 3×3 factorial arrangement, with starch source (barley, maize, high-amylose (HA) maize) and form (isolated, within cereal matrix, extruded) as factors. We determined starch digestion coefficients (DC), starch breakdown products and digesta retention times in four small-intestinal segments (SI1–4). Starch digestion in SI2 of pigs fed barley and maize, exceeded starch digestion of pigs fed HA maize by 0·20–0·33 DC units (P<0·01). In SI3–4, barley starch were completely digested, whereas the cereal matrix of maize hampered digestion and generated 16 % resistant starch in the small intestine (P<0·001). Extrusion increased the DC of maize and HA maize starch throughout the small intestine but not that of barley (P<0·05). Up to 25 % of starch residuals in the proximal small intestine of pigs was present as glucose and soluble α(1–4) maltodextrins. The high abundance of glucose, maltose and maltotriose in the proximal small intestine indicates activity of brush-border enzymes in the intestinal lumen, which is exceeded by α-amylase activity. Furthermore, we found that in vivo starch digestion exceeded our in vitro predictions for rapidly digested starch, which indicates that the role of the stomach on starch digestion is currently underestimated. Consequently, in vivo glucose release of slowly digestible starch is less gradual than expected, which challenges the prediction quality of the in vitro assay.

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Molecular-structure evolution during in vitro fermentation of granular high-amylose wheat starch is different to in vitro digestion

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130188 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 130188

Author(s):

Haiteng Li ◽

Robert G. Gilbert ◽

Michael J. Gidley

Keyword(s):

Molecular Structure ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Wheat Starch ◽

Structure Evolution ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

High Amylose

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In Vitro Fermentation of High-Amylose Cornstarch by a Mixed Population of Colonic Bacteria

Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition ◽

10.1177/0148607197021005290 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 290-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Stefan U. Christl ◽

Uta Katzenmaier ◽

Silke Hylla ◽

Heinrich Kasper ◽

Wolfgang Scheppach

Keyword(s):

Mixed Population ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Colonic Bacteria ◽

High Amylose

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Influence of Human Age on the Prebiotic Effect of Pectin-Derived Oligosaccharides Obtained from Apple Pomace

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7040224 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 224

Author(s):

Agnieszka Wilkowska ◽

Ilona Motyl ◽

Aneta Antczak-Chrobot ◽

Maciej Wojtczak ◽

Adriana Nowak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Apple Pomace ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Bacterial Groups

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prebiotic effect of pectin-derived oligosaccharides (POS) obtained from apple pomace on the growth and metabolism of microbiota from the human gastrointestinal tract as a function of the age of the host. The counts of major bacterial groups Bifidobacterium sp., lactobacilli, Clostridium sp., Bacteroides sp., Enterococcus sp. and Enterobacteria were assessed during long-term in vitro fermentation of mixed cultures in a prebiotic medium. Comparative assessment of bacterial diversity in the human fecal microbiota was performed relative to the age of the host, from childhood to old age, through younger years and middle age. The age group of the host was found to be an important factor that determined the prebiotic effect of POS, which was related to both the qualitative and quantitative composition of fecal microbiota and its metabolism. In contrast to the microbiota of elderly subjects, the child-derived intestinal microbiota underwent significantly different alterations in terms of the proportion and composition of lactic acid bacteria, leading to a more favorable pattern of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactic acid levels.

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Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100159412 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 374-375

Author(s):

D.E. Loudy ◽

J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽

J.T. Yarrington ◽

F.Y. Thompson ◽

J.P. Gibson

Keyword(s):

Antidepressant Drug ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Platelet Counts ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Induced Aggregation ◽

Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

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