scholarly journals Plasma homocysteine is directly correlated with white matter hyperintensity and lateral ventricular volume, and inversely correlated with regional brain volumes in folic acid fortified, cognitively intact older adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua W Miller ◽  
Ralph Green ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
Brianne M Bettcher ◽  
Reva Wilheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
Cognitively Intact

scholarly journals Interaction of Age and Self-reported Physical Sports Activity on White Matter Hyperintensity Volume in Healthy Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kathryn Franchetti ◽  
Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj ◽  
Lauren A. Nguyen ◽  
Emily J. Van Etten ◽  
Yann C. Klimentidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Healthy Older Adults

scholarly journals Regional neurodegeneration correlates with sleep–wake dysfunction after stroke

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elie Gottlieb ◽  
Natalia Egorova ◽  
Mohamed S Khlif ◽  
Wasim Khan ◽  
Emilio Werden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
Long Sleep

Abstract Sleep–wake disruption is a key modifiable risk factor and sequela of stroke. The pathogenesis of poststroke sleep dysfunction is unclear. It is not known whether poststroke sleep pathology is due to focal infarction to sleep–wake hubs or to accelerated poststroke neurodegeneration in subcortical structures after stroke. We characterize the first prospective poststroke regional brain volumetric and whole-brain, fiber-specific, white matter markers of objectively measured sleep–wake dysfunction. We hypothesized that excessively long sleep (>8 h) duration and poor sleep efficiency (<80%) measured using the SenseWear Armband 3-months poststroke (n = 112) would be associated with reduced regional brain volumes of a priori-selected sleep–wake regions of interest when compared to healthy controls with optimal sleep characteristics (n = 35). We utilized a novel technique known as a whole-brain fixel-based analysis to investigate the fiber-specific white matter differences in participants with long sleep duration. Stroke participants with long sleep (n = 24) duration exhibited reduced regional volumes of the ipsilesional thalamus and contralesional amygdala when compared with controls. Poor sleep efficiency after stroke (n = 29) was associated with reduced ipsilesional thalamus, contralesional hippocampus, and contralesional amygdala volumes. Whole-brain fixel-based analyses revealed widespread macrostructural degeneration to the corticopontocerebellar tract in stroke participants with long sleep duration, with fiber reductions of up to 40%. Neurodegeneration to subcortical structures, which appear to be vulnerable to accelerated brain volume loss after stroke, may drive sleep–wake deficiencies poststroke, independent of lesion characteristics and confounding comorbidities. We discuss these findings in the context of the clinicopathological implications of sleep-related neurodegeneration and attempt to corroborate previous mechanistic-neuroanatomical findings.

Regional brain volumes, microstructure and neurodevelopment in moderate–late preterm children

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire E Kelly ◽  
Deanne K Thompson ◽  
Alicia J Spittle ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Marc L Seal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Cortical Grey Matter

ObjectiveTo explore whether regional brain volume and white matter microstructure at term-equivalent age (TEA) are associated with development at 2 years of age in children born moderate–late preterm (MLPT).Study designA cohort of MLPT infants had brain MRI at approximately TEA (38–44 weeks’ postmenstrual age) and had a developmental assessment (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development and Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment) at 2 years’ corrected age. Relationships between cortical grey matter and white matter volumes and 2-year developmental outcomes were explored using voxel-based morphometry. Relationships between diffusion tensor measures of white matter microstructure (fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial (AD), radial (RD) and mean (MD) diffusivities) and 2-year developmental outcomes were explored using tract-based spatial statistics.Results189 MLPT children had data from at least one MRI modality (volumetric or diffusion) and data for at least one developmental domain. Larger cortical grey and white matter volumes in many brain regions, and higher FA and lower AD, RD and MD in several major white matter regions, were associated with better cognitive and language scores. There was little evidence that cortical grey matter and white matter volumes and white matter microstructure were associated with motor and behavioural outcomes.ConclusionsRegional cortical grey matter and white matter volumes and white matter microstructure are associated with cognitive and language development at 2 years of age in MLPT children. Thus, early alterations to brain volumes and microstructure may contribute to some of the developmental deficits described in MLPT children.

scholarly journals Arterial stiffness and dementia pathology

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (14) ◽  
pp. e1248-e1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Hughes ◽  
Lynne E. Wagenknecht ◽  
Suzanne Craft ◽  
Akiva Mintz ◽  
Gerardo Heiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities

ObjectiveArterial stiffness has been associated with evidence of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) and fibrillar β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in the brain. These complex relationships have not been examined in racially and cognitively diverse cohorts.MethodsThe Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC)–Neurocognitive Study collected detailed cognitive testing for adjudication of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), brain MRI, and arterial stiffness by pulse wave velocity (PWV, carotid-femoral [cfPWV] and heart-carotid [hcPWV]). The ARIC-PET ancillary study added Aβ imaging using florbetapir ([18F]-AV-45) to obtain standardized uptake volume ratios and defined global Aβ-positivity as standardized uptake volume ratio >1.2. One-SD increase in PWV was related to brain volume, MRI-defined cSVD (e.g., cerebral microbleeds and white matter hyperintensity), and cortical Aβ deposition adjusted for age, body mass index, sex, race, and APOE ε4 status. We examined the cross-sectional relationships including interactions by race, APOE ε4 status, and cognition.ResultsAmong the 320 ARIC-PET participants (76 [5] years, 45% black, 27% MCI), greater central stiffness (hcPWV) was associated with greater Aβ deposition (odds ratio [OR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.71). Greater central stiffness (cfPWV) was significantly associated with having lower brain volumes in Alzheimer disease–susceptible regions (in mm3, β = −1.5 [0.7 SD], p = 0.03) and high white matter hyperintensity burden (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.1). Furthermore, cfPWV was associated with a higher odds of concomitant high white matter hyperintensity and Aβ-positive scans (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.1–2.1). These associations were strongest among individuals with MCI and did not differ by race or APOE ε4 status.ConclusionsArterial stiffness, measured by PWV, is an emerging risk factor for dementia through its repeated relationships with cognition, cSVD, and Aβ deposition.

scholarly journals Folic acid and reduction of plasma homocysteine concentrations in older adults: a dose-response study

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1318-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floor VA van Oort ◽  
Alida Melse-Boonstra ◽  
Ingeborg A Brouwer ◽  
Robert Clarke ◽  
Clive E West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Dose Response Study

scholarly journals Association Between Brain Volumes and Patterns of Physical Activity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal A Wanigatunga ◽  
Hang Wang ◽  
Yang An ◽  
Eleanor M Simonsick ◽  
Qu Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Cognitively Normal

Abstract Background Larger brain volumes are often associated with more free-living physical activity (PA) in cognitively normal older adults. Yet, whether greater brain volumes are associated with more favorable (less fragmented) PA patterns, and whether this association is stronger than with total PA, remains unknown. Methods Brain magnetic resonance imaging and wrist-worn accelerometer data were collected in 301 participants (mean age = 77 [SD = 7] years, 59% women) enrolled in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Linear regression models were fit to examine whether brain volumes (cc) were cross-sectionally associated with: (a) total daily PA minutes and (b) activity fragmentation (mean number of PA bouts / total PA minutes × 100). Sensitivity analyses were conducted by adjusting for counterpart PA variables (eg, fragmentation covariate included in the PA minutes model). Results Greater white matter volumes in the parietal and temporal lobes were associated with higher daily PA minutes (2.6 [SE = 1.0] and 3.8 [0.9] min/day, respectively; p < .009 for both) after adjusting for demographics, behavioral factors, medical conditions, gait speed, apolipoprotein E e4 status, and intracranial volume. Greater temporal white matter volume was associated with lower fragmentation (−0.16% [0.05], p = .003). In sensitivity analyses, observed associations between brain volumes and daily PA minutes remained significant while associations with fragmentation no longer remained significant. Conclusions Our results suggest white matter brain structure in cognitively normal older adults is associated with the total amount of PA and, to a lesser extent, the PA accumulation patterns. More work is needed to elucidate the longitudinal relationship between brain structure and function and PA patterns with aging.

Association of Air Pollution and Physical Activity With Brain Volumes

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000013031
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Furlong ◽  
Gene E. Alexander ◽  
Yann C. Klimentidis ◽  
David A. Raichlen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
The Uk

Objective:In high pollution areas, physical activity may have a paradoxical effect on brain health by increasing particulate deposition in the lungs. We examined whether physical activity modifies associations of air pollution with brain volumes in an epidemiological framework.Methods:The UK Biobank (UKB) enrolled >500,000 adult participants from 2006-2010. Wrist accelerometers, multimodal MRI with T1 images and T2 FLAIR data, and land use regression, were used to estimate vigorous physical activity (VigPA), structural brain volumes, and air pollution (AP) respectively in subsets of the full sample. We evaluated associations between AP interquartile ranges, VigPA, and brain structure volumes, and assessed interactions between AP and VigPA.Results:8,600 participants were included, with an average age of 55.55 (sd=7.46). After correcting for multiple testing, in overall models VigPA was positively associated with grey matter (GMV) and negatively associated with white matter hyperintensity volumes (WMHV), while NO2, PM2.5absorbance, and PM2.5 were negatively associated with GMV. NO2 and PM2.5absorbance interacted with VigPA on WMHV (FDR-corrected interaction p-values=0.037). Associations between these air pollutants and WMHVs were stronger among participants with high VigPA. Similarly, VigPA was negatively associated with WMHV for those in areas of low NO2 and PM2.5absorbance, but was null among those living in areas of high NO2 and PM2.5absorbance.Conclusions:Physical activity is associated with beneficial brain outcomes, while AP is associated with detrimental brain outcomes. Vigorous physical activity may exacerbate associations of AP with white matter hyperintensity lesions, and AP may attenuate the beneficial associations of physical activity with these lesions.

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