Proanthocyanidin trimer gallate modulates lipid deposition and fatty acid desaturation in
            Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract Background As a natural product isolated from thyme oil in thyme, thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol) harbors antiviral, antioxidant, and other properties, and thus could be potentially used for the treatment of various diseases. However, the function of thymol has not been comprehensively studied.Methods Here, we applied an inverse molecular docking approach to identify unappreciated functions of thymol. Potential targets of thymol in humans were identiﬁed by the server of DRAR-CPI, and targets of interest were then assessed by GO and KEGG pathway analysis. Subsequently, homologous proteins of these targets in Caenorhabditis elegans were identified by Blast tool and their three-dimensional structures were achieved using Swiss-Model workspace. Interaction between thymol and the targeted proteins in worms was verified using AutoDock 4.0. To verify the activity of thymol on lipid deposition in vivo, the C. elegans model was established. The lipid content of nematodes induced by high-dose glucose was determined by Oil Red O and Nile Red staining, and gene expression related to fat accumulation was assessed by qRT-PCR. Results Analyses of the targets revealed that thymol could be potentially involved in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and fatty acid degradation pathways. Experiment results in vivo verified that 1 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL thymol treatment significantly reduced lipid deposition in glucose-induced nematodes. The result of qRT-PCR suggested that the decreased level of cpt-1, aco, fabp and tph-1 correlating with β-oxidation in nematodes exposed by 1mM glucose were upregulated after the exposure of thymol.Conclusions The results showed that thymol might lead to the acceleration of β-oxidation by upregulating cpt-1, aco, fabp and tph-1, causing the descent of lipid content in nematodes, which is potentially used for the treatment of chronic metabolic diseases associated with increased fatty acid deposition.

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Azelaic Acid Promotes Caenorhabditis elegans Longevity at Low Temperature Via an Increase in Fatty Acid Desaturation

Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.1007/s11095-020-02975-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 15-26

Author(s):

Juan Bai ◽

Renalison Farias-Pereira ◽

Miran Jang ◽

Yuan Zhang ◽

Sang Mi Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Azelaic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Desaturation

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Validating porcine SCD haplotype effects on fatty acid desaturation and fat deposition in different genetic backgrounds

Livestock Science ◽

10.1016/j.livsci.2017.09.021 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 205 ◽

pp. 98-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ana I. Fernández ◽

Cristina Óvilo ◽

Carmen Barragán ◽

M. Carmen Rodríguez ◽

Luis Silió ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Fatty Acid Desaturation

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Identification of the molecular regulation of differences in lipid deposition in dedifferentiated preadipocytes from different chicken tissues

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-021-07459-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zheng Ma ◽

Na Luo ◽

Lu Liu ◽

Huanxian Cui ◽

Jing Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Regulatory Network ◽

Total Lipid Content ◽

Fatty Acid Transport ◽

Lipid Deposition ◽

Ppar Signaling ◽

The Difference

Abstract Background A body distribution with high intramuscular fat and low abdominal fat is the ideal goal for broiler breeding. Preadipocytes with different origins have differences in terms of metabolism and gene expression. The transcriptome analysis performed in this study of intramuscular preadipocytes (DIMFPs) and adipose tissue-derived preadipocytes (DAFPs) aimed to explore the characteristics of lipid deposition in different chicken preadipocytes by dedifferentiation in vitro. Results Compared with DAFPs, the total lipid content in DIMFPs was reduced (P < 0.05). Moreover, 72 DEGs related to lipid metabolism were screened, which were involved in adipocyte differentiation, fatty acid transport and fatty acid synthesis, lipid stabilization, and lipolysis. Among the 72 DEGs, 19 DEGs were enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway, indicating its main contribution to the regulation of the difference in lipid deposition between DAFPs and DIMFPs. Among these 19 genes, the representative APOA1, ADIPOQ, FABP3, FABP4, FABP7, HMGCS2, LPL and RXRG genes were downregulated, but the ACSL1, FABP5, PCK2, PDPK1, PPARG, SCD, SCD5, and SLC27A6 genes were upregulated (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) in the DIMFPs. In addition, the well-known pathways affecting lipid metabolism (MAPK, TGF-beta and calcium) and the pathways related to cell communication were enriched, which may also contribute to the regulation of lipid deposition. Finally, the regulatory network for the difference in lipid deposition between chicken DAFPs and DIMFPs was proposed based on the above information. Conclusions Our data suggested a difference in lipid deposition between DIMFPs and DAFPs of chickens in vitro and proposed a molecular regulatory network for the difference in lipid deposition between chicken DAFPs and DIMFPs. The lipid content was significantly increased in DAFPs by the direct mediation of PPAR signaling pathways. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of tissue-specific fat deposition and the optimization of body fat distribution in broilers.

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