The Degree of Blood Pressure Evaluation and End Organ Damage With Severe Hypertension: A Case-Control Study

Objective To evaluate whether the presence of maternal blood pressure reduces the risks of morbidity, perinatal mortality and morbidity at 24 months of age in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) compared with a control group. Methods A retrospective, observational, case-control study. Total 49 VLBWIs were allocated to the study group, called the maternal arterial hypertension group (AHG), and matched with 44 in the control group (CG). The infants were assessed during hospitalization and at 12 and 24 months corrected age at a specialized clinic. For the assessment of growth, the World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro software (Geneva, 2006) was used, and for the psychomotor assessment, the Denver II test was used. Results In relation to the antenatal variables, the infants of the AHG had more centralized circulation assessed by Doppler, received more corticosteroids and magnesium sulfate, and were born by cesarean section more frequently. In terms of the postnatal and in-hospital outcomes, the AHG had a higher gestational age at birth (30.7 versus 29.6 weeks) and a lower frequency of 5-minute Apgar scores of less than 7 (26.5% versus 52.3%). The CG had a higher rate of pulmonary dysplasia (30.2% versus 8.3%). There were no differences in terms of hospital mortality, complications, somatic growth and functional problems at 24 months of corrected age. Conclusion The presence of maternal hypertension, especially preeclampsia, was not a protective factor against morbidity, mortality and evolution in VLBWIs aged up to 24 months. Therefore, the clinical practice should be focused on prolonging the pregnancy for as long as possible in these conditions as well.

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Apelin 13 and Blood Pressure, Is there any Association in Pre-eclampsia? - A Case-control Study

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/46243.14403 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rajeev Gandham ◽

CD Dayanand ◽

SR Sheela

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Research Centre ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Study

Introduction: Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder, characterised by the onset of hypertension and proteinuria. Pre-eclampsia is the leading cause of maternal, perinatal morbidity and mortality. The exact cause of pre-eclampsia is not known clearly and needs to be explored. Aim: To evaluate the maternal serum apelin 13 levels among pre-eclampsia and healthy pregnant women and also, to find the association between apelin 13 and blood pressure. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted between Department of Biochemistry and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, RL Jalappa Hospital and Research Centre, Kolar, Karnataka, India. After approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee and written informed consent from study subjects, a total of 270 pregnant women were recruited for this study. Among them, 135 pre-eclamptic women were considered as cases and 135 normotensive healthy pregnant women served as controls. According to the pre-eclampsia severity, cases were grouped into mild (n=47) and severe pre-eclampsia (n=88). Blood samples were collected from all the study subjects and was analysed for apelin 13 by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Maternal and foetal adverse outcomes were recorded. Results were expressed as mean±Standard Deviation (SD). Categorical variables were expressed in percentages. Spearman’s correlation was applied and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean gestational age was 36.66±3.69 weeks which was, significantly low in pre-eclamptic women compared with healthy pregnant women. BMI (26.94±3.81 kg/m2), systolic (157.82±15.14 mmHg), diastolic (101.68±11.02 mmHg) and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) (120.20±11.12 mmHg), pulse rate (88.14±5.82 bpm), Aspartate Transaminase (AST) (25.25±12.49 IU/L) and Alanine Transaminase (ALT) (19.01±10.95 IU/L) were significantly increased in pre-eclamptic women when compared with control group. Mean maternal serum apelin 13 (341.44±218.63 pg/mL) concentrations were significantly lower in pre-eclampsia compared with healthy pregnant women. Maternal serum apelin 13 concentrations were negatively correlated with Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) (r = -0.196), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (r = -0.172) and MAP (r =-0.204). Adverse maternal outcomes such as epigastric pain 75 (55.55%), oedema 62 (45.92%) and persistent headache 35 (25.92%) were higher in pre-eclamptic group. Additionally, adverse foetal outcomes were more in pre-eclamptic cases including significantly decreased birth weight (2.40±0.65), babies requiring Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission were 54 (40%), preterm birth (≤37 wks) in 50 (37.03%), Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) 31 (22.96%), Small for Gestational Age (SGA) in 4 (2.96%) and Intra Uterine Death (IUD) in 11 (8.14%) babies. Conclusion: It was concluded from the present study that there was low maternal serum apelin 13 concentrations in pre-eclampsia and had negative correlation with blood pressure, suggesting its potential role in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia.

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Case-control study of 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and normal matched control subjects

Thorax ◽

10.1136/thorax.55.9.736 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 55 (9) ◽

pp. 736-740 ◽

Cited By ~ 139

Author(s):

C. W H Davies

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽

Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Matched Control ◽

Case Control ◽

Sleep Apnoea ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Control Study

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Impact of coronary artery disease on augmentation index as measured by estimated central blood pressure: A case control study in Asian Indians

Indian Heart Journal ◽

10.1016/j.ihj.2017.12.001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 70 (5) ◽

pp. 615-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kamal H. Sharma ◽

Neha Sharma ◽

Komal Shah ◽

Sachin Patil

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Asian Indians ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Case Control ◽

Central Blood Pressure ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Control Study

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77 High blood pressure during pregnancy is not a protective factor for preterm infants with very low weight. A case-control study

Pregnancy Hypertension ◽

10.1016/j.preghy.2016.08.159 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 215

Author(s):

Annibal Tagliaferri Sabino ◽

Eduardo de Souza ◽

Ana Lucia Goulart ◽

Adriana Martins de Lima ◽

Nelson Sass

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Low Weight ◽

Control Study

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Cerebrovascular risk factors associated with ischemic stroke in a young non-diabetic and non-hypertensive population: a retrospective case-control study

BMC Neurology ◽

10.1186/s12883-020-02005-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nan Zhang ◽

Lin Zhang ◽

Qiu Wang ◽

Jingwei Zhao ◽

Jia Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Young Adults ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Case Control ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Globally, rates of ischemic stroke (IS) have been rising among young adults. This study was designed to identify risk factors associated with IS incidence in young adults unaffected by hypertension or diabetes. Methods This was a retrospective case-control study of early-onset IS patients without diabetes and hypertension. Control patients were matched with healthy individuals based upon sex, age (±2 years), and BMI (±3 kg/m2) at a 1:3 ratio. Sociodemographic, clinical, and risk factor-related data pertaining to these patients was collected. The association between these risk factors and IS incidence was then assessed using conditional logistic regression models. Results We recruited 60 IS patients and 180 controls with mean ages of 44.37 ± 4.68 and 44.31 ± 4.71 years, respectively, for this study. Relative to controls, IS patients had significantly higher total cholesterol (TG), homocysteine (HCY), white blood cell (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels, and significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride cholesterol (TC), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) levels (all P < 0.05). After controlling for potential confounding factors, HCY and ANC were found to be significantly positively associated with IS incidence (OR 1.518, 95%CI 1.165–1.977, P = 0.002 and OR 2.418, 95%CI 1.061–5.511, P = 0.036, respectively), whereas HDL-C and FT3 levels were negatively correlated with IS incidence (OR 0.001, 95%CI 0.000–0.083, P = 0.003 and OR 0.053, 95%CI 0.008–0.326, P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions In young non-diabetic and non-hypertensive patients, lower HDL-C and FT3 levels and higher HCY and ANC levels may be associated with an elevated risk of IS. Additional prospective studies of large patient cohorts will be essential to validate these findings.

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