Plasma concentrations of inactive renin in adult life are related to indicators of foetal growth

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 881-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher N. Martyn ◽  
Anthony F. Lever ◽  
James J. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Inactive Renin

Effect of prostaglandin inhibition by indomethacin on plasma active and inactive renin concentration in men

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1355-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lijnen ◽  
J. Staessen ◽  
R. Fagard ◽  
A. Amery
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Active Renin ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Inhibition Of Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Inactive Renin ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Total P ◽  
Rest And Exercise

The effect of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin on active renin and on acid-activable inactive renin was studied in nine healthy, sodium-replete men, both at rest and exercise. These volunteers were investigated after pretreatment with placebo or indomethacin, 150 mg daily for 3 days. Indomethacin induced a decrease in active (p = 0.004), total (p < 0.001), and inactive (p = 0.02) renin at rest recumbent on average by 42, 19, and 8%, respectively, and at rest sitting on average by 45, 15, and 3%, respectively. Inhibition of prostaglandins with indomethacin reduced (p < 0.001) active and total renin at each level of work load but not (p = 0.32) inactive renin. However, the exercise-induced stimulation (p < 0.05) of active and total renin still occur during indomethacin. Indomethacin reduced (p < 0.001) at rest sitting and at maximal exercise the plasma concentrations of immunoreactive prostaglandins E2 by 50 and 54%, respectively, prostaglandin F2α by 36 and 39%, respectively, and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin Fα by 38 and 60%, respectively. The urinary excretion of immunoreactive prostaglandin E2 and F2α was also reduced.Key words: indomethacin, prorenin, active renin, prostaglandins.

BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ACTIVE AND INACTIVE RENIN IN MAN

1980 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. LIJNEN ◽  
A. AMERY ◽  
R. FAGARD ◽  
L. VERSCHUEREN
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Inactive Renin ◽  
Change In Mean

SUMMARY The biological significance of active and inactive renin was investigated by comparison of an in-vitro assay of active, total and inactive plasma renin concentration (PRC), plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma concentrations of angiotensin I and II with an in-vivo change in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) produced by antagonism of angiotensin with treatment with saralasin and by blockade of angiotensin-converting enzyme by treatment with captopril. A significant relationship between the changes in MAP during treatment with saralasin and captopril with the pretreatment levels of PRA, active and total PRC and angiotensin II were found; while the pre-existing level of inactive renin was not a predictor for the hypotensive effect of saralasin and captopril. During treatment with saralasin and captopril significant increases in PRA, plasma angiotensin I concentration and total and active PRC were found and no change in inactive PRC was observed.

Immunization of pregnant ewes against somatotropin release inhibiting factor increases growth of twin lambs

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
SL Westbrook ◽  
KD Chandler ◽  
GH McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Inhibiting Factor ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Lamb Growth

Multiparous ewes, pregnant with twin foetuses, were immunized with a complex of somatotropin release inhibiting factor/bovine serum albumin emulsified in Freund's Complete Adjuvant, or placebo on about days 90, 111 and 132 of pregnancy. At lambing, ewes with viable twin lambs and no obvious abnormalities were penned indoors with their lambs and fed restricted amounts of a good quality ration. Birthweights of lambs were greater for immunized than control ewes (4.6 v. 3.6 kg, P < 0.05) and 6 weeks later differences were maintained (13.6 v. 10.8 kg, P< 0.001). Liveweights of ewes from both groups were similar at parturition and 6 weeks later; even so, immunized ewes tended to lose more weight post partum than control ewes (10.9 v. 8.8 kg, P > 0.10). Milk yields of immunized ewes were 20-30% higher than those of control ewes during the 6 weeks post partum and milk of the immunized ewes contained lower proportions of lactose than in control ewes at day 14 of lactation. Feed intakes of both groups were similar, resulting in improved efficiency of use of food for milk synthesis in immunized ewes. Plasma concentrations of insulin were similar for both groups of ewes and lambs at all times, but plasma concentrations of glucose at parturition and 6 weeks later and urea during late pregnancy were reduced and concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids tended to increase during late pregnancy in immunized ewes compared with control ewes. The data are consistent with more efficient feed use by immunized than control ewes enabling greater foetal growth, increased milk yields and greater lamb growth.

Reduced foetal growth and growth hormone secretion in adult life

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E Flanagan ◽  
Vivienne M Moore ◽  
Ian F Godsland ◽  
Richard A Cockington ◽  
Jeffrey S Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Foetal Growth

Plasma concentrations of fibrinogen and factor VII in adult life and their relation to intra-uterine growth

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Martyn ◽  
T. W. Meade ◽  
Y. Stirling ◽  
D. J. P. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Uterine Growth

scholarly journals Dysregulation of the adipoinsular axis -- a mechanism for the pathogenesis of hyperleptinemia and adipogenic diabetes induced by fetal programming

2001 ◽  
Vol 170 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Vickers ◽  
S Reddy ◽  
BA Ikenasio ◽  
BH Breier
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Fetal Programming ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Delta Cells

Obesity and its related disorders are the most prevalent health problems in the Western world. Using the paradigm of fetal programming we developed a rodent model which displays the phenotype of obesity and metabolic disorders commonly observed in human populations. We apply maternal undernutrition throughout gestation, generating a nutrient-deprived intrauterine environment to induce fetal programming. Maternal undernutrition results in fetal growth retardation and in significantly decreased body weight at birth. Programmed offspring develop hyperphagia, obesity, hypertension, hyperleptinemia and hyperinsulinism during adult life and postnatal hypercaloric nutrition amplifies the metabolic abnormalities induced by fetal programming. The adipoinsular axis has been proposed as a primary candidate for linking the status of body fat mass to the function of the pancreatic beta-cells. We therefore investigated the relationship between circulating plasma concentrations of leptin and insulin and immunoreactivity in the endocrine pancreas for leptin and leptin receptor (OB-R) in genetically normal rats that were programmed to become obese during adult life. Virgin Wistar rats were time mated and randomly assigned to receive food either available ad libitum (AD group) or at 30% of the ad libitum available intake (UN group). Offspring from UN mothers were significantly smaller at birth than AD offspring (AD 6.13+/-0.04 g, UN 4.02+/-0.03 g, P<0.001). At weaning, offspring were assigned to one of two diets (a standard control diet or a hypercaloric diet consisting of 30% fat) for the remainder of the study. At the time of death (125 days of age), UN offspring had elevated (P<0.005) fasting plasma insulin (AD control 1.417+/-0.15 ng/ml, UN control 2.493+/-0.33 ng/ml, AD hypercaloric 1.70+/-0.17 ng/ml, UN hypercaloric 2.608+/-0.41 ng/ml) and leptin (AD control 8.8+/-1.6 ng/ml, UN control 14.32+/-1.9 ng/ml, AD hypercaloric 15.11+/-1.8 ng/ml, UN hypercaloric 30.18+/-5.3 ng/ml) concentrations, which were further increased (P<0.05) by postnatal hypercaloric nutrition. The elevated plasma insulin and leptin concentrations were paralleled by increased immunolabeling for leptin in the peripheral cells of the pancreatic islets. Dual immunofluorescence histochemistry for somatostatin and leptin revealed that leptin was co-localized in the pancreatic delta-cells. OB-R immunoreactivity was evenly distributed throughout the pancreatic islets and was not changed by programming nor hypercaloric nutrition. Our data suggest that reduced substrate supply during fetal development can trigger permanent dysregulation of the adipoinsular feedback system leading to hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinism and compensatory leptin production by pancreatic delta-cells in a further attempt to reduce insulin hypersecretion in the progression to adipogenic diabetes.

Low Birth Weight and Schizophrenia

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Rifkin ◽  
Shôn Lewis ◽  
Peter Jones ◽  
Brian Toone ◽  
Robin Murray
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Premorbid Adjustment ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Impairment

BackgroundLow birth weight has been postulated to be a risk factor for schizophrenia.MethodObstetric history, premorbid adjustment, and cognitive function during admission were assessed in 167 patients with DSM–III schizophrenia or affective psychosis.ResultsA birth weight of less than 2500 g was significantly more common in patients with schizophrenia than in those with affective psychosis. Schizophrenic patients as a group had significantly lower mean birth weight, a finding which was particularly marked after controlling for sociodemographic confounders. In schizophrenic men, lower birth weight was highly significantly correlated with poorer premorbid social and cognitive ability, and with impairment of adult cognitive function.ConclusionsNeurodevelopmental impairment may cause poor foetal growth, and schizophrenia in adult life.

Biochemical characteristics of human renin expressed in transgenic mice

1993 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Takaori ◽  
Shokei Kim ◽  
Akiyoshi Fukamizu ◽  
Masashi Sagara ◽  
Masayuki Hosoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Active Renin ◽  
Human Renin ◽  
Inactive Form ◽  
Renin Mrna ◽  
Inactive Renin

1. Biochemical properties of human renin expressed in transgenic mice (hRN8-12 mice) carrying the human renin gene (Fukamizu et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989; 165: 826–32) were examined. The optimum pH of the enzymic activity against human angiotensinogen was 5.5 for both plasma and renal human renin in the hRN8-12 mice. Plasma concentrations of human active and inactive renin in the plasma of hRN8-12 mice were 16.7 ± 2.8 and 79.9 ± 14.0 pmol of angiotensin 1 h−1 ml−1, respectively, thereby indicating that the predominant form of plasma human renin is the inactive form, as is the case in humans. 2. The molecular masses of plasma human active and inactive renin and renal human active renin in the hRN8-12 mice were estimated to be 46kDa, 48kDa and 44kDa, respectively, as determined by h.p.l.c. on G3,000SW. 3. Human renin in the hRN8-12 mouse kidney was bound to a concanavalin A-Sepharose column, and was eluted with α-methyl-d-mannoside, showing that this renin is glycosylated, as is native human renin. 4. Low sodium treatment of the hRN8-12 mice for 2 weeks increased plasma human active renin, renal human renin and renal human renin mRNA levels by 2.6-, 3.8- and 2.8-fold, respectively. Thus, the biosynthesis and secretion of renal human renin in these transgenic mice are obviously stimulated by sodium depletion.

Variations Across the Menstrual Cycle in EEG Activity During Thinking and Mental Relaxation

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Krug ◽  
M. Mölle ◽  
H.L. Fehm ◽  
J. Born
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Convergent Thinking ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Dimensional Complexity ◽  
Mental Relaxation

Abstract Previous studies have indicated: (1) peak performance on tests of divergent creative thinking during the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle; (2) compared to convergent analytical thinking, divergent thinking was found to be associated with a distinctly increased dimensional complexity of ongoing EEG activity. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that cortical information processing during the ovulatory phase is characterized by an increased EEG dimensionality. Each of 16 women was tested on 3 occasions: during the ovulatory phase, the luteal phase, and menses. Presence of the phases was confirmed by determination of plasma concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone. The EEG was recorded while the women performed: (1) tasks of divergent thinking; (2) tasks of convergent thinking; and (3) during mental relaxation. In addition to EEG dimensional complexity, conventional spectral power analysis was performed. Behavioral data confirmed enhanced creative performance during the ovulatory phase while convergent thinking did not vary across cycle phases. EEG complexity was higher during divergent than convergent thought, but this difference remained unaffected by the menstrual phase. Influences of the menstrual phase on EEG activity were most obvious during mental relaxation. In this condition, women during the ovulatory phase displayed highest EEG dimensionality as compared with the other cycle phases, with this effect being most prominent over the central and parietal cortex. Concurrently, power within the alpha frequency band as well as theta power at frontal and parietal leads were lower during the luteal than ovulatory phase. EEG results indicate that task demands of thinking overrode effects of menstrual cycle. However, with a less demanding situation, an ovulatory increase in EEG dimensionality became prominent suggesting a loosening of associative habits during this phase.

Review of Bereavement: Studies of Grief in Adult Life.

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-58
Author(s):  
CHARLES R. STROTHER
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life
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