EXPLAINING DIFFERENCES IN THE METABOLIC COST OF LOCOMOTION AMONG THREE AGE GROUPS OF CHILDREN 243

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
G. Frost ◽  
O. Bar-Or ◽  
J. Dowling ◽  
K. Dyson
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Cost Of Locomotion

The Metabolic Cost of Locomotion; Muscle by Muscle

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodger Kram ◽  
Christopher J. Arellano ◽  
Jason R. Franz
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Cost Of Locomotion

scholarly journals The metabolic cost of turning right side up in the Mediterranean spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca)

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather E. Ewart ◽  
Peter G. Tickle ◽  
William I. Sellers ◽  
Markus Lambertz ◽  
Dane A. Crossley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Physiological Process ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Inverted Position ◽  
Testudo Graeca ◽  
Fitness Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Advantage ◽  
Cost Of Locomotion ◽  
In The Wild

AbstractArmoured, rigid bodied animals, such as Testudines, must self-right should they find themselves in an inverted position. The ability to self-right is an essential biomechanical and physiological process that influences survival and ultimately fitness. Traits that enhance righting ability may consequently offer an evolutionary advantage. However, the energetic requirements of self-righting are unknown. Using respirometry and kinematic video analysis, we examined the metabolic cost of self-righting in the terrestrial Mediterranean spur-thighed tortoise and compared this to the metabolic cost of locomotion at a moderate, easily sustainable speed. We found that self-righting is, relatively, metabolically expensive and costs around two times the mass-specific power required to walk. Rapid movements of the limbs and head facilitate successful righting however, combined with the constraints of breathing whilst upside down, contribute a significant metabolic cost. Consequently, in the wild, these animals should favour environments or behaviours where the risk of becoming inverted is reduced.

scholarly journals The mechanics and energetics of human walking and running: a joint level perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (66) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic James Farris ◽  
Gregory S. Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Mechanical Work ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Joint Mechanics ◽  
Metabolic Power ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Cost Of Locomotion ◽  
Shed Light

Humans walk and run at a range of speeds. While steady locomotion at a given speed requires no net mechanical work, moving faster does demand both more positive and negative mechanical work per stride. Is this increased demand met by increasing power output at all lower limb joints or just some of them? Does running rely on different joints for power output than walking? How does this contribute to the metabolic cost of locomotion? This study examined the effects of walking and running speed on lower limb joint mechanics and metabolic cost of transport in humans. Kinematic and kinetic data for 10 participants were collected for a range of walking (0.75, 1.25, 1.75, 2.0 m s −1 ) and running (2.0, 2.25, 2.75, 3.25 m s −1 ) speeds. Net metabolic power was measured by indirect calorimetry. Within each gait, there was no difference in the proportion of power contributed by each joint (hip, knee, ankle) to total power across speeds. Changing from walking to running resulted in a significant ( p = 0.02) shift in power production from the hip to the ankle which may explain the higher efficiency of running at speeds above 2.0 m s −1 and shed light on a potential mechanism behind the walk–run transition.

scholarly journals Reduced Metabolic Cost of Locomotion in Svalbard Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea) during Winter

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. e15490 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lees ◽  
Robert Nudds ◽  
Karl-Arne Stokkan ◽  
Lars Folkow ◽  
Jonathan Codd
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Rock Ptarmigan ◽  
Cost Of Locomotion ◽  
Lagopus Muta

Effect of age on locomotion of Standardbred trotters in training

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Leleu ◽  
C Cotrel ◽  
E Barrey
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Training Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractIn Standardbreds, the main aim of early training (begun during the growth period) is the mechanization of athletes leading to a particular gait called the ‘flying trot’. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken to investigate the biomechanical and physiological factors involved in this gait change, and aimed to analyse the effect of age on gait and energetic variables in a population of Standardbred horses under training. One hundred and forty-three horses aged from two to seven years were tested on a track at three speeds (8.5, 10 and 11.6 m s−1) with a gait-analysis system. Gait variables (temporal and linear variables, symmetry, regularity, two-beat rhythm, dorso-ventral, longitudinal and lateral activities) were compared between four age groups (two-, three-, four-, and five-year-olds and above). After a standardized exercise test, two energetic variables (V4 and V200) were also compared between these groups. Most variables were influenced by age/training status. The results indicated that, from young to mature racehorses, stride length and duration increase; and gait becomes more symmetric and more regular. We also observed a decrease in dorso-ventral, longitudinal and lateral activities, i.e. a decrease of thoracic displacements. These differences could be elucidated at slow speed and were still obvious at high speed. V4 and V200 also increased significantly with age/training status. All of these results indicate an improvement in co-ordination and a decrease in metabolic cost with increasing age/training status. Thus gait acquisition could be related to an improvement in trotting efficiency.

scholarly journals A PHYSIOLOGIST'S PERSPECTIVE ON ROBOTIC EXOSKELETONS FOR HUMAN LOCOMOTION

2007 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 507-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL P. FERRIS ◽  
GREGORY S. SAWICKI ◽  
MONICA A. DALEY
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Human Locomotion ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Cost Of Locomotion ◽  
Metabolic Energy Expenditure ◽  
Insight Into

Technological advances in robotic hardware and software have enabled powered exoskeletons to move from science fiction to the real world. The objective of this article is to emphasize two main points for future research. First, the design of future devices could be improved by exploiting biomechanical principles of animal locomotion. Two goals in exoskeleton research could particularly benefit from additional physiological perspective: (i) reduction in the metabolic energy expenditure of the user while wearing the device, and (ii) minimization of the power requirements for actuating the exoskeleton. Second, a reciprocal potential exists for robotic exoskeletons to advance our understanding of human locomotor physiology. Experimental data from humans walking and running with robotic exoskeletons could provide important insight into the metabolic cost of locomotion that is impossible to gain with other methods. Given the mutual benefits of collaboration, it is imperative that engineers and physiologists work together in future studies on robotic exoskeletons for human locomotion.

Energetics of ascent: insects on inclines

1990 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Full ◽  
A. Tullis
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Stride Frequency ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Incline Angle ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Cost Of Locomotion ◽  
The Cost

Small animals use more metabolic energy per unit mass than large animals to run on a level surface. If the cost to lift one gram of mass one vertical meter is constant, small animals should require proportionally smaller increases in metabolic cost to run uphill. To test this hypothesis on very small animals possessing an exceptional capacity for ascending steep gradients, we measured the metabolic cost of locomotion in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, running at angles of 0, 45 and 90 degrees to the horizontal. Resting oxygen consumption (VO2rest) was not affected by incline angle. Steady-state oxygen consumption (VO2ss) increased linearly with speed at all angles of ascent. The minimum cost of locomotion (the slope of the VO2ss versus speed function) increased with increasing angle of ascent. The minimum cost of locomotion on 45 and 90 degrees inclines was two and three times greater, respectively, than the cost during horizontal running. The cockroach's metabolic cost of ascent greatly exceeds that predicted from the hypothesis of a constant efficiency for vertical work. Variations in stride frequency and contact time cannot account for the high metabolic cost, because they were independent of incline angle. An increase in the metabolic cost or amount of force production may best explain the increase in metabolic cost. Small animals, such as P. americana, can easily scale vertical surfaces, but the energetic cost is considerable.

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