HIGH RESPONDERS VS. LOW RESPONDERS IN CROSS COUNTRY RUNNING TRAINING

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S282
Author(s):  
M. E. Northuis ◽  
A. S. Leon ◽  
R. C. Serfass ◽  
A. J. Walker ◽  
R. S. Crow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Running Training ◽  
Low Responders ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
High Responders

Management of Haemophilia A with Antibodies - The Effect of Combined Treatment with Factor VIII, Hydrocortisone and Cyclophosphamide

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (04) ◽  
pp. 776-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Hedner ◽  
L Tengborn
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Anamnestic Response ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
Low Responders ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
High Responders

SummaryImmune tolerance has by several methods been induced in haemophiliacs with antibodies. A conversion of “high responders” into “low responders” was previously reported after repeated moderate factor IX doses over periods of 7-10 days in combination with cyclophosphamide and steroids in two patients with haemophilia B and inhibitors. This paper reports similar results in a heamophilia A patient by giving factor VIII, cyclophosphamide, and steroids during relatively short periods of time (7-8 days). The anamnestic response markedly decreased already following the first treatment and never exceeded a level of 1 u/ml (˜ 3 BU/ml) even when boosted with ordinary factor VIII doses for only 3 days. It is concluded that the markedly decreased secondary antibody response is most probably the result of factor VIII given at short intervals (twice a day) for periods of up to about one week when given in combination with cyclophosphamide and steroids. The same effect may be achieved by other methods. The treatment schedule suggested in the present paper is, however, simple and avoids long periods of high antibody levels. Furthermore, the total factor VIII dose used is lower than suggested in most other treatment schedules, which makes the treatment substantially less expensive.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTIGEN-BINDING T CELLS IN GENETIC HIGH AND LOW RESPONDER MICE

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 1180-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter J. Hämmerling ◽  
Hugh O. McDevitt
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Mouse Serum ◽  
Antigen Binding ◽  
Albumin Binding ◽  
Low Responders ◽  
Low Responder ◽  
High Responders

[125I](T,G)-A--L-binding T cells have been studied in mice whose ability to mount an immune response to (T,G)-A--L is under control of the H-2-linked Ir-1A gene. Nonimmunized high and low responder mice have approximately the same frequency of T-ABC. Following immunization, T-ABC proliferated only in high responders, but not in low responders, indicating expression of Ir-1A in T cells. When, for comparison, [125I]arsanyl-mouse serum albumin binding B and T cells were investigated in mice whose antibody response to the hapten arsanyl is controlled by an allotype-linked Ir gene, it was found that following immunization the number of B-ABC increased only in high responders. In contrast, T-ABC proliferated to the same extent in both high and low responders, suggesting exclusive expression of the allotype-linked Ir gene in the B-cell line. Preliminary studies indicate that anti-Ia sera inhibit neither B-ABC nor T-ABC.

Increased Leukocyte Thromboplastin Activity by Sensitized Lymphocytes: A Link Between Immunology and Blood Coagulation

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.G. van Aken ◽  
W.P. Zeylemaker ◽  
E.A.M. Stricker ◽  
J.I.H. Oh ◽  
C.J.W. van Ginkel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Mixed Leukocyte Reaction ◽  
Fibrin Deposition ◽  
Low Responders ◽  
High Responders ◽  
Stimulation Of

Fibrin deposition and infiltration of mononuclear leukocytes (MN) frequently occurs concomitantly at the site of an Immune reaction. As human MN can produce thromboplastin (TP) we have investigated whether immune stimulation of MN can trigger the production of TP by these cells. Both specific antigen (tuberculin PPD) and allogeneic lymphocytes were used for stimulation. MN from l4 donors with a high response to PPD and from 11 donors with a low response to PPD (based on the incorporation of 3H-thymidine) were cultured for 7 days in the presence or absence of PPD and the TP activity of the whole cell suspension was determined. When PPD was absent, TP levels in MN from low and high responders were not different (113±47 and 197±111 u/ml resp. p>0.10). With PPD, however, MN from high responders produced 1470±413 u TP/ml compared to 126±49 u TP/ml produced by MN from low responders (p<0.005). Similar results were obtained when MN were kept in culture for either 4 or 11 days. However, after 24 hours in culture» TP synthesis was not different in the MN of the 2 groups. When MN were cultured in a mixed leukocyte reaction, allogeneic MN produced more TP (405±151 u/ml) than control cultures (95±21 u/ml) (p<0.025;n=22). These data indicate that stimulated lymphocytes can enhance TP actiyity of leukocytes. It is postulated that fibrin formation In immune reactions such as delayed hypersensitivity and rejection of kidney allografts Is mediated by immunologically stimulated MN.

scholarly journals Association between Circulating Osteocalcin and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors following a 4-Week Leafy Green Vitamin K-Rich Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-367
Author(s):  
Alexander Tacey ◽  
Marc Sim ◽  
Cassandra Smith ◽  
Mary N. Woessner ◽  
Elizabeth Byrnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
Low Responders ◽  
High Responders

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Evidence suggests that lower serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) may be negatively associated with cardiometabolic health. We investigated whether individuals with a suppression of ucOC following an increase in dietary vitamin K1 exhibit a relative worsening of cardiometabolic risk factors. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Men (<i>n</i> = 20) and women (<i>n</i> = 10) aged 62 ± 10 years participated in a randomized, controlled, crossover study. The primary analysis involved using data obtained from participants following a high vitamin K1 diet (HK; 4-week intervention of increased leafy green vegetable intake). High and low responders were defined based on the median percent reduction (30%) in ucOC following the HK diet. Blood pressure (resting and 24 h), arterial stiffness, plasma glucose, lipid concentrations, and serum OC forms were assessed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Following the HK diet, ucOC and ucOC/tOC were suppressed more (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01) in high responders (41 and 29%) versus low responders (12 and 10%). The reduction in ucOC and ucOC/tOC was not associated with changes in blood pressure, arterial stiffness, plasma glucose, or lipid concentrations in the high responders (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Suppression of ucOC via consumption of leafy green vegetables has no negative effects on cardiometabolic health, perhaps, in part, because of cross-talk mechanisms.

Use of high and low responders to novelty in rat studies on the role of the ventral striatum in radial maze performance: effects of intra-accumbens injections of sulpiride

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Cools ◽  
B. Ellenbroek ◽  
D. Heeren ◽  
L. Lubbers
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Radial Maze ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Individual Vulnerability ◽  
Low Responders ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Radial Maze Performance ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
High Responders

High and low responders to novelty (Wistar rats) were selected with the help of an open-field test and then equipped with intra-accumbens cannulae. They were then tested in a simple four-arm radial maze during 5 successive days, three trials per day, following intra-accumbens injections of distilled water or the dopaminergic D2 antagonist (±)-sulpiride. The injections were given 15 min before the first trial on each day. Both types of drug-naive rats reached the same level of performance on day 5. However, high responders made more visits, more revisits, and needed less time to make the first visit than low responders. Moreover, high responders showed their greatest increase in learning 2 days earlier than low responders. It is discussed that these differences between high and low responders are not due simply to differences in locomotor activity, but are due to a subtle, but important, difference in the mode of learning between both types. Sulpiride significantly attenuated the learning in both rat types; however, its effect in high responders was much less than that in low responders. It is suggested that the effects of sulpiride are not due to changes in locomotor activity, motivation, or perception, but are due to a learning deficit. The data are discussed in view of the genetic variation in the neurochemical and neurobiological makeup of the nucleus accumbens in both types.Key words: ventral striatum, radial maze, sulpiride, individual vulnerability.

scholarly journals CELLULAR BASIS OF THE GENETIC CONTROL OF IMMUNE RESPONSES TO SYNTHETIC POLYPEPTIDES

1970 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Mozes ◽  
G. M. Shearer ◽  
Michael Sela
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Low Responders ◽  
Synthetic Polypeptides ◽  
Low Responder ◽  
Synthetic Polypeptide ◽  
High Responders

SJL mice are high responders to the synthetic multichain polypeptide antigen (T,G)-Pro--L, whereas DBA/1 mice are low responders (10, 11). In order to determine whether the genetic control of immune response can be correlated with the number of antigen-sensitive precursor cells, spleen cell suspensions from normal and immunized SJL and DBA/1 donor mice were transplanted into lethally X-irradiated syngeneic recipients (incapable of immune response) along with (T, G)-Pro--L. Anti-(T, G)-Pro--L responses (donor-derived) were assayed in the sera of the hosts 12–16 days later. By transplanting graded and limiting numbers of spleen cells, inocula were found which contained one or a few antigen-sensitive precursors reactive with the immunogen. Using this method to estimate the relative numbers of such cells for the high responder SJL strain, one precursor was detected in ∼1.3 x 106 and ∼7.2 x 106 spleen cells from immunized and normal donors, respectively. In contrast, one precursor was detected in about 30 x 106 spleen cells from low responder DBA/1 mice, irrespective of whether the donors had been immunized. These results indicate that the genetic control of immunity to the synthetic polypeptide antigen investigated is directly correlated to the relative number of precursor cells reactive with the immunogen in high and low responder strains.

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