EFFECTS OF LARGE EXERCISE-INDUCED WEIGHT LOSS ON ABDOMINAL FAT AND LIPID LEVELS IN OBESE MALES

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. S283
Author(s):  
M J. Mayo ◽  
J R. Grantham ◽  
G Balasekeran
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Exercise Induced

Exercise-Induced Weight Loss Preferentially Reduces Abdominal Fat

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
MELISSA J. MAYO ◽  
JUSTIN R. GRANTHAM ◽  
GOVINDASAMY BALASEKARAN
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Exercise Induced

Multimodal measurement of body composition change with diet- and exercise-induced weight loss in obese women

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-205
Author(s):  
A.R. Josse ◽  
S.A. Atkinson ◽  
M.A. Tarnopolsky ◽  
H. Azizian ◽  
J.K.G. Kramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Composition Change ◽  
Body Composition Change ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced

scholarly journals Lower extremity muscle size and strength and aerobic capacity decrease with caloric restriction but not with exercise-induced weight loss

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. Weiss ◽  
Susan B. Racette ◽  
Dennis T. Villareal ◽  
Luigi Fontana ◽  
Karen Steger-May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Exercise Induced

Caloric restriction (CR) results in fat loss; however, it may also result in loss of muscle and thereby reduce strength and aerobic capacity (V̇o2 max). These effects may not occur with exercise-induced weight loss (EX) because of the anabolic effects of exercise on heart and skeletal muscle. We tested the hypothesis that CR reduces muscle size and strength and V̇o2 max, whereas EX preserves or improves these parameters. Healthy 50- to 60-yr-old men and women (body mass index of 23.5–29.9 kg/m2) were studied before and after 12 mo of weight loss by CR ( n = 18) or EX ( n = 16). Lean mass was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, thigh muscle volume by MRI, isometric and isokinetic knee flexor strength by dynamometry, and treadmill V̇o2 max by indirect calorimetry. Both interventions caused significant decreases in body weight (CR: −10.7 ± 1.4%, EX: −9.5 ± 1.5%) and lean mass (CR: −3.5 ± 0.7%, EX: −2.2 ± 0.8%), with no significant differences between groups. Significant decreases in thigh muscle volume (−6.9 ± 0.8%) and composite knee flexion strength (−7.2 ± 3%) occurred in the CR group only. Absolute V̇o2 max decreased significantly in the CR group (−6.8 ± 2.3%), whereas the EX group had significant increases in both absolute (+15.5 ± 2.4%) and relative (+28.3 ± 3.0%) V̇o2 max. These data provide evidence that muscle mass and absolute physical work capacity decrease in response to 12 mo of CR but not in response to a similar weight loss induced by exercise. These findings suggest that, during EX, the body adapts to maintain or even enhance physical performance capacity.

scholarly journals Changes of Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Ectopic Fat in Response to Weight-loss Diets: the POUNDS Lost Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. e3747-e3756
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Dianjianyi Sun ◽  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Hao Ma ◽  
Yoriko Heianza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Hepatic Fat

Abstract Context Recent evidence has related circulating branch-chained amino acids (BCAAs) to ectopic fat distribution. Objective To investigate the associations of changes in plasma BCAAs induced by weight-loss diet interventions with hepatic fat and abdominal fat, and potential modification by different diets. Design, Setting, and Participants The current study included 184 participants from the 2-year Preventing Overweight and Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) trial with repeated measurements on plasma BCAAs, hepatic fat, and abdominal fat over 2 years. Main Outcome Measures Repeated measurements of hepatic fat, abdominal fat distribution, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and total adipose tissue (TAT). Results Over 2 years, a decrease in total plasma BCAAs was significantly associated with improvement in hepatic density (a marker for hepatic fat; P = 0.02) and reductions in abdominal fat, including VAT, SAT, and TAT (all P < 0.05) in the main analyses. Additionally, we observed that decreases in BCAAs were associated with decreased insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and triglycerides, independent of weight loss (all P < 0.05). Moreover, we found that dietary protein intake significantly modified the relation between changes in total plasma BCAAs and hepatic density at 6 months (Pinteraction = 0.01). Participants with a larger decrease in total BCAAs showed a greater increase in hepatic density when consuming a high-protein diet, compared with those with a smaller decrease or increase in total BCAAs. Conclusions Our findings indicate that weight-loss diet-induced decrease in plasma BCAAs is associated with reductions of hepatic and abdominal fat. In addition, dietary protein intake may modify these associations.

scholarly journals Exercise, weight loss, and changes in body composition in mice: phenotypic relationships and genetic architecture

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Kelly ◽  
Derrick L. Nehrenberg ◽  
Kunjie Hua ◽  
Theodore Garland ◽  
Daniel Pomp
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Running Wheels ◽  
The Relationship

The regulation of body weight and composition is complex, simultaneously affected by genetic architecture, the environment, and their interactions. We sought to analyze the complex phenotypic relationships between voluntary exercise, food consumption, and changes in body weight and composition and simultaneously localize quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling these traits. A large ( n = 815) murine advanced intercross line (G4) was created from a reciprocal cross between a high-running line and the inbred strain C57BL/6J. Body weight and composition (% fat, % lean) were measured at 4, 6, and 8 wk of age. After measurements at 8 wk of age, mice were given access to running wheels, during which food consumption was quantified and after which body weight and composition were assessed to evaluate exercise-induced changes. Phenotypic correlations indicated that the relationship between exercise and overall change in weight and adiposity depended on body composition before the initiation of exercise. Interval mapping revealed QTL for body weight, % fat, and % lean at 4, 6, and 8 wk of age. Furthermore, QTL were observed for food consumption and changes in weight, % fat, and % lean in response to short-term exercise. Here we provide some clarity for the relationship between weight loss, reduction in adiposity, food consumption, and exercise. Simultaneously, we reinforce the genetic basis for body weight and composition with some independent loci controlling growth at different ages. Finally, we present unique QTL providing insight regarding variation in weight loss and reduction in adiposity in response to exercise.

scholarly journals Adiposity-independent sympathetic activity in black men

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1613-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aamer Abbas ◽  
Lidia S. Szczepaniak ◽  
Meryem Tuncel ◽  
Jonathan M. McGavock ◽  
Beverley Huet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Visceral Abdominal Fat ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Obesity is thought to lead to sympathetic overactivity as a compensatory adjustment to weight gain. However, most of the experimental support for the hypothesis has been derived from white cohorts. Our previous study in blacks indicated that sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) is closely correlated with body mass index only in women, whereas, in black men, SNA is elevated and dissociated from adiposity (Abate et al., Hypertension 38: 379–383, 2001). To further determine whether total and regional adiposity are determinants of SNA in blacks, we performed a prospective weight loss study in 12 normotensive obese black men and 9 obese black women. SNA, body mass index, and abdominal fat mass were measured before and 16 wk after hypocaloric diet. The major new findings are that, in obese black men, the dietary-induced weight loss of 11.3 ± 0.8 kg resulted in reduction in plasma leptin, insulin, and visceral abdominal fat but had no effect on SNA (from baseline of 26 ± 4 to 28 ± 3 bursts/min, P = not significant). In contrast, in black women, weight loss of 8.0 ± 0.9 kg caused similar reductions in plasma leptin, insulin, and visceral abdominal fat and led to a reduction in SNA by 40% (from baseline of 22 ± 2 to 13 ± 3 bursts/min, P < 0.05). In conclusion, these new data from this prospective study provide strong support for a major adiposity-independent sympathetic activity in black men and adiposity-related sympathetic activity in black women.

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