Tumors Arising from the Blood-Vessels of the Brain

1929 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Cushing
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
The Brain

Perivascular (Virchow–Robin) spaces

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Perivascular Spaces ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Lenticulostriate Artery ◽  
The Brain

Perivascular spaces; also known as the Virchow-Robin Spaces, they are pleurally lined, interstitial fluid-filled areas that surround certain blood vessels in various organs, especially the perforating arteries in the brain, with an immunological function. Dilated perivascular spaces are divided into three types. The first of these is on the lenticulostriate artery, the second is in the cortex following the path of the medullary artery, and the third is in the midbrain. Perivascular spaces can be detected as areas of dilatation on MR images. Although a limited number of perivascular spaces can be seen in a normal brain, the increase in the number of these spaces has been associated with the incidence of various neurodegenerative diseases. Different theories have been suggested about the tendency of the perivascular spaces to expand. Current theories include mechanical trauma due to cerebrospinal fluid pulsing, elongation of penetrating blood vessels, unusual vascular permeability, and increased fluid exudation. In addition, the brain tissue atrophy that occurs with aging; It is thought to contribute to the widening of perivascular spaces by causing shrinkage of arteries, altered arterial wall permeability, obstruction of lymphatic drainage pathways and vascular demyelination. It is assumed that the clinical significance of the dilation tendencies of the perivascular spaces is based on shape change rather than size. These spaces have been mostly observed in brain regions such as corpus callosum, cingulate gyrus, dentate nucleus, substantia nigra and various arterial basins including lenticulostriate artery and mesencephalothalamic artery. In conclusion, when sections are taken on MR imaging, it is possible that perivascular spaces may be confused with microvascular diseases and some neurodegenerative changes. In addition, perivascular spaces can be seen without pathological significance. Therefore, it would be appropriate to investigate the etiological relationship by evaluating the radiological findings and clinical picture together.

Two Cases of Atheroma of the Blood Vessels at the Base of the Brain, with Remarks upon the Symptoms, Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Pathological Condition in that Affection

1870 ◽  
Vol 16 (73) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
J. T. Sabben
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Brain Substance ◽  
The Brain

In publishing the following cases, recently under my charge, of mental derangement dependent upon atheromatous deposit in the coats of the larger cerebral arteries, without any apparent disease of the brain substance, I desire, if possible, to define the symptoms of that condition during life, so as to enable them to be distinguished from those of general paralysis, with which I believe them often to be confused.

scholarly journals Meningeal Tumors Induced in Calves with the Bovine Cutaneous Papilloma Virus

1969 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Brobst ◽  
G. C. Dulac
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Meningeal Tumors ◽  
The Brain

Fibromatous tumors were induced in the meninges of calves by inoculating the meninges with a suspension of bovine cutaneous papillomas or by implanting bovine cutaneous papillomas into the brain. Meningeal tumors were observed to occur as early as 20 days after inoculation. Meningeal tumors from calves killed 90 and 145 days after inoculation extended into the brain along the course of blood vessels. Metastasis, however, was not observed. Evidence that the induced meningeal tumors contained viral antigen was lacking.

119 Visualization of Vascular Structures of the Brain Through a Novel Multispectral Fluorescence Microscope After Intravenous Application of ICG

Neurosurgery ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (CN_suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 226-226
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Athanasopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
White Light ◽  
Surgical Microscope ◽  
Light Image ◽  
Fluorescent Image ◽  
Surgical Clip ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
The Brain

Abstract INTRODUCTION Vascular structures are intraoperatively visualized through the eye-piece of a surgical microscope. The blood flow within the blood vessels can be demonstrated via indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence. In this study we wanted to find out whether the development of a novel fluorescent surgical microscope, overlapping a multispectral fluorescent image on a white light image, is superior, equal or inferior, compared to the previous models. Moreover, it shall be proved, whether multispectral fluorescence enhances surgeon's orientation through the precise and clearer visualization of blood vessels and the blood flow. METHODS A total of 8 porcine animal models were used. After fixation of the animal's head the parietal cortex and the cortical blood vessels were exposed. A digital imaging of the arterial perfusion, capillary transition and venous drainage after intravenous injection of ICG (5 ml; 5 mg/ml) was then performed. The blood flow was artificially blocked by a surgical clip. After repetitive intravenous injection of ICG and visualisation with multispectral view, the surgical clip was removed and the reperfusion of the brain tissue was visualized with the real time ICG perfusion. RESULTS >The visualization of the anatomical structures of the surgical field under white light as well as the image overlapping were easily performed. The occlusion of blood vessels with surgical clips demonstrate a blockage of the ICG perfusion on the multispectral fluorescent image. The ICG perfusion was again demonstrated after removing the surgical clip and reperfusion of the blood vessel. CONCLUSION Multispectral fluorescence was shown to be superior to the classic ICG fluorescence. With the development of a novel multispectral surgical microscope, which overlaps a fluorescent image on a white light image, the data delivered to the surgeon are enhanced, compared to the previous models. Moreover, the surgeons's orientation is improved thanks to the clear visualization of blood vessels and the blood flow.

scholarly journals Protective actions of des-acylated ghrelin on brain injury and blood–brain barrier disruption after stroke in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 (17) ◽  
pp. 1545-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Ku ◽  
Mohammadali Taher ◽  
Kai Yee Chin ◽  
Tom Barsby ◽  
Victoria Austin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
The Brain

Stroke is a leading cause of death, but treatments are limited. This experimental study reveals that the hormone ghrelin powerfully protects the brain and its blood vessels against injury after stroke, raising the possibility that it could be exploited therapeutically.

A ‘Hyaline’ Layer in the Skin of Squids

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1247-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Madan ◽  
M.J. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Nervous Control ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain

The skin of Loligo vulgaris and Illex illecebrosus contains a thick layer of amorphous material. In Loligo it lies above and in Illex below the chromatophore layer. We can find no mention of this layer in the considerable literature on squid skins despite its potential importance as a protection to underlying tissues and as a possible barrier to cutaneous oxygen uptake.Cephalopods have soft complicated skins. Embedded in the skin, most species have chromatophores, small bags of pigment that can be expanded by muscles that are under direct nervous control from the brain. There is an extensive literature on the physiology of chromatophores (Packard, 1988) and on their function in the behaviour of the animals (Hanlon & Messenger, 1996; Packard & Hochberg, 1977). Further cutaneous structures concerned in the determination of the colour of living cephalopods, the reflecting iridophores and leucophores (Cloney & Brocco, 1983), and the light generating photophores (Herring, 1988), have been the subject of a number of reports but other skin features such as the distribution of blood vessels have attracted little attention.

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