RELATING SOIL TEST P TO P UPTAKE BY PADDY RICE

Soil Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 159 (6) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. H. TEO ◽  
C. A. BEYROUTY ◽  
E. E. GBUR
Keyword(s):  
P Uptake ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Soil Test P

scholarly journals Long-term Response to Phosphorus Banding in Irrigated and Nonirrigated Pecan Production

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1237-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Polozola ◽  
Daniel E. Wells ◽  
J. Raymond Kessler ◽  
Wheeler G. Foshee ◽  
Amy N. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Application Rate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
P Application ◽  
P Movement ◽  
Over Time

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of banded phosphorus (P) applications at differing rates in irrigated and nonirrigated pecan (Carya illinoinensis) plots on P movement within the soil, P uptake and movement within pecan trees, and the yield and quality of nuts. On 20 Mar. 2015, P applications of 0 kg·ha−1 (0×), 19.6 kg·ha−1 (1×), 39.2 kg·ha−1 (2×), and 78.5 kg·ha−1 (4×) were administered to bands of triple superphosphate to randomly selected trees in nonirrigated and irrigated plots of a ‘Desirable’ orchard bordered by ‘Elliot’ trees. When P was applied at the 2× and 4× rates, the total soil test P decreased linearly by 35% and 54%, respectively, in nonirrigated plots and by 41% and 59%, respectively, in irrigated plots over the course of the experiment. There was no change in soil test P over time at the 0× rate for either irrigation regimen; however, at the 1× rate, soil test P decreased 44% in the irrigated plot but did not change in the nonirrigated plot. The largest linear decrease of the soil test P from the start of the experiment to the end of the experiment occurred in the top 0 to 7.6 cm. In contrast, soil test P at a depth of 15.2 to 22.9 cm decreased linearly by 23% in the nonirrigated plot, but it did not decrease over time in the irrigated plot. Increasing the P application rate increased foliar P quadratically in the nonirrigated plot, but only the 4× application rate increased foliar P compared with the 0× control. In the irrigated plot, foliar P concentrations decreased linearly from 2015 to 2017, and foliar P concentrations were not influenced by the P application rate. No differences in pecan yield or quality were observed in either irrigated or nonirrigated plots. Overall, P banding may not be the most sustainable way to increase foliar concentrations of P quickly or to maintain concentrations of the nutrient in the long term.

Response of spring-planted lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to freshly-applied and residual phosphorus and to phosphate fertiliser placement on a Karrakatta sand

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
W. J. Robertson ◽  
I. R. McPharlin
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Phosphate Fertiliser ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Whole Plants

Summary. The phosphorus (P) requirements of crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Salinas) were measured over 2 consecutive spring plantings using superphosphate that was freshly applied and applied 9 months before planting, at 0–600 kg P/ha on a newly-cleared Karrakatta sand of low natural P fertility. The response of lettuce to placement of phosphate fertiliser (banded, broadcast) was also investigated. There was a significant (P<0.001) head yield response to level of applied P in all experiments. There was no significant effect of placement on yield even though the concentrations of P in the wrapper leaves were on average 12% higher in the broadcast treatment. A Mitscherlich function described the relationship of P uptake by whole plants and plant shoots to level of applied P. Recovery efficiency of P fertiliser (fertiliser P uptake by shoots/P applied, both in kg/ha) by shoots decreased from 0.12 at 50 to 0.05 at 600 kg applied P/ha. Phosphorus recovery efficiency by whole plants (shoots plus roots) decreased from 0.13 at 50 to 0.05 at 600 kg P/ha. The level of freshly-applied P required for 95 and 99% of maximum relative yield over the 2 years (maximum yield, 89–112 t/ha) was 185 and 286 kg P/ha (Mitscherlich relationship, R2 = 0.93), respectively, at <10 µg/g soil test P (newly-cleared sites). The marketable yield was 82 and 92% of total yield at 185 and 286 kg P/ha respectively. Bicarbonate-soluble P extracted from the top 15 cm of soil was determined on residual P sites over 2 years where P was applied at 0–600 kg/ha. These soil test levels were related to head yield in a Mitscherlich relationship (R2 = 0.90). The critical soil test P values required for 95 and 99% of maximum relative yield, over the 2 years, were 81 and 121 µg/g respectively. Phosphorus in the wrapper leaf at early heading required for 95 and 99% of maximum yield was 0.40 ± 0.02 and 0.42 ± 0.02% (spline regression, R2 = 0.81), respectively. Soil and plant testing could be used to assist in reducing fertiliser costs, improving the efficiency of use of freshly- and previously-applied fertiliser P by lettuce and reducing P losses to water systems on the Swan Coastal Plain in Western Australia. Changing placement from broadcasting to banding will not improve efficiency of phosphate fertiliser use by lettuce on Karrakatta sands.

Short-term stability of soil test phosphorus in agricultural fields

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Lamb ◽  
G W Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Stability ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
P Values ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Soil Test Phosphorus ◽  
Bray 1

The spatial and temporal stability of soil test values is important to the use of soil testing for site-specific soil fertility management. A study was conducted to evaluate the spatial and temporal stability of soil test phosphorus (P). Five sites ranging in size from 3.7 to 4.4 ha were soil sampled in the same locations in a 18.3 × 18.3-m grid either three or four times over a 2-yr period. Bray 1-P values were similar or decreased over time, while Olsen-P values at two of five sites decreased. One site showed no pattern and two sites had cyclic patterns where the spring sample values were greater than the fall. The spatial pattern of soil test values during a 2 yr rotation for Bray 1-P and Olsen-P was very stable. The changes in distribution in soil test P categories over a 2-yr period resulted in a shift to lower soil test categories. The decreases in soil test P were probably caused by plant P uptake in combination with no application of P fertilizer during the study. Key words: Soil test phosphorus, spatial stability, pH, temporal stability

Response of onions (Allium cepa L.) to phosphate fertiliser placement and residual phosphorus on a Karrakatta sand

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Robertson ◽  
I. R. McPharlin
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Phosphate Fertiliser ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Bulb Yield

The phosphorus (P) requirement of irrigated onions (Allium cepa L. cv. Creamgold) was measured over 2 consecutive spring plantings using superphosphate that was freshly-applied and applied 9 months before planting, at 0–800 kg P/ha on a newly cleared Karrakatta sand of low natural P fertility. The response of onions to placement of phosphate fertiliser (banded or broadcast) was also investigated. There was a significant (P<0.001) bulb yield response to level of applied P in all experiments. There was no significant effect of placement on yield although the concentrations of P in the youngest mature leaves and bulbs were on average 18% higher (i.e. 0.40 v. 0.34%) than in the broadcast treatment. A rectangular hyperbola described the relationship of P uptake by shoots or bulbs to level of applied P. Recovery efficiency (RE) of fertiliser P (P uptake by bulbs at rate i of applied P – uptake in absence of applied P/rate i of applied P) by bulbs after curing decreased from 0.43 at 50 kg P/ha to 0.06 at 600 kg P/ha. Recovery efficiency by bulbs at applied P required for 95 and 99% of maximum yield was 0.20 and 0.14 respectively. The level of freshly-applied P required for 95 and 99% of maximum relative yield over the 2 years (maximum yield, 80–100 t/ha) was 122 and 203 kg P/ha (Mitscherlich relationship, R2 = 0.82), respectively, at <10 g/g Colwell P soil test (newly cleared sites). The marketable (total – reject) yield was 94% and 92% of total yield at 122 and 203 kg P/ha respectively. Bicarbonate-soluble P extracted from the top 15 cm of soil was determined on residual P sites over 2 years where P was applied at 0–800 kg/ha. These soil test levels were related to bulb yield in a Mitscherlich relationship (R2 = 0.90). The critical soil test P values required for 95 and 99% of maximum relative yield, over the 2 years, were 50 and 80 g/g respectively. Phosphorus in the youngest mature leaves required for 95 and 99% of maximum yield ranged from 0.22–0.28 to 0.26–0.32%, respectively, from the Mitscherlich regressions, depending on plant stage (i.e. leaf number or days after sowing) although there was no consistent trend with age. Soil testing can be used to reduce current applications of fertiliser P without reducing yield. Plant testing can be used to monitor the P status and associated fertiliser needs of onions on sands. Both these testing procedures need to be verified in commercial crops with a wide variation in soil test P levels and management practices. Soil and plant testing could therefore be used to reduce fertiliser application and cost, improve fertiliser RE by onions and reduce fertiliser P losses to water systems on the Swan Coastal Plain. Changing placement from broadcasting to banding does not appear to improve the efficiency of phosphate fertiliser use by irrigated onions on Karrakatta sands.

scholarly journals Corn Stover Removal Responses on Soil Test P and K Levels in Coastal Plain Ultisols

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4401
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Novak ◽  
James R. Frederick ◽  
Don W. Watts ◽  
Thomas F. Ducey ◽  
Douglas L. Karlen
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
K Concentration

Corn (Zea mays L.) stover is used as a biofuel feedstock in the U.S. Selection of stover harvest rates for soils is problematic, however, because excessive stover removal may have consequences on plant available P and K concentrations. Our objective was to quantify stover harvest impacts on topsoil P and K contents in the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain Ultisols. Five stover harvest rates (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% by wt) were removed for five years from replicated plots. Grain and stover mass with P and K concentration data were used to calculate nutrient removal. Mehlich 1 (M1)-extractable P and K concentrations were used to monitor changes within the soils. Grain alone removed 13–15 kg ha−1 P and 15–18 kg ha−1 K each year, resulting in a cumulative removal of 70 and 85 kg ha−1 or 77 and 37% of the P and K fertilizer application, respectively. Harvesting stover increased nutrient removal such that when combined with grain removed, a cumulative total of 95% of the applied P and 126% of fertilizer K were taken away. This caused M1 P and K levels to decline significantly in the first year and even with annual fertilization to remain relatively static thereafter. For these Ultisols, we conclude that P and K fertilizer recommendations should be fine-tuned for P and K removed with grain and stover harvesting and that stover harvest of >50% by weight will significantly decrease soil test M1 P and K contents.

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM, AND MANURE FACTORIALLY APPLIED TO POTATOES IN A LONG-TERM STUDY

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. BLACK ◽  
R. P. WHITE
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The effects of N, P, K, and manure factorially applied to potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yields, starch content, and soil and tissue nutrient levels were evaluated on continuous plots over 12 yr in a 4-yr potato, grain, hay, hay rotation. Although yield responses were observed with N, P, and K applications, manure application substantially increased yields above yield levels due to applied N, P, and K. Increasing rates of KCl strongly depressed tuber starch contents. Soil test P and K levels increased with repeated fertility applications, and leaf tissue levels were increased with N, P, and K treatments.

Effect on Colwell soil-test P of storing air-dry soil samples at room temperature for up to seventeen years

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
M.D.A. BOLLAND ◽  
J. DHALIWAL ◽  
J.W. BOWDEN ◽  
D.G. ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Dry Soil

Relationship of soil phosphorus fractions to phosphorus soil tests and fertilizer response

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
E. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Available P ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test P

Soil tests for available P may not be accurate because they do not measure the appropriate P fraction in soil. A sequential extraction technique (modified Hedley method) was used to determine if soil test P methods were accurately assessing available pools and if predictions of fertilizer response could be improved by the inclusion of other soil P fractions. A total of 145 soils were analyzed from field P fertilizer experiments conducted across Alberta from 1991 to 1993. Inorganic P (Pi) removed by extraction with an anion-exchange resin (resin P) was highly correlated with the Olsen and Kelowna-type soil test P methods and had a similar relationship with P fertilizer response. No appreciable improvement in the fit of available P with P fertilizer response was achieved by including any of the less available P fractions in the regression of P fertilizer response with available P. Little Pi was extractable in alkaline solutions (bicarbonate and NaOH), particularly in soils from the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones. Alkaline fractions were the most closely related to resin P, but the relationship depended on soil zone. Inorganic P extractable in dilute HCl was most strongly correlated with soil pH, reflecting accumulation in calcareous soils, while Pi extractable in concentrated acids (HCl and H2SO4) was most strongly correlated with clay concentration. A positive but weak relationship as observed between these fractions and resin P. Complete fractionation of soil P confirmed that soil test P methods were assessing exchangeable, plant-available P. Key words: Hedley phosphorus fractionation, resin, Olsen, Kelowna

scholarly journals Finnish trends in phosphorus balances and soil test phosphorus

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. UUSITALO ◽  
E. TURTOLA ◽  
J. GRÖNROOS
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
P Loss ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Soil Test Phosphorus ◽  
Yield Responses

Soil test phosphorus (P) concentration has a major influence on the dissolved P concentration in runoff from agricultural soils. Thus, trends in soil test P partly determine the development of pollution potential of agricultural activities. We reviewed the changes of soil test P and P balances in Finnish agriculture, and assessed the current setting of P loss potential after two Agri-Environmental Programs. Phosphorus balance of the Finnish agriculture has decreased from +35 kg ha–1 of the 1980’s to about +8 kg P ha–1 today. As a consequence, the 50-yr upward trend in soil test P concentrations has probably levelled out in the late 1990’s, as suggested by sampling of about 1600 fields and by a modelling exercise. For the majority of our agricultural soils, soil test P concentrations are currently at a level at which annual P fertilization is unlikely to give measurable yield responses. Soils that benefit from annual P applications are more often found in farms specialized in cereal production, whereas farms specialized in non-cereal plant production and animal production have higher soil test P concentrations. An imbalance in P cycling between plant (feed) and animal production is obvious, and regional imbalances are a result of concentration of animal farms in some parts of the country. A major concern in future will be the fate of manure P in those regions where animal production intensity is further increasing.;

scholarly journals Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Application Strategies in Corn–Soybean Rotations

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Boring ◽  
Kurt Thelen ◽  
James Board ◽  
Jason De Bruin ◽  
Chad Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

To determine if current university fertilizer rate and timing recommendations pose a limitation to high-yield corn (Zea mays subsp. mays) and soybean (Glycine max) production, this study compared annual Phosphorous (P) and Potassium (K) fertilizer applications to biennial fertilizer applications, applied at 1× and 2× recommended rates in corn–soybean rotations located in Minnesota (MN), Iowa (IA), Michigan (MI), Arkansas (AR), and Louisiana (LA). At locations with either soil test P or K in the sub-optimal range, corn grain yield was significantly increased with fertilizer application at five of sixteen site years, while soybean seed yield was significantly increased with fertilizer application at one of sixteen site years. At locations with both soil test P and K at optimal or greater levels, corn grain yield was significantly increased at three of thirteen site years and soybean seed yield significantly increased at one of fourteen site years when fertilizer was applied. Site soil test values were generally inversely related to the likelihood of a yield response from fertilizer application, which is consistent with yield response frequencies outlined in state fertilizer recommendations. Soybean yields were similar regardless if fertilizer was applied in the year of crop production or before the preceding corn crop. Based on the results of this work across the US and various yield potentials, it was confirmed that the practice of applying P and K fertilizers at recommended rates biennially prior to first year corn production in a corn–soybean rotation does not appear to be a yield limiting factor in modern, high management production systems.

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