scholarly journals The Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Prognosis in Small Adenocarcinomas of the Lung: The Association Between Histologic Subtype and Smoking Status

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 958-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukinori Sakao ◽  
Hideaki Miyamoto ◽  
Shiaki Oh ◽  
Nobumasa Takahashi ◽  
Tomoya Inagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Histologic Subtype ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Recalled Age of Initiation of Multiple Tobacco Products among 26–34 Year Olds: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 1 (2013–2014)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9000
Author(s):  
Adriana Pérez ◽  
Elena Penedo ◽  
Meagan A. Bluestein ◽  
Baojiang Chen ◽  
Cheryl L. Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Replication Method ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the recalled age of initiation of seven different tobacco products (TPs) and explored potential influences of sex, race/ethnicity, and cigarette-smoking status on tobacco use initiation among adults 26–34 years old using the PATH study. Methods: Secondary analyses were conducted in the adult restricted PATH wave 1 (2013–2014) dataset. Weighted statistics are reported using the balanced repeated replication method and Fay’s correction to account for PATH’s complex study design. Distributions and histograms of the recalled age of initiation of seven different TPs (cigarettes, cigarillos, traditional cigars, filtered cigars, hookah, smokeless tobacco, and e-cigarettes) are reported, as well as the impact of sex and race/ethnicity using Cox proportional hazard models. The impact of cigarette-smoking status on the recalled age of initiation of each tobacco product other than cigarettes was explored. Results: The highest modes of the recalled age of initiation of cigarette use were at 14–15 and 15–16 years old. The distributions of the recalled age of initiation of cigarillos, traditional cigars, filtered cigars, hookah, and smokeless tobacco occurred later, with the highest modes at 15–16 and 17–18 years old. The distribution of the recalled age of initiation of e-cigarettes had a different shape than the other TPs, with the highest mode reported at 27–28 years old. Conclusion: Due to the ever-changing tobacco marketplace, understanding when contemporary adults aged 26–34 years recall initiating TP use is important and will inform prevention researchers.

scholarly journals Cigarette Smoking Status, Cigarette Exposure, and Duration of Abstinence Predicting Incident Dementia and Death: A Multistate Model Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 1013-1023
Author(s):  
Adrienne L. Johnson ◽  
Naomi C. Nystrom ◽  
Megan E. Piper ◽  
Jessica Cook ◽  
Derek L. Norton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Competing Risks ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Smoking Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
State Models ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
The Impact

Background: To fully characterize the risk for dementia associated with cigarette smoking, studies must consider competing risks that hinder the observation of dementia or modify the chance that dementia occurs (i.e., death). Extant research examining the competing risks fails to account for the occurrence of death following dementia, limiting our understanding of the relation between smoking and dementia. Objective: Examine the impact of smoking status, lifetime smoking exposure, and duration of abstinence on incident dementia, death following dementia, and death without dementia. Methods: Multi-state models estimated hazard ratios (HR) for 95% confidence interval (CI) of 10,681 cognitively healthy adults for transition from baseline to dementia, baseline to death, and dementia to death based on smoking status, lifetime cigarette exposure, and abstinence duration. Results: Compared to never smokers, current smokers had increased risk of dementia (HR = 1.66; 95% CI 1.18– 2.32; p = 0.004), and death from baseline (HR = 2.98; 95% CI 2.24– 3.98; p < 0.001) and incident dementia (HR = 1.88; 95% CI 1.08– 3.27; p = 0.03). Pack years increased risk of death from baseline (HR = 1.01; 95% CI 1.00– 1.01; p < 0.001), but not dementia risk (HR = 1.00; 95% CI 1.00– 1.00; p = 0.78) or death following dementia (HR = 1.01; 95% CI 1.00– 1.01; p = 0.05). Recent quitters (quit < 10 years), compared to never smokers, had increased risk of death after baseline (HR = 2.31; 95% CI 1.55– 3.43; p < 0.001), but not dementia (HR = 1.17; 95% CI 0.73– 1.88; p = 0.52) or death following dementia (HR = 1.01; 95% CI 0.42– 2.41; p = 0.99). Conclusion: Current smoking increases the risk for dementia and death, but dementia is better attributed to smoking recency than lifetime exposure. Smoking cessation at any age might reduce these risks for cognitively healthy individuals.

Does Cigarette Smoking Harm Microsurgical Free Flap Reconstruction?

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (07) ◽  
pp. 492-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Heidekrueger ◽  
Elisabeth Haas ◽  
Michaela Coenen ◽  
Riccardo Giunta ◽  
Milomir Ninkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Free Flap ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Free Flaps ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Flap Reconstruction ◽  
Free Flap Reconstruction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Impact

Background Free tissue transfers can successfully address a wide range of reconstructive requirements. While the negative influence of cigarette smoking is well documented, its effects in the setting of microsurgical free flap reconstruction remain debated. This study evaluates the impact of cigarette smoking on microsurgical reconstructions. Methods Over a 7-year period, 897 patients underwent 969 microvascular free flap reconstructions at a single surgical center. The cases were divided into “smoker” (S) and “nonsmoker” (NS) groups according to their cigarette smoking status. The data were retrospectively screened for patients' demographics, perioperative details, surgical complications, free flap types, recipient sites, flap survival, and overall outcomes. Results Both groups were comparable regarding comorbidities including hypertension, peripheral artery disease, diabetes, American Society of Anesthesiologists scores, types of performed free flaps, and recipient sites. While patients in the NS group were significantly older and had a higher prevalence of obesity (p < 0.05), there were no significant differences regarding the rate of major or minor complications during our 3-month follow-up period (p > 0.05). Conclusion While minor and major complications were increased regarding virtually all examined parameters, cigarette smoking did not have significant effects on the overall outcomes of microsurgical free flap reconstructions.

Abstract WP415: Cigarette Smoking as Risk Factor for Hematoma Expansion in Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Analysis From a Randomized Clinical Trial

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Majidi ◽  
Lydia Foster ◽  
Christopher P Kellner ◽  
Jose I Suarez ◽  
Adnan I Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Hematoma Expansion ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Gcs Score ◽  
The Impact

Background: Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. We evaluated the impact of smoking status on hematoma expansion and clinical outcome in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: This is a post hoc exploratory analysis of Antihypertensive Treatment at Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage(ATACH)-2 trial. Patients with ICH were randomized into intensive blood pressure lowering(SBP: <139 mmHg) versus Baseline characteristics were compared based on smoking status. Analysis of outcome measures was adjusted for covariates included in the ATACH-2 primary analysis or those associated with smoking status. Results: Of total of 914 patients in the trial with known smoking status, 439 (48%) patients were ever-smokers (264 current smokers and 175 former smokers). Current and former smokers were younger and more likely to be male. There was no difference in the baseline Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) score and initial hematoma size based on smoking status. Ever-smokers had higher rate of thalamic hemorrhage (42% vs 34%) and intraventricular hemorrhage (29% vs 23%); this rate was highest among former smokers (49% and 35%, respectively). Ever-smokers had higher rate of hematoma expansion in 24 hour [adjusted RR (95% CI): 1.46; (1.05 -2.03)] compared to non-smokers after adjusting for confounding factors. There was no significant difference in the rate of death and disability at 90 days between the two groups [adjusted RR; (95% CI): 1.18; (0.93 -1.50)]. Conclusions: Our analysis demonstrates cigarette smoking as an independent predictor for hematoma expansion. There was no significant difference in death and disability based on smoking status.

Patterns of E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: Review of the Impact of E-Cigarettes on Cigarette Smoking

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1320-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Glasser ◽  
Haneen Abudayyeh ◽  
Jennifer Cantrell ◽  
Raymond Niaura
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
The Impact

Abstract There is concern that e-cigarette use among youth and young adults (YAs) may lead to future cigarette or other combustible tobacco product use. A synthesis of the literature on this topic is needed because existing longitudinal studies are limited in number and not consistent in their conclusions. We conducted a search in PubMed through December 31, 2017 for peer-reviewed studies related to e-cigarette patterns of use. Of 588 relevant studies, 26 had a youth or YA sample, were longitudinal in design, and assessed e-cigarette use at baseline and cigarette smoking at follow-up. Most studies followed a sample over time and compared cigarette smoking at follow-up between baseline e-cigarette users and nonusers. Other studies examined the difference at follow-up in cigarette smoking status among smokers according to e-cigarette use at baseline. Results suggest that, among never smokers, e-cigarette use is associated with the future (6 months to 2.5 years) cigarette trial; however, firm conclusions cannot be drawn because of limitations including small sample size, measurement of experimental use (ie, ever use, past 30-day use) rather than established use, and inadequate controls for potentially confounding variables. Conclusions also cannot be drawn from studies examining the impact of e-cigarette use among smokers due to the limited number of studies and additional limitations. A comprehensive understanding of this literature is needed to inform policy makers and consumers for evidence-based decision-making and to guide future research on e-cigarette use among youth and young adults. Implications The present article provides a review of the impact of e-cigarette use on subsequent cigarette smoking among youth and YAs. Studies presented here suggest that e-cigarette use among nonsmokers is associated with subsequent cigarette smoking, but study designs are subject to numerous limitations. Future research should focus on addressing the characteristics that put youth and YAs at the risk of using either product and how appeal and accessibility of these products are related to product use in order to inform future policy-making.

scholarly journals Association of cigarette smoking with a past history and incidence of herpes zoster in the general Japanese population: the SHEZ Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 1270-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BAN ◽  
Y. TAKAO ◽  
Y. OKUNO ◽  
Y. MORI ◽  
H. ASADA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Past History ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
History Of ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYFew studies have examined the impact of cigarette smoking on the risk for herpes zoster. The Shozu Herpes Zoster (SHEZ) Study is a community-based prospective cohort study over 3 years in Japan aiming to clarify the incidence and predictive and immunological factors for herpes zoster. We investigated the associations of smoking status with past history and incidence of herpes zoster. A total of 12 351 participants provided valid information on smoking status and past history of herpes zoster at baseline survey. Smoking status was classified into three categories (current, former, never smoker), and if currently smoking, the number of cigarettes consumed per day was recorded. The participants were under the active surveillance for first-ever incident herpes zoster for 3 years. We used a logistic regression model for the cross-sectional study on the association between smoking status and past history of herpes zoster, and a Cox proportional hazards regression model for the cohort study on the association with risk of incidence. The multivariable adjusted odd ratios (95% CI) of past history of herpes zoster for current vs. never smokers were 0·67 (0·54–0·80) for total subjects, 0·72 (0·56–0·93) for men and 0·65 (0·44–0·96) for women. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of incident herpes zoster for current vs. never smokers were 0·52 (0·33–0·81) for total subjects, 0·49 (0·29–0·83) for men and 0·52 (0·19–1·39) for women. Smoking status was inversely associated with the prevalence and incidence of herpes zoster in the general population of men and women aged ⩾50 years.

scholarly journals The Influence of Episodic Future Thinking and Graphic Warning Labels on Delay Discounting and Cigarette Demand

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12637
Author(s):  
Gideon P. Naudé ◽  
Sean B. Dolan ◽  
Justin C. Strickland ◽  
Meredith S. Berry ◽  
David J. Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Episodic Future Thinking ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Future Thinking ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Graphic Warning ◽  
The Impact

Delay discounting and operant demand are two behavioral economic constructs that tend to covary, by degree, with cigarette smoking status. Given historically robust associations between adverse health outcomes of smoking, a strong preference for immediate reinforcement (measured with delay discounting), and excessive motivation to smoke cigarettes (measured with operant demand), researchers have made numerous attempts to attenuate the extent to which behaviors corresponding to these constructs acutely appear in smokers. One approach is episodic future thinking, which can reportedly increase the impact of future events on present decision making as well as reduce the reinforcing value of cigarettes. Graphic cigarette pack warning labels may also reduce smoking by increased future orientation. Experiment 1 evaluated the combined effects of episodic future thinking and graphic warning labels on delay discounting; Experiment 2 evaluated solely the effects of episodic future thinking on delay discounting and operant demand. We observed no statistically significant effects of episodic future thinking when combined with graphic warning labels or when assessed on its own. These results serve as a call for further research on the boundary conditions of experimental techniques reported to alter behaviors associated with cigarette smoking.

The impact of smoking status on cognition and brain morphology in schizophrenia spectrum disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Elysha Ringin ◽  
Vanessa Cropley ◽  
Andrew Zalesky ◽  
Jason Bruggemann ◽  
Suresh Sundram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cortical Volume ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is associated with worse cognition and decreased cortical volume and thickness in healthy cohorts. Chronic cigarette smoking is prevalent in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), but the effects of smoking status on the brain and cognition in SSD are not clear. This study aimed to understand whether cognitive performance and brain morphology differed between smoking and non-smoking individuals with SSD compared to healthy controls. Methods Data were obtained from the Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank. Cognitive functioning was measured in 299 controls and 455 SSD patients. Cortical volume, thickness and surface area data were analysed from T1-weighted structural scans obtained in a subset of the sample (n = 82 controls, n = 201 SSD). Associations between smoking status (cigarette smoker/non-smoker), cognition and brain morphology were tested using analyses of covariance, including diagnosis as a moderator. Results No smoking by diagnosis interactions were evident, and no significant differences were revealed between smokers and non-smokers across any of the variables measured, with the exception of a significantly thinner left posterior cingulate in smokers compared to non-smokers. Several main effects of smoking in the cognitive, volume and thickness analyses were initially significant but did not survive false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Conclusions Despite the general absence of significant FDR-corrected findings, trend-level effects suggest the possibility that subtle smoking-related effects exist but were not uncovered due to low statistical power. An investigation of this topic is encouraged to confirm and expand on our findings.

Abstract 13180: Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Levels on Platelet P2Y12 Mediated Platelet Inhibition in Prasugrel Treated Patients: Results of a Pharmacodynamic Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Rollini ◽  
Francesco Franchi ◽  
Elisabetta Ferrante ◽  
Jung Rae Cho ◽  
Elizabeth C Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: In patients with established vascular disease, smoking is a strong independent risk factor for adverse outcomes, including mortality. Several investigations have shown that cigarette smoking induces cytochrome P450 enzymatic activity which in turn increases clopidogrel metabolism leading to enhanced pharmacodynamic (PD) effects compared with non-smokers. These findings may explain the heightened clinical benefits of clopidogrel in smokers compared with nonsmokers. Prasugrel has superior PD and clinical effects compared with clopidogrel. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of cigarette smoking on platelet P2Y 12 mediated effects among patients on maintenance prasugrel therapy. Methods: A total of 156 patients on maintenance prasugrel therapy (10mg/qd) for at least 7-days, in addition to aspirin (81mg/qd), who previously underwent a percutaneous coronary intervention in the setting of an acute coronary syndrome were studied. An objective assessment of smoking status was performed by measuring serum levels of cotinine (the major stable degradation product of nicotine metabolite). Cotinine levels >3 ng/ml identified patients as smokers. PD assessments to determine platelet P2Y 12 activity was performed by flow cytometric assessment of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Results were reported as platelet reactivity index (PRI). A PRI>50% identified patients with high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR). Results: According to cotinine serum levels, patients were divided into smokers (n=55) and nonsmokers (n=101). PRI values in the overall population were not normally distributed (median [interquartile range (IQR)] 30 [19.1-38.9]) and 14.6% of patients had HPR. PRI levels were not significantly different between smokers and nonsmokers (33.7 [13.6-46.9] vs 28.8 [21.7-37.3], p= 0.56). There was no correlation between PRI values and cotinine levels (r=0.03; p=0.74). Accordingly, HPR rates were similar between smokers and nonsmokers (18.2% vs 12.9%; p=0.25). Conclusions: In patients on maintenance prasugrel therapy, cigarette smoking status, as objectively assessed by serum levels of cotinine, does not affect the degree of platelet P2Y 12 mediated inhibition.

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